1189 lines
135 KiB
XML
1189 lines
135 KiB
XML
<document id="1168451023170591B686FAC87DC4801B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190060" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcf16418-7b73-4623-aa4c-952e1bf56c3e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190060" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461107209120" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guayasamin, Juan M. & Funk, Chris" docDate="2009" docId="03DFC35EFF84911B39A5F9DAE538B9D1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02220p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pristimantis bicantus Guayasamin & Funk, 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFE6BB26FF8C91143932FF81E017B811" masterDocTitle="The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698593542123" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="0CC81B9D93D471662D92356DB0C3B078" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D559E7F3EE44F00FB883778DCFC8776A">
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<mods:title id="8131332A7E2DC9CB871A1D930570DDA7">The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C2357D43803433A79CB53655329932D3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="74A01221DC4A86A117DC2DF9BA493588">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA37B089D8B4E788636BF9CB156683B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart id="6DD2C68B026456C37D961C803C924B7F">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="062750F6A4A61377006288B4A7CC2D8E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B201BDB9AF4579C2BE4E9D983CA7010E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="73408B55D7BF07EF95453822053DB2F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0165C1C2172B02E891101929F32BC9A5">Funk, Chris</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="277DCB6363D2464795E8AF4E43392E7D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="A49EA6F6AABE28C292DEA9994F88BF36" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8165E5929AAB01E2AB329619BF58D121">
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||
<mods:title id="F0146A2AC71CCA31DCDA36060CC9408A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="18456A23078A835C69C11F294A2DDEDB">
|
||
<mods:date id="A250C0EABBF291F4B09CB88FE9C21259">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="71DD42AECD27F6BE313A9EB50BFA4279" type="volume">
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||
<mods:number id="C23F5C92D4B561C82FC401D481933C2E">2220</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="C287FB0CD54B6DB6C9529EE9403A11C4" unit="page">
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||
<mods:start id="E279614651DEEDF753BB8A9281751A07">41</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3CCD56A45F061ED1918F22FA24FD9AE4">66</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="EE68D1D77F4DB27C9AA8245C38E55BBA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B572131AB86E2ABC58B209D2BB18D405" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190060</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E675F17F54B3AAA51E9D9A86C11EEB22" type="GBIF-Dataset">fcf16418-7b73-4623-aa4c-952e1bf56c3e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0F4F96630FA708830E0C16D342B4648" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="301CDC8D4D1274330BF2942B38E8F20B" type="Zenodo-Dep">190060</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="03DFC35EFF84911B39A5F9DAE538B9D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629749" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFC35EFF84911B39A5F9DAE538B9D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFC35EFF84911B39A5F9DAE538B9D1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF84911C39A5F9DAE222BE64" box="[151,565,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF84911C39A5F9DAE222BE64" blockId="8.[151,565,1627,1653]" box="[151,565,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<heading id="D081C524FF84911C39A5F9DAE222BE64" bold="true" box="[151,565,1627,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF84911C39A5F9DAE222BE64" bold="true" box="[151,565,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF84911C39A5F9DAE180BE64" box="[151,407,1627,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF84911C39A5F9DAE180BE64" bold="true" box="[151,407,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2311321FF84911C3897F9DAE222BE64" box="[421,565,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF84911D39A5F924E459BAB9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF84911C39A5F924E179BF1D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1701,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF84911C39A5F924E119BEAF" box="[151,270,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDCCEAFF84911C39A5F924E11DBEAF" box="[151,266,1701,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF84911C388CF924E218BEAE" box="[446,527,1701,1727]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19024, collected at Yanayacu Biological Station, trail to San Isidro Lakes (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF84911C3992F94AE0EFBEF4" box="[160,248,1739,1765]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="925" value="-0.6">0°36' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF84911C3834F94AE166BEF4" box="[262,369,1739,1765]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" precision="925" value="-77.88333">77°53'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF84911C384FF94AE1CCBEF4" box="[381,475,1739,1765]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150 m</quantity>
|
||
), Provincia Napo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36132D8FF84911C3B8BF94AE30ABEF4" box="[697,797,1739,1765]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF84911C3A7DF94AE404BEF4" box="[847,1043,1739,1765]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2001-01-10">10 January 2001</date>
|
||
by Fernando Nogales and Diego Almeida-Reinoso.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF84911D39F7F898E459BAB9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1701,2036]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,680]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF84911C39F7F898E16CBF23" box="[197,379,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were collected along different trails within Yanayacu Biological Station, Provincia Napo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36132D8FF84911C386FF8BEE1D6BF48" box="[349,449,1855,1881]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, or nearby the scientific station, at elevations between
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF84911C3D77F8BEE4E2BF48" box="[1093,1269,1855,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2100" valueMax="2300">
|
||
2100 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF84911C3D88F8BEE4E2BF48" box="[1210,1269,1855,1881]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m: High trail,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF84911C39A5F8E7E0FEBF91" box="[151,233,1894,1920]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19003–08, collected by Martín R. Bustamante on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF84911C3A64F8E7E402BF91" box="[854,1045,1894,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2001-01-02">2 January 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF84911C3D11F8E7E462BF91" box="[1059,1141,1894,1920]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19021–23, collected by Claudia Arcanjo on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF84911C38B4F80CE228BFB6" box="[390,575,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2001-01-02">2 January 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF84911C3B7EF80CE28BBFB6" box="[588,668,1933,1959]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19025–28, collected by WCF on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF84911C3D1CF80CE4F1BFB6" box="[1070,1254,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2001-01-02">2 January 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF84911C3DC1F80CE554BFB6" box="[1267,1347,1933,1959]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
39813, 39818–19, collected by Martín R. Bustamante on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF84911C3A35F832E3DDBFDC" box="[775,970,1971,1997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2005-01-03">3 January 2005</date>
|
||
. Macuca loma,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF84911C3DBCF832E4F6BFDC" box="[1166,1249,1971,1997]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18996, 18999, collected by Martín R. Bustamante and WCF on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF84911C3BEFF85BE3D4BFE5" box="[733,963,2010,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="2000-12-29">29 December 2000</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF84911C3AFDF85BE408BFE5" box="[975,1055,2010,2036]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19044–45, 19056–57, collected by Martín R. Bustamante on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D38C9FF19E2DEB8A3" box="[507,713,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2002-01-14">14 January 2002</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3BE4FF19E33FB8A3" box="[726,808,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18979, 18985–89, 18997, collected by WCF on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3C4DFF19E12FB8C9" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-11">11 January 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3877FF3FE182B8C9" box="[325,405,190,216]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18990–91, 18998, collected by WCF on 0
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3AA0FF3FE450B8C9" box="[914,1095,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-01">1 January 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3D66FF3FE4B3B8C9" box="[1108,1188,190,216]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18983–84, collected by WCF on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3815FF64E1FCB8EE" box="[295,491,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-11">11 January 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D38C5FF64E250B8EE" box="[503,583,229,255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18997–98, 19000–002, collected by Martín R. Bustamante and WCF on 0
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D399BFE8DE148B937" box="[169,351,268,294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-01">1 January 2001</date>
|
||
. Macuca loma creek number 4,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3BE8FE8DE33DB937" box="[730,810,268,294]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
22379, collected by Martín R. Bustamante and Galo Diaz on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3832FEB3E1C5B95D" box="[256,466,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2002-10-25">25 October 2002</date>
|
||
. San Isidro lakes,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3B86FEB3E311B95D" box="[692,774,306,332]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19017–18, collected by Fernando Nogales and Diego Almeida-Reinoso on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D38ABFED8E273B962" box="[409,612,345,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-10">10 January 2001</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3B40FED8E2D4B962" box="[626,707,345,371]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
39820, collected by Fernando Nogales and Diego Almeida- Reinoso on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3817FE01E1FAB98B" box="[293,493,384,410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2005-01-11">11 January 2005</date>
|
||
. Small San Isidro lake,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3A3AFE01E34FB98B" box="[776,856,384,410]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18980, 18981, collected by WCF on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3C28FE01E0CFB9D1" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-10">10 January 2001</date>
|
||
. Trail to San Isidro lakes,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3B2FFE27E278B9D1" box="[541,623,422,448]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18982, 18993, 19019–20, collected by WCF on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3DFBFE27E58EB9D1" box="[1225,1433,422,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-10">10 January 2001</date>
|
||
. Upper old station creek,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D388FFE4CE21AB9F6" box="[445,525,461,487]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19039–43, 19046–55, collected by Martín R. Bustamante on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3DDCFE4CE0C1BA1F" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2002-01-17" valueMax="2002-01-18" valueMin="2002-01-17">17–18 January 2002</date>
|
||
. Upper trail,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3840FE75E1D5BA1F" box="[370,450,500,526]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19030–38, collected by Martín R. Bustamante on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3D2FFE75E4F1BA1F" box="[1053,1254,500,526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2002-01-15">15 January 2002</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3DC0FE75E555BA1F" box="[1266,1346,500,526]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
22378, 22380–81, collected by Martín R. Bustamante and Galo Diaz on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3A8BFD9BE495BA25" box="[953,1154,538,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2002-08-15">15 August 2002</date>
|
||
. Waterfall trail,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3C78FD9BE58BBA25" box="[1354,1436,538,564]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
19029, collected by WCF on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D38CBFDC0E2A2BA4A" box="[505,693,577,603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2002-01-05">5 January 2002</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3BF0FDC0E305BA4A" box="[706,786,577,603]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
39814–17, collected by Martín R. Bustamante, Diego Almeida-Reinoso, and Fernando Nogales on 0
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3BEBFDE9E38BBA93" box="[729,924,616,642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2005-01-06">6 January 2005</date>
|
||
. Nearby scientific station,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67EA8DFF85911D3DDEFDE9E528BA93" box="[1260,1343,616,642]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
18978, collected by Diego Almeida-Reinoso and Fernando Nogales on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF85911D3AB7FD0FE45DBAB9" box="[901,1098,654,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2001-01-16">16 January 2001</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0922C0FF85911D39A5F9C4E47ABEF9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190064/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[168,1403,758,1549]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF85911D39A5F9C4E47ABEF9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1605,1768]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D39A5F9C4E10FBE4C" bold="true" box="[151,280,1605,1629]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
. Left side shows a power spectrum (top), sonogram (middle), and oscillogram (bottom) of a series of advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF85911D38A3F9E8E26CBE91" box="[401,635,1641,1664]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D38A3F9E8E26CBE91" box="[401,635,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(QCAZ 18983). Right side shows a sonogram (middle) and oscillogram (bottom) of a single long call (the eighth of the 11 long calls shown on the left, marked with an asterisk). This is an example of a call series consisting of three short calls (each with two pulses) and 11 long calls (each with 17–23 more rapid pulses). The power spectrum was measured along the entire duration of the call series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF85911E39F7F89BE363B8EE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF85911E39F7F89BE363B8EE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1818,2037]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,2003]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D39F7F89BE1BCBF22" box="[197,427,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Generic placement.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36132D8FF85911D3880F89BE1C5BF25" box="[434,466,1818,1844]" name="American Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF85911D3B6CF89BE3BDBF25" author="Lynch" box="[606,938,1818,1844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, Ecology, and biogeography. Special Publications of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch and Duellman (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF85911D3AD1F89BE4C2BF25" box="[995,1237,1818,1844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, P. (2008) New world direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D3D70F89BE461BF22" box="[1090,1142,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF85911D3C3EF89BE184BF4B" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi" subGenus="Pristimantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D3C3EF89BE184BF4B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Pristimantis (Pristimantis) myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group contains small frogs (adult females <
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF85911D3A99F8C0E414BF4A" box="[939,1027,1857,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with robust bodies, short snouts, and relatively narrow heads; limbs are short to moderately long; Finger I is shorter than Finger II, and Toe V is only slightly longer than Toe III and does not extend to the proximal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV; the digital discs are narrow and rounded; the tympanic membrane is differentiated (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF85911D3CB4F834E0C4BFE5" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D3CB4F834E0C4BFE5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">P. leoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF85911D383FF85AE187BFE5" box="[269,400,2011,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D383FF85AE187BFE5" box="[269,400,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">P. ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); cranial crests are absent; vocal slits are present (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF85911D3D56F85AE4C9BFE5" box="[1124,1246,2011,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF85911D3D56F85AE4C9BFE5" box="[1124,1246,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">P. floridus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and vomerine teeth are present. The morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B7FFF19E351B8A0" box="[589,838,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B7FFF19E351B8A0" box="[589,838,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agrees with all the diagnostic traits of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3C00FF19E58BB8A0" box="[1330,1436,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3C00FF19E58BB8A0" box="[1330,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E387BFF3FE26EB8C9" author="Lynch" box="[329,633,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, Ecology, and biogeography. Special Publications of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3BB7FF3FE37DB8C9" author="Hedges" box="[645,874,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, P. (2008) New world direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3BD4FF3EE335B8C9" box="[742,802,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), except that the tympanic annulus is relatively larger in males than in females, and tarsal tubercles are absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF86911E39F7FE8DE154BB63" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF86911E39F7FE8DE154BB63" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E39F7FE8DE154B934" box="[197,323,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Skin on dorsum shagreen with small scattered, rounded warts; upper flanks with numerous low warts; occipital and dorsolateral folds usually absent (but see variation;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E3D57FEB3E4AAB95D" box="[1125,1213,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E3DFCFEB3E4F6B95D" box="[1230,1249,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,470,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,470,1363]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190062/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">2</figureCitation>
|
||
); (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus well differentiated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E3A75FED8E383B962" box="[839,916,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); tympanic annulus sexually dimorphic; tympanum in males 6.87–10.22% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B0BFE07E250B9B0" box="[569,583,390,417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 7.99,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B9DFE03E2A9B98A" box="[687,702,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 32) SVL, tympanum in females 4.28–6.15% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3DCDFE07E51AB9B0" box="[1279,1293,390,417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 5.23,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3C47FE03E593B98A" box="[1397,1412,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33) SVL; (3) snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E3A65FE28E3B8B9D2" box="[855,943,425,451]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E3A8DFE28E3C6B9D2" box="[959,977,425,451]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,470,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,470,1363]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190062/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">2</figureCitation>
|
||
); (4) upper eyelid bearing many low tubercles; upper eyelid about 43.5–85.7% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3BA5FE57E2B2B9E0" box="[663,677,470,497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 70.2) IOD; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of the vomer evident, each processes bearing 2–8 teeth; (6) males with vocal slits, nuptial pads absent; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on Finger I and II not expanded, discs on Finger III and IV slightly expanded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E3992FDC7E0FFBA71" box="[160,232,582,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); (8) fingers lack lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles absent; (10) heel and inner and outer edges of tarsus lacking tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle oval, about 1.5–2.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3D74FDECE441BA97" box="[1094,1110,621,646]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">×</emphasis>
|
||
the length of round outer metatarsal tubercle; (12) toes lack lateral fringes; webbing absent; Toe V slightly longer than Toe III; discs slightly expanded, disc on Toe IV slightly larger than those on outer fingers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E3D71FD3BE49DBAC5" box="[1091,1162,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); (13) in preservative, dorsum brown with darker markings, throat whitish cream to pale brown with two dark brown marks on center, venter whitish cream to pale brown, groin cream, posterior surfaces of thighs cream to pale brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF86911E39ADFCB0E0FFBB5A" box="[159,232,817,843]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,470,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,470,1363]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190062/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); (14) SVL in males 12.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF86911E3B16FCB0E29BBB5A" box="[548,652,817,843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B93FCB4E2B8BB41" box="[673,687,821,848]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 14.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A3DFCB0E308BB5B" box="[783,799,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">±</emphasis>
|
||
1.013,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A4AFCB0E390BB5B" box="[888,903,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 32), in females 17.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF86911E3DADFCB0E51EBB5A" box="[1183,1289,817,843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="21.7">21.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3C2CFCB4E53BBB41" box="[1310,1324,821,848]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 19.0
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3CBEFCB0E58BBB5B" box="[1420,1436,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">±</emphasis>
|
||
1.117,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E39D4FCD9E0E2BB60" box="[230,245,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF86911F39F4FCFFE0E4B9D1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF86911F39F4FCFFE0E4B9D1" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2003]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E39F4FCFFE1D3BB86" box="[198,452,894,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E39F4FCFFE1D3BB86" box="[198,452,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from most species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3D29FCFFE4BDBB86" box="[1051,1194,894,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3D29FCFFE4BDBB86" box="[1051,1194,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a Toe V slightly longer than Toe III, a Toe V that reaches about to the level of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, and discs on fingers and toes not expanded or slightly expanded.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3ACBFC4DE4E3BBF4" box="[1017,1268,972,997]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3ACBFC4DE4E3BBF4" box="[1017,1268,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely to be confused with species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B79FC73E289BC1A" box="[587,670,1010,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B79FC73E289BC1A" box="[587,670,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3A32FC73E42BBC1D" author="Lynch" box="[768,1084,1010,1036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, Ecology, and biogeography. Special Publications of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3D78FC73E52CBC1D" author="Hedges" box="[1098,1339,1010,1036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, P. (2008) New world direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3D9DFC73E4F8BC1A" box="[1199,1263,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which contains the following species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B39FB98E3B1BC22" authority="Peracca, 1904" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1904" box="[523,934,1049,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B39FB98E2F1BC23" box="[523,742,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis festae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3BC4FB98E389BC22" author="Peracca" box="[758,926,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Peracca, M. G. (1904) Rettili ed Amfibii in viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nell'Ecuador e regioni vicine. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologiaed Anatomia Comparata della Universita di Torino, xix, 1 - 41." type="book chapter" year="1904">Peracca, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3A84FB98E560BC22" authority="Lynch & Duellman, 1997" authorityName="Lynch & Duellman" authorityYear="1997" box="[950,1399,1049,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A84FB98E439BC23" box="[950,1070,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. floridus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3D0CFB98E578BC22" author="Lynch" box="[1086,1391,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, Ecology, and biogeography. Special Publications of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3CB4FB98E1DFBC4B" authority="(Lynch, 1976b)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3CB4FB98E112BC48" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3824FBC1E1A8BC4B" author="Lynch" box="[278,447,1088,1114]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976 b) Three new leptodactylid frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Andean slopes of Colombia and Ecuador. Herpetologica, 32, 310 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Lynch, 1976b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E38E7FBC1E39EBC4B" authority="Lynch & Burrowes, 1990" authorityName="Lynch & Burrowes" authorityYear="1990" box="[469,905,1088,1114]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E38E7FBC1E228BC48" box="[469,575,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. hectus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3B7DFBC1E395BC4B" author="Lynch" box="[591,898,1088,1114]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Burrowes, P. A. (1990) The frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Family Leptodactylidae) at the La Planada Reserve in southwestern Colombia with descriptions of eight new species. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 136, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1990">Lynch & Burrowes, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3AA8FBC1E4A4BC4B" authority="(Lynch, 1976b)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[922,1203,1088,1114]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3AA8FBC1E3E3BC48" box="[922,1012,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. leoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3D31FBC1E4BDBC4B" author="Lynch" box="[1027,1194,1088,1114]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976 b) Three new leptodactylid frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Andean slopes of Colombia and Ecuador. Herpetologica, 32, 310 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Lynch, 1976b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3DF1FBC1E140BC91" authority="Goin & Cochran, 1963" authorityName="Goin & Cochran" authorityYear="1963" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3DF1FBC1E527BC48" box="[1219,1328,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3C72FBC1E159BC91" author="Goin" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Goin, C. J. & Cochran, D. M. (1963) Two new genera of leptodactylid frogs from Colombia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4, 31, 499 - 505." type="journal article" year="1963">Goin & Cochran, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3855FBE7E2B0BC91" authority="Lynch, 1981" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1981" box="[359,679,1126,1152]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3855FBE7E1E7BC6E" box="[359,496,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3B33FBE7E289BC91" author="Lynch" box="[513,670,1126,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1981) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Andes of northern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 72, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1981">Lynch, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B8AFBE7E42ABC91" authority="(Lynch, 1976b)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[696,1085,1126,1152]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhomerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B8AFBE7E362BC6E" box="[696,885,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. pyrrhomerus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3AB4FBE7E423BC91" author="Lynch" box="[902,1076,1126,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976 b) Three new leptodactylid frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Andean slopes of Colombia and Ecuador. Herpetologica, 32, 310 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Lynch, 1976b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3D7FFBE7E562BC91" authority="Lynch, 1984" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1984" box="[1101,1397,1126,1152]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3D7FFBE7E4A9BC6E" box="[1101,1214,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. repens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3DFCFBE7E57BBC91" author="Lynch" box="[1230,1388,1126,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1984) A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from southern andean Colombia. Herpetologica, 40, 234 - 237." type="journal article" year="1984">Lynch, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3CB4FBE7E36EBCB6" authority="Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1996" authorityName="Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo" authorityYear="1996" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3CB4FBE7E11CBCB7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. scopaeus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E382EFB0CE367BCB6" author="Lynch" box="[284,880,1165,1191]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D., Ruiz-Carranza, P. & Ardila-Robayo, M. (1996) Three new species of the Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from high elevations of the Cordillera Central of Colombia Caldasia, 18, 329 - 342." type="journal article" year="1996">Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3AF3FB0CE500BCB6" authority="Lynch, 2001" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="2001" box="[961,1303,1165,1191]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeniolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3AF3FB0CE441BCB7" box="[961,1110,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. xeniolum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3D55FB0CE51ABCB6" author="Lynch" box="[1127,1293,1165,1191]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2001) A small amphibian fauna from a previously unexplored paramo of the Cordillera Occidental in western Colombia. Journal of Herpetology, 35, 226 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">Lynch, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The main characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E38F3FB35E2ADBCDC" box="[449,698,1204,1229]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E38F3FB35E2ADBCDC" box="[449,698,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A33FB35E3E2BCDC" box="[769,1013,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. f l o r i d u s, P. m y e r s i,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3D02FB35E4F5BCDC" box="[1072,1250,1204,1229]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhomerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3D02FB35E4F5BCDC" box="[1072,1250,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. pyrrhomerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the absence of tarsal tubercles (present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E38C7FB5BE2E7BCE2" box="[501,752,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E38C7FB5BE266BCE2" box="[501,625,1242,1267]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridus">P. floridus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B4FFB5BE2FCBCE2" box="[637,747,1242,1267]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">P. myersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3A18FB5BE3C9BCE2" box="[810,990,1242,1267]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhomerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A18FB5BE3C9BCE2" box="[810,990,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. pyrrhomerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); these species also occur in different biogreographic areas (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F447F3FF86911E3891FA80E216BD0A" box="[419,513,1281,1307]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,499,523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,550,1536]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution of species in the Pristimantis myersi group." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0922C0FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="DF0922C0FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B8CFA80E3A9BD0B" box="[702,958,1281,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B8CFA80E3A9BD0B" box="[702,958,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3D53FA80E4DBBD0B" box="[1121,1228,1281,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3D53FA80E4DBBD0B" box="[1121,1228,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. hectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3C3AFA80E565BD0B" box="[1288,1394,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. m y e r s i</emphasis>
|
||
by lacking ulnar tubercles (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B0DFAA9E2BDBD50" box="[575,682,1320,1345]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B0DFAA9E2BDBD50" box="[575,682,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. hectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3BD5FAA9E340BD50" box="[743,855,1320,1345]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3BD5FAA9E340BD50" box="[743,855,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3A43FAA9E464BD50" box="[881,1139,1320,1345]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A43FAA9E464BD50" box="[881,1139,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3CB4FAA9E0C3BD76" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3CB4FAA9E0C3BD76" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. leoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking ulnar and tarsal tubercles (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3A15FACFE395BD76" box="[807,898,1358,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A15FACFE395BD76" box="[807,898,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. leoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and bearing low tubercles on upper eyelid (subconical tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E388DFAF4E20EBD9F" box="[447,537,1397,1422]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E388DFAF4E20EBD9F" box="[447,537,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. leoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B06FAF4E321BD9F" box="[564,822,1397,1422]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B06FAF4E321BD9F" box="[564,822,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3AEAFAF4E42DBD9F" box="[984,1082,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. f e s t a e</emphasis>
|
||
by having slightly expanded discs on outer fingers (fingers not expanded in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3BF6FA1DE335BDA4" box="[708,802,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. f e s t a e</emphasis>
|
||
), lacking lateral fringes on toes (present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3C1BFA1DE590BDA4" box="[1321,1415,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. f e s t a e</emphasis>
|
||
), and having a pale cream venter in preservative (black venter usually with cream spots in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3C2FFA43E591BDCA" box="[1309,1414,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. f e s t a e</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E39A5FA68E18FBE13" box="[151,408,1513,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E39A5FA68E18FBE13" box="[151,408,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3BD0FA68E371BE13" box="[738,870,1513,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3BD0FA68E371BE13" box="[738,870,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing pads on fingers (pads absent on inner fingers in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3862F991E1C7BE38" box="[336,464,1552,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3862F991E1C7BE38" box="[336,464,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and having slightly expanded discs on toes and outer fingers (fingers and toes not expanded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E381CF9B7E1B8BE5E" box="[302,431,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E381CF9B7E1B8BE5E" box="[302,431,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E38FAF9B7E2D5BE5E" box="[456,706,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E38FAF9B7E2D5BE5E" box="[456,706,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3A6DF9B7E3DDBE5E" box="[863,970,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A6DF9B7E3DDBE5E" box="[863,970,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking a single subconical tubercle on the upper eyelid (present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B31F9DCE265BE67" box="[515,626,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. re p e n s;</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3B4FF9DCE31BBE66" author="Lynch" box="[637,780,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1984) A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from southern andean Colombia. Herpetologica, 40, 234 - 237." type="journal article" year="1984">Lynch 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), having, in life, a translucent venter with a gray-orange hue (olive-brown venter in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E38EBF905E25ABE8C" box="[473,589,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E38EBF905E252BE8C" box="[473,581,1668,1693]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens">P. repens</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3B66F902E2F3BE8C" author="Lynch" box="[596,740,1667,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1984) A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from southern andean Colombia. Herpetologica, 40, 234 - 237." type="journal article" year="1984">Lynch 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); additionally,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3AA0F905E3EEBE8C" box="[914,1017,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. re p e n s</emphasis>
|
||
is found in páramo and subpáramo habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3833F92BE184BED5" author="Lynch" box="[257,403,1706,1732]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1984) A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from southern andean Colombia. Herpetologica, 40, 234 - 237." type="journal article" year="1984">Lynch 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B3DF92BE298BED2" box="[527,655,1706,1731]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B3DF92BE298BED2" box="[527,655,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits cloud forests.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3A90F92BE48BBED2" box="[930,1180,1706,1731]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3A90F92BE48BBED2" box="[930,1180,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E39A5F950E132BEFB" box="[151,293,1745,1770]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E39A5F950E132BEFB" box="[151,293,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. scopaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an evident tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus (not visible in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3C36F950E58ABEFB" box="[1284,1437,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3C36F950E582BEFB" box="[1284,1429,1745,1770]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeus">P. scopaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E39A5F979E17CBF03" author="Lynch" box="[151,363,1784,1810]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D., Ruiz-Carranza, P. & Ardila-Robayo, M. (1996) Three new species of the Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from high elevations of the Cordillera Central of Colombia Caldasia, 18, 329 - 342." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Lynch
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E39DAF979E134BF00" box="[232,291,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E384DF979E26CBF00" box="[383,635,1784,1809]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E384DF979E26CBF00" box="[383,635,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3AB6F979E419BF00" box="[900,1038,1784,1809]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeniolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3AB6F979E419BF00" box="[900,1038,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. xeniolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dentigerous process of the vomer with teeth (teeth absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B62F89EE2F5BF29" box="[592,738,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3B62F89EE2CCBF29" box="[592,731,1823,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeniolum">P. xeniolum</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3BD9F89FE36CBF29" author="Lynch" box="[747,891,1822,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2001) A small amphibian fauna from a previously unexplored paramo of the Cordillera Occidental in western Colombia. Journal of Herpetology, 35, 226 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">Lynch 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), lacking ulnar and tarsal tubercles (present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E39A5F8C4E13CBF4F" box="[151,299,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E39A5F8C4E133BF4F" box="[151,292,1861,1886]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeniolum">P. xeniolum</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3806F8C4E1D2BF4E" author="Lynch" box="[308,453,1861,1887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2001) A small amphibian fauna from a previously unexplored paramo of the Cordillera Occidental in western Colombia. Journal of Herpetology, 35, 226 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">Lynch 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and, in males, having vocal slits (absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3AD2F8C4E462BF4F" box="[992,1141,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3AD2F8C4E47ABF4F" box="[992,1133,1861,1886]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeniolum">P. xeniolum</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF86911E3D4FF8C4E518BF4E" author="Lynch" box="[1149,1295,1861,1887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2001) A small amphibian fauna from a previously unexplored paramo of the Cordillera Occidental in western Colombia. Journal of Herpetology, 35, 226 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">Lynch 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3CB4F8C4E0EDBF94" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3CB4F8C4E0EDBF94" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely to be confused with
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3BA7F8EDE336BF94" box="[661,801,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. g l a d i a t o r.</emphasis>
|
||
Differences between these two species are subtle, but not overlapping.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3853F813E24ABFBA" box="[353,605,1938,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3853F813E24ABFBA" box="[353,605,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has teeth on the vomers (teeth absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF86911E3D76F813E4D9BFBA" box="[1092,1230,1938,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3D76F813E4D9BFBA" box="[1092,1230,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), lacks ulnar and tarsal tubercles (low tubercles present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF86911E3B4BF838E317BFC3" box="[633,768,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">P. g l a d i a t o r</emphasis>
|
||
), and, in life has a gray groin with or without reddish or salmon hue (groin black with red-orange spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3A26FF19E3BDB8A0" box="[788,938,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3A26FF19E3BDB8A0" box="[788,938,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">P. gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3D47FF19E51BB8A0" box="[1141,1292,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3D47FF19E51BB8A0" box="[1141,1292,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">P. gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found at elevations between
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF87911F38B3FF3FE225B8C9" box="[385,562,190,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" value="2270" valueMax="2910">
|
||
2270 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF87911F38C5FF3FE225B8C9" box="[503,562,190,216]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.91" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="2910.0">2910</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF87911F3B53FF3FE41DB8C9" author="Lynch" box="[609,1034,190,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="59" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976 b) Three new leptodactylid frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Andean slopes of Colombia and Ecuador. Herpetologica, 32, 310 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Lynch 1976b; personal observation</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3DB5FF3EE51FB8C9" box="[1159,1288,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3DB5FF3EE51FB8C9" box="[1159,1288,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">P. bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be restricted to elevations between
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF87911F3B26FF64E2ABB8EE" box="[532,700,229,255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="2200.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2300 m</quantity>
|
||
. Given the importance of the Andean mountains in promoting allopatric speciation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF87911F38A5FE8DE2D0B937" author="Lynch" box="[407,711,268,294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, Ecology, and biogeography. Special Publications of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF87911F3BE1FE8DE3E4B937" author="Guayasamin" box="[723,1011,268,294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Ayarzaguena, J., Trueb, L. & Vila, C. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 574 - 595." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3A5DFE8DE3B3B934" box="[879,932,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF87911F3D32FE8DE4C3B937" author="Bonaccorso" box="[1024,1236,268,294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" refString="Bonaccorso, E. (2009) Historical biogeography and speciation in the Neotropical highlands: molecular phylogenetics of the jay genus Cyanolyca. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, 618 - 632." type="journal article" year="2009">Bonaccorso 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is relevant to note that only three species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3B02FEB3E301B95A" box="[560,790,306,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3B02FEB3E301B95A" box="[560,790,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3A9BFEB3E52FB95A" box="[937,1336,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3A9BFEB3E439B95A" box="[937,1070,306,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">P. bicantus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3D09FEB3E4B7B95A" box="[1083,1184,306,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">P. festae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3D9EFEB3E52FB95A" box="[1196,1336,306,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">P. gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) inhabit the same biogeographical region (Amazonian slope of the Andes;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F447F3FF87911F3A9CFED8E41EB962" box="[942,1033,345,371]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,499,523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,550,1536]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution of species in the Pristimantis myersi group." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0922C0FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF0922C0FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); therefore, comparisons between the new species and
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F38BBFE01E1F1B988" box="[393,486,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">P. f e s t a e</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3B16FE01E2BCB988" box="[548,683,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">P. g l a d i a t o r</emphasis>
|
||
are, likely, more important when testing the validity of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0922C0FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A" ID-Table-UUID="DF0922C0FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A" box="[151,872,499,523]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0922C0FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[151,1430,550,1536]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF87911F39A5FE72E37FBA1A" blockId="11.[151,872,499,523]" box="[151,872,499,523]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39A5FE72E11FBA1A" bold="true" box="[151,264,499,523]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3B79FE75E30CBA1A" box="[587,795,500,523]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3B79FE75E30CBA1A" box="[587,795,500,523]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF87911F39ADFDA7E4BBBDCC" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<table id="F97680E8FF876EEB39A5FDA7E581BE11" box="[151,1430,550,1536]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FDA7E581BA2C" box="[151,1430,550,573]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FDA7E19CBA2C" box="[151,395,550,573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB388CFDA7E37FBA2C" box="[446,872,550,573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Distribution</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FDA7E41DBA2C" box="[886,1034,550,573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Elevation (m)</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FDA7E581BA2C" box="[1051,1430,550,573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Source</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FDD0E581BA9A" box="[151,1430,593,651]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FDD0E19CBA9A" box="[151,395,593,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFDD0E195BA79" box="[159,386,593,616]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFDD0E195BA79" box="[159,386,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFDD0E37FBA9A" box="[446,872,593,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Central Ecuador: Amazonian slope of the Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FDD0E41DBA9A" box="[886,1034,593,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">2100–2300</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FDD0E581BA9A" box="[1051,1430,593,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">This work</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FD1FE581BAEA" box="[151,1430,670,763]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FD1FE19CBAEA" box="[151,395,670,763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFD1FE171BAA4" box="[159,358,670,693]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFD1FE171BAA4" box="[159,358,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis festae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFD1FE37FBAEA" box="[446,872,670,763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Northern and central Ecuador: High Andes and Amazonian slope of the Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FD1FE41DBAEA" box="[886,1034,670,763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">2360–4400</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FD1FE581BAEA" box="[1051,1430,670,763]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Lynch and Duellman (1980) as
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3D29FD40E571BAC9" box="[1051,1382,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F3D29FD40E548BAC9" box="[1051,1375,705,728]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trepidotus">Eleutherodactylus trepidotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
this work
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FC8FE581BB59" box="[151,1430,782,840]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FC8FE19CBB59" box="[151,395,782,840]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFC8FE16CBB34" box="[159,379,782,805]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFC8FE16CBB34" box="[159,379,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis floridus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFC8FE37FBB59" box="[446,872,782,840]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Northern Ecuador: Pacific slope of the Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FC8FE41DBB59" box="[886,1034,782,840]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">700–2000</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FC8FE581BB59" box="[1051,1430,782,840]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Lynch and Duellman (1997)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FCDDE581BB84" box="[151,1430,860,917]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FCDDE19CBB84" box="[151,395,860,917]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFCDDE19CBB62" box="[159,395,860,883]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFCDDE19CBB62" box="[159,395,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFCDDE37FBB84" box="[446,872,860,917]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">N o r th e r n a n d c e n t r a l E c u a d o r: Amazonian slope of the Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FCDDE41DBB84" box="[886,1034,860,917]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">2270–2910</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FCDDE581BB84" box="[1051,1430,860,917]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Lynch and Duellman (1980); this work</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FC28E581BBF2" box="[151,1430,937,995]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FC28E19CBBF2" box="[151,395,937,995]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFC28E17BBBD1" box="[159,364,937,960]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFC28E17BBBD1" box="[159,364,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis hectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFC28E37FBBF2" box="[446,872,937,995]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Southern Colombia and northern Ecuador: Pacific slope of the Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FC28E41DBBF2" box="[886,1034,937,995]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">1200–1780</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FC28E581BBF2" box="[1051,1430,937,995]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Lynch and Burrowes (1990); Lynch and Duellman (1997)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FC77E581BC21" box="[151,1430,1014,1072]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FC77E19CBC21" box="[151,395,1014,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFC77E14ABC1C" box="[159,349,1014,1037]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFC77E14ABC1C" box="[159,349,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis leoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFC77E37FBC21" box="[446,872,1014,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Southern Colombia and Northern Ecuador: Pacific slope of the Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FC77E41DBC21" box="[886,1034,1014,1072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">1960–3400</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FC77E581BC21" box="[1051,1430,1014,1072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Lynch and Duellman (1997)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FBC5E581BCB1" box="[151,1430,1092,1184]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FBC5E19CBCB1" box="[151,395,1092,1184]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFBC5E178BC4A" box="[159,367,1092,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFBC5E178BC4A" box="[159,367,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFBC5E37FBCB1" box="[446,872,1092,1184]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Southern Colombia: High Andes of Nudo de Pasto and southern end of Cordillera Central</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FBC5E41DBCB1" box="[886,1034,1092,1184]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">2900–3275</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FBC5E581BCB1" box="[1051,1430,1092,1184]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Lynch (1981)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FB35E581BCDA" box="[151,1430,1204,1227]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FB35E19CBCDA" box="[151,395,1204,1227]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFB35E194BCDA" box="[159,387,1204,1227]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFB35E194BCDA" box="[159,387,1204,1227]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFB35E37FBCDA" box="[446,872,1204,1227]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Northern Ecuador: High Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FB35E41DBCDA" box="[886,1034,1204,1227]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">3500–4150</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FB35E581BCDA" box="[1051,1430,1204,1227]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Lynch (1981); Stuart
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3C32FB35E522BCDA" box="[1280,1333,1204,1227]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FB5FE581BD09" box="[151,1430,1246,1304]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FB5FE19CBD09" box="[151,395,1246,1304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFB5FE13FBD09" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
P ri s ti m a n ti s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFA80E13FBD09" box="[159,296,1281,1304]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhomerus">pyrrhomerus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFB5FE37FBD09" box="[446,872,1246,1304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Central Ecuador: Pacific slope of the Andes</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FB5FE41DBD09" box="[886,1034,1246,1304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">2075–3000</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FB5FE581BD09" box="[1051,1430,1246,1304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Lynch and Duellman (1997)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FAADE581BD74" box="[151,1430,1324,1381]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FAADE19CBD74" box="[151,395,1324,1381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFAADE179BD52" box="[159,366,1324,1347]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFAADE179BD52" box="[159,366,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFAADE37FBD74" box="[446,872,1324,1381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Southern Colombia: High Andes of the Cordillera Central, Volcán Galeras</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FAADE41DBD74" box="[886,1034,1324,1381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">3150–3720</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FAADE581BD74" box="[1051,1430,1324,1381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Lynch (1984); Stuart
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3C32FAADE522BD52" box="[1280,1333,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FAF8E581BDA2" box="[151,1430,1401,1459]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FAF8E19CBDA2" box="[151,395,1401,1459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFAF8E19DBD81" box="[159,394,1401,1424]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFAF8E19DBD81" box="[159,394,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis scopaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFAF8E37FBDA2" box="[446,872,1401,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Central Colombia: High Andes of the Cordillera Central</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FAF8E41DBDA2" box="[886,1034,1401,1459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">3580–3600</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FAF8E581BDA2" box="[1051,1430,1401,1459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Lynch
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F3D56FAF8E484BD81" box="[1124,1171,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1996)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF876EEB39A5FA47E581BE11" box="[151,1430,1478,1536]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF876EEB39A5FA47E19CBE11" box="[151,395,1478,1536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF87911F39ADFA47E19DBDCC" box="[159,394,1478,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeniolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39ADFA47E19DBDCC" box="[159,394,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis xeniolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB388CFA47E37FBE11" box="[446,872,1478,1536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Central Colombia: High Andes of the Cordillera Occidental</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3A44FA47E41DBE11" box="[886,1034,1478,1536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">3300–3600</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF876EEB3D29FA47E581BE11" box="[1051,1430,1478,1536]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Lynch (2001)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF87911939F4F9CAE0E5BA4A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF87911F39F4F9CAE374BFF6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1610,2023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF87911F39F4F9CAE1FFBE75" box="[198,488,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDCCEAFF87911F3849F9CAE1F3BE75" box="[379,484,1611,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female (QCAZ 19024, SC 408) with head narrower than widest part of body; head longer than wide (head width 91.1% head length); snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views, relatively short (snout-to-eye distance 18.6% SVL), without papilla at tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF87911F3D13F919E47FBEA3" box="[1057,1128,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); in lateral view, canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly concave; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally; interorbital area flat, broader than upper eyelid (upper eyelid width 69.6% interorbital distance); cranial crests absent; upper eyelid bearing several nonconical tubercles; tympanic membrane well-defined, with dark brown pigmentation on upper third; tympanic annulus distinct, round; supratympanic fold obscuring anterodorsal and posterodorsal edges of annulus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF87911F3B76F8D8E29EBF62" box="[580,649,1881,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); tympanum diameter 47.6% eye length; two nonconical postrictal tubercles. Choanae small, nearly elliptical, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary; dentigerous process of the vomer oblique, widely separated, posteromedial to choanae, each bearing 3–5 small teeth; tongue slightly longer than wide, granular, without notch in posterior border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF80911839F4FF19E46CB9D1" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Skin of head shagreen; dorsum shagreen, with scattered small tubercles, some of which are aligned over a W-shaped occipital mark, but not forming folds; upper flanks with numerous low warts; venter slightly areolate; discoidal fold absent; anal sheath absent. Forearm slender; radio-ulna length 24.5% SVL; ulnar tubercles absent; ulnar fold absent; hand length longer than radio-ulna length (hand length 26.1% SVL); fingers without lateral fringes; finger lengths I <II <IV <III; palmar tubercle bifid, thenar tubercle oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183C5EFEB3E0B2B962" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); subarticular tubercles round, not prominent; supernumerary palmar tubercles not evident; disc cover of Finger I not expanded; those of Fingers II–IV slightly expanded; outer discs of fingers slightly narrower than Toe IV; all disc covers with nearly elliptical ventral pads defined by grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183D16FE27E47EB9D1" box="[1060,1129,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF80911839F4FE4CE3CEBADE" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36132D8FF80911839F4FE4CE116B9F6" box="[198,257,461,487]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs relatively robust; tibia length 54.3% SVL; foot length slightly smaller than tibia length (foot length 47.9% SVL); tarsal tubercles absent; no tubercle on heel; toes without lateral fringes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183C0FFE75E59FBA1F" box="[1341,1416,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); subarticular tubercles round, not prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, two times size of outer tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles not evident (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183B9AFDC0E2FABA4A" box="[680,749,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); disc cover of Toe V not expanded, disc covers of Toes I– IV slightly expanded; toes with defined pads; disc pads nearly elliptical; toe lengths I <II <III <V <IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183C5EFDE9E0B2BAB9" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[378,1209,390,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); tip of Toe V almost reaches distal border of penultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV; tip of Toe III reaches proximal border of penultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF80911839F4FD5DE543BBA6" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
In ethanol, dorsum brown with darker interorbital bar, occipital W-shaped mark, and weakly defined chevron at the level of sacrum. Upper and lower lips with dark brown bars, supratympanic stripe dark brown. Flanks pale brown with small darker marks. Dorsum of limbs pale brown with dark brown bars. Cloacal region dark brown. Groin cream brown, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs pale brown. Throat cream brown with darker marks on center (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183B7CFCF7E281BB81" box="[590,662,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,470,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,470,1363]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190062/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Venter pale brown. Most of ventral surfaces of arms and feet dark gray. Palms and soles dark grayish brown, tubercles on palms and soles unpigmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183DF5FC1CE51ABBA6" box="[1223,1293,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,470,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,470,1363]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190062/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF80911839F4FC45E185BC69" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF80911839F4FC45E27EBBCC" box="[198,617,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDCCEAFF80911838A9FC45E217BBCC" box="[411,512,964,989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(mm).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female (QCAZ 19024); SVL = 18.8; tibia length = 10.2; foot length = 9.0; head length = 7.9; head width = 7.2; interorbital distance = 2.3; upper eyelid width = 1.6; internarial distance = 2.4; eye-to-nostril distance = 1.8; snout-to-eye distance = 3.5; eye diameter = 2.1; tympanum diameter = 1.0; eye-to-tympanum distance = 0.9; radio-ulna length = 4.6; hand length = 4.9; and Finger-I length = 2.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF80911839F4FB04E4F1BD71" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF80911839F4FB04E24CBC8F" box="[198,603,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Variation in external morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristic variation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDCCEAFF8091183AA2FB04E3D5BC8E" box="[912,962,1157,1183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F447F3FF8091183DE2FB04E53ABC8E" box="[1232,1325,1157,1183]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,238,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphological variation of adult males and females of Pristimantis bicantus. Range (in mm) is followed by" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
. There is conspicuous variation in the number of teeth on the dentigerous process of the vomer (2–8 teeth), usually larger individuals have more teeth. Tympanum in males larger than in females (tympanum in males 6.9– 10.2% SVL, tympanum in females 4.3–6.2% SVL). Snout with small papilla at tip (females, QCAZ 10103, 16209, 19029). Some individuals (QCAZ 16203, 16209, 19031, 19040–2, 19045, 19048, 19051, 19053, 19057) present a series of low tubercles that form low occipital and dorsolateral folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8091183DA2FAC7E4CFBD71" box="[1168,1240,1350,1376]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,470,1362]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,470,1363]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190062/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF80911839F4FAECE556BEAD" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF80911839F4FAECE17EBD97" box="[198,361,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
The following description includes the color variation found in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8091183DA7FAECE58BBD97" box="[1173,1436,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8091183DA7FAECE58FBD97" box="[1173,1432,1389,1414]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">Pristimantis bicantus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum light to dark brown usually with an indistinct dark interorbital bar and with or without dark chevron markings; some individuals with light dorsolateral line and some with pale snout; dorsal surfaces of legs with contrasting dark and light bars; distinct dark line extending from posterior edge of eye, through top half of tympanum, to above insertion of arm; flanks light brown or gray with or without diagonal dark bars extending towards groin; uniform dark brown patch with lighter colored border on posterior surface of thighs below cloacal opening; groin and hidden surfaces of thighs gray with or without a reddish or salmon hue; venter translucent with a light gray-orange hue and small white and black speckles, especially laterally and anteriorly; iris pale yellow with dark red medial horizontal bar and orange ring around pupil (Plate 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF80911939F4F948E0E5BA4A" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,1111]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF80911839F4F948E257BEF3" box="[198,576,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Color variation (in ethanol).—</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsally, anterior half of head cream (females, QCAZ 19042, 19051; males, QCAZ 19026). Dorsum grayish cream (females, QCAZ 16201, 19039; males, QCAZ 18981, 18983– 84, 19019, 19027, 19035, 19038, 19044), pale brown (female QCAZ 19005), or uniform pale brown (female, QCAZ 19056; males, QCAZ 18994, 18997). Interorbital bar, W-shaped mark, and chevron absent (females, QCAZ 16186, 19056; males, QCAZ 18994, 18997). Dorsolateral stripes, external border of upper eyelid, and canthal stripe cream (female, QCAZ 10102, 19029, 19049, 19051; males, QCAZ 18980, 18982, 18996, 19004, 19031, 19036, 19052). Dorsolateral stripes dark gray (males, QCAZ 18994, 18997). Flanks whitish cream (females, QCAZ 16209, 19049; males, QCAZ 18981, 19030, 19032, 19035, 19038, 19044), grayish cream (female, QCAZ 19039; males, QCAZ 18980, 18983, 19052, 18984), or brown (female, QCAZ 19001). Groin and flanks brown with cream flecks (female, QCAZ 19001). Posterior surfaces of thighs creamy gray (female, QCAZ 16201; males, QCAZ 19019, 19030–02, 19035, PUCE 330, 334), or brown with cream flecks (females, PUCE 335, QCAZ 19001). Throat, venter, and groin whitish cream (females, PUCE 329, 344, QCAZ 16186, 16209, 19003, 19005–06, 19029, 19033, 19046, 19048–49; males, QCAZ 18981, 18984, 18986, 19004, 19019, 19026, 19030–02, 19038, 19044), creamy gray (females, QCAZ 16201, 19039, 19042; males, QCAZ 18980, 19052), whitish gray (females, QCAZ 19050–51), pale brown (female, QCAZ 18978), or brown (female, QCAZ 10102). Throat with no dark brown marks (females, QCAZ 10102, 19003, 19048, 19029, 19050; males, QCAZ 18992–94, 19004, 19019, 19025–26, 19030, 19036, 19038), brown with darker marks and cream flecks (males, QCAZ 18982, 18996–97, 19034), or whitish cream (male, QCAZ 18983). Venter gray (male, QCAZ 18983). Palms and soles gray (females, QCAZ 19001, 19029, 19051; male, QCAZ 19001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF81911939F4FDE9E3F8BAB9" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF81911939F4FDE9E3F8BAB9" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF81911939F4FDE9E15DBA90" box="[198,330,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8191193B1CFDE9E286BA90" box="[558,657,616,641]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193B1CFDE9E286BA90" box="[558,657,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193AF0FDE9E3F4BA90" box="[962,995,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">bi-</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning “two” and
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193DEEFDE9E53FBA90" box="[1244,1320,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">cantus</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning “song” in reference to the species’ call, which has two distinct call
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDCCEAFF8191193A9BFD0FE3FCBAB9" box="[937,1003,654,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF81911B39F4FD34E2FCB98B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF81911939F4FD34E410BAE7" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF81911939F4FD34E24ABADF" box="[198,605,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8191193856FD34E24ABADF" box="[356,605,693,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">Pristimantis bicantus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from the cloud forests surrounding Yanayacu Biological Station (0°36΄S, 77°53΄W) at elevations between
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF8191193BE6FD5DE394BAE7" box="[724,899,732,758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" value="2100" valueMax="2300">
|
||
2100 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8191193A7AFD5DE394BAE7" box="[840,899,732,758]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF8191193A83FD5DE3E0BAE7" box="[945,1015,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[453,1134,319,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[453,1134,313,1230]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of Ecuador showing the type locality of Pristimantis bicantus (Yanayacu Biological Station, 0 ° 36 ' S, 77 ° 53 ' W, 2100 – 2300 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190063/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF81911939F4FC83E264BC46" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF81911939F4FC83E23ABB0A" box="[198,557,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Ecology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8191193801FC83E23ABB0A" box="[307,557,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">Pristimantis bicantus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is one of the two most abundant frog species at Yanayacu (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8191193DD5FC83E0F9BB53" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193DD5FC83E561BB0A" box="[1255,1398,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF81911939A5FCA8E0F9BB53" box="[151,238,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the other most abundant frog;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F447F3FF8191193BABFCA8E2E1BB52" box="[665,758,809,835]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Amphibian species found at Yanayacu Biological Station (0 ° 36 ' S, 77 ° 53 ' W). Elevation refers only to the distribution of species at Yanayacu Biological Station. Abundance refers to numbers of adult females, adult males, adults of unknown sex, juveniles / subadults, and animals of unknown stage and unknown sex, in this order. Family Species Elevation (m) Habitat Microhabitat Abundance Activity Bufonidae Osornophryne 2300 – 2500 Primary forest Leaves, ferns 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 Nocturnal" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Ninety-four individuals were found at night during approximately two years of inventory work (
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF8191193BADFCD1E33EBB7B" box="[671,809,848,874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" value="2000" valueMax="2002">2000–2002</date>
|
||
), of which 65 were adults, 23 were juveniles, one was a subadult, and stage was not determined for the remaining five. Most were found in primary forest, although 31% were found in secondary forest, suggesting this species is more tolerant of disturbance than most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF81911939A5FC46E13DBBF1" box="[151,298,967,992]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF81911939A5FC46E13DBBF1" box="[151,298,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Yanayacu.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF81911938E1FC46E2C4BBF1" box="[467,723,967,992]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF81911938E1FC46E2C4BBF1" box="[467,723,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used low leaves
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8191193A91FC47E41CBBF1" box="[931,1035,966,992]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="0.0">0–80 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193D13FC4BE438BBF4" box="[1057,1071,970,997]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">x</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8191193D7FFC47E48EBBF1" box="[1101,1177,966,992]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="32.0">32 cm</quantity>
|
||
) above the ground as substrate at night (Fig. 4). Of the eight
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8191193B5CFC6CE2E6BC17" box="[622,753,1005,1030]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193B5CFC6CE2E6BC17" box="[622,753,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">P. bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females dissected to count and measure ovarian ova, the number of large ova was 13–20 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193B13FB9BE238BC24" box="[545,559,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 16.3), each with a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8191193A87FB97E454BC21" box="[949,1091,1046,1072]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.1">1.1–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193D6AFB9BE471BC24" box="[1112,1126,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">x</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8191193DB1FB97E4F4BC21" box="[1155,1251,1046,1072]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Some females also had a few to several very small ova.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0922C0FF81911939A5FB07E0EABCF2" ID-Table-UUID="DF0922C0FF81911939A5FB07E0EABCF2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0922C0FF81911939A5FB07E0EABCF2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[151,1437,1321,1984]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF81911939A5FB07E0EABCF2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1158,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF81911939A5FB07E11ABC8F" bold="true" box="[151,269,1158,1182]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Means and ranges of call parameters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8191193BE2FB07E3ADBC8C" box="[720,954,1158,1181]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193BE2FB07E3ADBC8C" box="[720,954,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2311321FF8191193AF0FB07E40FBC8C" box="[962,1048,1158,1181]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Yanayacu Biological Station. Abbreviations are QCAZ = Museo de Zoología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador;
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193DFAFB28E4C2BCD1" box="[1224,1237,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">n</emphasis>
|
||
= number of calls analyzed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8191193BF4FB7FE36BBD04" blockId="13.[151,1437,1158,1301]" box="[710,892,1278,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Museum number</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF81911939ADFAA8E446BFD1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<table id="F97680E8FF816EEB39A5FAA8E58ABFD1" box="[151,1437,1321,1984]" gridcols="3" gridrows="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5FAA8E58ABD51" box="[151,1437,1321,1344]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5FAA8E274BD51" box="[151,611,1321,1344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Call parameter</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4FAA8E3A2BD51" box="[710,949,1321,1344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
QCAZ 18983 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193A55FAA8E363BD51" box="[871,884,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 35)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DFAA8E58ABD51" box="[1071,1437,1321,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
QCAZ 18984 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8191193DE2FAA8E4CABD51" box="[1232,1245,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 167*)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5FAD5E58ABD84" box="[151,1437,1364,1429]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5FAD5E274BD84" box="[151,611,1364,1429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Recording T (°C) SVL (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4FAD5E3A2BD84" box="[710,949,1364,1429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">13.0 16.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DFAD5E58ABD84" box="[1071,1437,1364,1429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">13.0 16.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5FA28E58ABDD1" box="[151,1437,1449,1472]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5FA28E274BDD1" box="[151,611,1449,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fundamental frequency (Hz) of short calls</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4FA28E3A2BDD1" box="[710,949,1449,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">3186 (2918–3350)</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DFA28E58ABDD1" box="[1071,1437,1449,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">3134 (2939–3313)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5FA55E58ABE04" box="[151,1437,1492,1557]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5FA55E274BE04" box="[151,611,1492,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fundamental frequency (Hz) of long calls Number of harmonics</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4FA55E3A2BE04" box="[710,949,1492,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">2831 (2804–2857) 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DFA55E58ABE04" box="[1071,1437,1492,1557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">2973 (2917–3093) 2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5F9A8E58ABE51" box="[151,1437,1577,1600]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5F9A8E274BE51" box="[151,611,1577,1600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Call series duration (s)</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4F9A8E3A2BE51" box="[710,949,1577,1600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">2.7 (0.01–22.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DF9A8E58ABE51" box="[1071,1437,1577,1600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">7.6 (0.01–43.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5F9D5E58ABE84" box="[151,1437,1620,1685]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5F9D5E274BE84" box="[151,611,1620,1685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Short call duration (ms) Long call duration (ms)</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4F9D5E3A2BE84" box="[710,949,1620,1685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">153 (10–272) 344 (296–401)</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DF9D5E58ABE84" box="[1071,1437,1620,1685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">112 (5–159) 315 (239–395)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5F928E58ABED1" box="[151,1437,1705,1728]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5F928E274BED1" box="[151,611,1705,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Number of short calls per call series</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4F928E3A2BED1" box="[710,949,1705,1728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">1.4 (1–3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DF928E58ABED1" box="[1071,1437,1705,1728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">1.9 (1–6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5F955E58ABF04" box="[151,1437,1748,1813]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5F955E274BF04" box="[151,611,1748,1813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Number of long calls per call series Number of pulses per short call</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4F955E3A2BF04" box="[710,949,1748,1813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">5.3 (2–11) 2.1 (1–3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DF955E58ABF04" box="[1071,1437,1748,1813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">17.1 (7–24) 1.9 (1–3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5F8A8E58ABF51" box="[151,1437,1833,1856]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5F8A8E274BF51" box="[151,611,1833,1856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Number of pulses per long call</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4F8A8E3A2BF51" box="[710,949,1833,1856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">18.9 (16.0–20.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DF8A8E58ABF51" box="[1071,1437,1833,1856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">15.5 (11.6–17.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5F8D5E58ABF84" box="[151,1437,1876,1941]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5F8D5E274BF84" box="[151,611,1876,1941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Pulses per sec for short calls Pulses per sec for long calls</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4F8D5E3A2BF84" box="[710,949,1876,1941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">10.8 (0.6–15.2) 21.8 (19.2–26.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DF8D5E58ABF84" box="[1071,1437,1876,1941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">9.3 (0.5–13.9) 16.5 (14.5–17.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF816EEB39A5F828E58ABFD1" box="[151,1437,1961,1984]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF816EEB39A5F828E274BFD1" box="[151,611,1961,1984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Call series per min</th>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3BF4F828E3A2BFD1" box="[710,949,1961,1984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF816EEB3D1DF828E58ABFD1" box="[1071,1437,1961,1984]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">2.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0922C0FF82911A39A5FF16E58BB8BE" box="[151,1436,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39A5FF16E58BB8BE" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" box="[151,1436,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A39A5FF16E11DB8BE" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological variation of adult males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF82911A3A56FF19E45EB8BE" box="[868,1097,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A56FF19E45EB8BE" box="[868,1097,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Range (in mm) is followed by
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39A5FF3BE28CB8C0" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" box="[151,667,186,209]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
mean, standard deviation, and sampling size (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B4CFF3BE29CB8C0" box="[638,651,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A3B2CFF6CE3E1B915" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" box="[542,1014,237,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Females Males</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFE92E3EEB964" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
SVL 17.0–21.7 11.8–15.8 18.9 ± 1.1 14.2 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3D32FEB9E23CB967" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="1.0">
|
||
1.0
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFEDEE23CB967" box="[542,555,351,374]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 36
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FEDEE3D5B967" box="[949,962,351,374]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 32
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFE05E3EEB9F6" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Foot 8.0–9.5 5.5–6.8 8.7 ± 0.3 6.4 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FE2BE23CB9F6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.4">
|
||
0.4
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFE51E23CB9F6" box="[542,555,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FE51E3D5B9F6" box="[949,962,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFE74E3EEBA49" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Head length 7.2–8.6 5.1–6.5 8 ± 0.3 6.0 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FD9AE23CBA49" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.4">
|
||
0.4
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFDC0E23CBA49" box="[542,555,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FDC0E3D5BA49" box="[949,962,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFDE6E3EEBADB" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Head width 6.2–7.8 5.0–6.2 7.2 ± 0.3 5.3 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FD0DE23CBADB" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.3">
|
||
0.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFD32E23CBADB" box="[542,555,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FD32E3D5BADB" box="[949,962,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFD59E3EEBB2A" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Interorbital distance 2.0–2.6 1.7–2.2 2.3 ± 0.1 1.9 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FD7FE23CBB2A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.1">
|
||
0.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFCA5E23CBB2A" box="[542,555,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 36
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FCA5E3D5BB2A" box="[949,962,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 32
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFCCBE3EEBBBD" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Upper eyelid width 1.0–1.9 1.0–1.7 1.6 ± 0.2 1.3 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FCEEE23CBBBD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.2">
|
||
0.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFC14E23CBBBD" box="[542,555,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 36
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FC14E3D5BBBD" box="[949,962,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 32
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFC3AE3EEBC0F" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Eye-to-nostril distance 1.5–2.2 1.3–1.7 1.9 ± 0.1 1.4 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FC60E23CBC0F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.1">
|
||
0.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFB86E23CBC0F" box="[542,555,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FB86E3D5BC0F" box="[949,962,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFBADE3EEBC9E" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Snout-to-eye distance 3.0–3.9 2.2–2.9 3.3 ± 0.2 2.5 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FBD3E23CBC9E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.2">
|
||
0.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFBF9E23CBC9E" box="[542,555,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FBF9E3D5BC9E" box="[949,962,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFB1FE3EEBD11" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Eye diameter 2.1–2.8 1.7–2.5 2.4 ± 0.2 2.0 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FB45E23CBD10" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.3">
|
||
0.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFB6BE23CBD10" box="[542,555,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FB6BE3D5BD10" box="[949,962,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFA8EE3EEBD63" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Tympanum 0.8–1.4 0.9–1.5 1 ± 0.2 1.2 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FAB4E23CBD63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.2">
|
||
0.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFADAE23CBD63" box="[542,555,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 36
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FADAE3D5BD63" box="[949,962,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 32
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFA00E3EEBDF2" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Radioulna length 4.4–5.3 2.9–3.9 4.8 ± 0.2 3.6 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1FA27E23CBDF2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.3">
|
||
0.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CFA4DE23CBDF2" box="[542,555,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87FA4DE3D5BDF2" box="[949,962,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADFA73E3EEBE45" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Hand length 4.3–5.1 3.0–3.9 4.8 ± 0.2 3.5 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1F999E23CBE44" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.3">
|
||
0.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CF9BFE23CBE44" box="[542,555,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87F9BFE3D5BE44" box="[949,962,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADF9E2E3EEBED7" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Finger I length 2.4–3.0 1.6–2.0 2.7 ± 0.1 1.9 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1F908E23CBED7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.1">
|
||
0.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CF92EE23CBED7" box="[542,555,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87F92EE3D5BED7" box="[949,962,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911A39ADF954E3EEBF26" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Finger II length 2.7–3.6 1.9–2.5 3.2 ± 0.2 2.3 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF82911A3AC1F97AE23CBF29" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="0.2">
|
||
0.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B2CF8A0E23CBF29" box="[542,555,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3A87F8A0E3D5BF29" box="[949,962,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF82911B39F4F8FCE2FCB98B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1917,2020]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,152,448]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A39F4F8FCE14CBF87" box="[198,347,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Vo c al iz a ti on.</emphasis>
|
||
We recorded the calls of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF82911A3B8CF8FCE3AFBF87" box="[702,952,1917,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF82911A3B8CF8FCE3AFBF87" box="[702,952,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males at Yanayacu Biological Station on
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF82911A39A5F822E14ABFAC" box="[151,349,1955,1981]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" value="2001-01-11">11 January 2001</date>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F447F3FF82911A38ACF822E1E0BFAC" box="[414,503,1955,1981]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,1158,1182]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1321,1984]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Means and ranges of call parameters of Pristimantis bicantus sp. nov. from Yanayacu Biological Station. Abbreviations are QCAZ = Museo de Zoología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; n = number of calls analyzed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0922C0FF81911939A5FB07E0EABCF2" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="DF0922C0FF81911939A5FB07E0EABCF2">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
for details). Two call
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDCCEAFF82911A3A31F822E355BFAC" box="[771,834,1955,1981]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">types</typeStatus>
|
||
were recorded, short calls and long calls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D6ECDFF82911A3C71F822E59BBFAC" box="[1347,1420,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,259,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[168,1403,758,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[156,1431,738,1580]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Left side shows a power spectrum (top), sonogram (middle), and oscillogram (bottom) of a series of advertisement calls of Pristimantis bicantus (QCAZ 18983). Right side shows a sonogram (middle) and oscillogram (bottom) of a single long call (the eighth of the 11 long calls shown on the left, marked with an asterisk). This is an example of a call series consisting of three short calls (each with two pulses) and 11 long calls (each with 17 – 23 more rapid pulses). The power spectrum was measured along the entire duration of the call series." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190064/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males often produced call series consisting of a few to several short calls followed by many long calls. Short calls were also heard without long calls, but long calls were always preceded by short calls as part of a call series. Short calls consisted of 1–3 pulses with a mean fundamental frequency of 3134–3186 Hz. Long calls consisted of a mean of 15.5–18.9 more rapid pulses and a slightly lower mean fundamental frequency of
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF83911B39A5FE8DE10CB937" box="[151,283,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" value="2831" valueMax="2973">2831–2973</date>
|
||
Hz. The fundamental frequency was equivalent to the dominant frequency for both short and long calls. The long calls sound like a fingernail being dragged across the teeth of a comb. Some call series were exceptionally long, lasting up to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42148FFF83911B3B12FED8E27DB962" box="[544,618,345,371]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" precision="5555" value="-43.1">43.1 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Theses calls are likely advertisement calls since the males recorded were part of a large breeding chorus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF83911B3B56FE01E2F3B988" box="[612,740,384,409]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF83911B3B56FE01E2F3B988" box="[612,740,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">P. bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF83911B39F4FE26E538B9D1" box="[198,1327,422,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF83911B39F4FE26E538B9D1" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,448]" box="[198,1327,422,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF83911B39F4FE26E13AB9D1" box="[198,301,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF83911B3869FE27E225B9D1" box="[347,562,422,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="59" refString="Funk, W. C., Almeida-Reinoso, D., Nogales-Sornosa, F. & Bustamante, M. R. (2003) Monitoring population trends of Eleutherodactylus frogs. Journal of Herpetology, 37, 245 - 256." type="journal article">
|
||
Funk
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF83911B38ADFE26E1CEB9D1" box="[415,473,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF83911B3B0FFE26E320B9D1" box="[573,823,423,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF83911B3B0FFE26E320B9D1" box="[573,823,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF83911B3D27FE26E4FEB9D1" box="[1045,1257,423,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF83911B3D27FE26E4FEB9D1" box="[1045,1257,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |