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<document id="1C5A813AFBE2351D2A489823A0E66B43" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156586" ID-GBIF-Dataset="416f4827-16b9-4a1b-96e0-b5c20406b215" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156586" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459633577953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, Cunha, André Mallemont &amp; Couri, Márcia Souto" docDate="2003" docId="03DF87DD9B73FFD8013570396D5F7963" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00315.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 315" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Toxophora zikani d'Andretta &amp; Carrera 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFE6FFA59B77FFDD003D712569007A5D" masterDocTitle="Description of the pupae of two Toxophora species from Brazil (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Toxophorinae, Toxophorini)" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698204143967" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="E3FF8484242DF45CF5801FECD49BDB1B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9DC2164D33DC26B051E97712509909B5">
<mods:title id="146F9F53A734F3F82E295145B8E96419">Description of the pupae of two Toxophora species from Brazil (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Toxophorinae, Toxophorini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8B911C7D2F090D353744E4150C9F2BF1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C8F794C835664A71530875F56BF827B0">
<mods:roleTerm id="2A8C854851B2A3008E0583E6ECFEC7CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DEF6A03751736632F349D2A9CB951BEA">Lamas, Carlos José Einicker</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0E0339E008E9A12ADC0D49C410500F6F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7B5D1ED7240E8E95E8CCD34D17190D60">
<mods:roleTerm id="AD6B6E1B75F81F6F1385D1BBCF75E9A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CEDBB517F7572A50C990ADEF8880B151">Cunha, André Mallemont</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="16810D037C31B2C7F53C850DBDBFEAD1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C0C54C67DE3383D497E5CA5D189BC749">
<mods:roleTerm id="77962797C8B94C0BC385E7B5952C6041">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CA426518FEFECEFE64A60D5A3C9DF1BC">Couri, Márcia Souto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="90A5186B53C71DFB4A0DBB37DFB3298A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3E85B003E8C304825C49A637E36E5D2B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="377FCCE7E91D81F6229EFC91295CB55F">
<mods:title id="2A7E9C19AEF9D648BF4DEAC2BB41DFDD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="495D57DA6C4AAB8FC9ADE815CD00B060">
<mods:date id="5BB85AABDE290F581C34110398639D9A">2003</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="06BE748568FA207DBAD721DD6D9993DE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2611501C072CA235675DAF8790DB3863">315</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="77D2A63AF2439C079A7C9540899DA2A9" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7671B13F2B6AAA4B3DE15AE0200F4745">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FD3D75B53494AAE379CD6EA9E668664B">7</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="E3687B2DBCBAEA49B9C1B2E19946DD14">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8565BF4898DC3C6E6C5EC6EEBE7F6C09" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.156586</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8AA2BBCEE9160E27F1E740E3B0B0D781" type="GBIF-Dataset">416f4827-16b9-4a1b-96e0-b5c20406b215</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D28359EBFCBE704952BAEAE8650BA364" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="14CF342128DE4941261F995BA5CC2F2E" type="Zenodo-Dep">156586</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DF87DD9B73FFD8013570396D5F7963" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6277012" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6277012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87DD9B73FFD8013570396D5F7963" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87DD9B73FFD8013570396D5F7963" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C36C65409B73FFD90135703968747B04" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B73FFD9013570396A587B68" blockId="4.[264,856,283,345]" box="[264,856,283,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D08181A79B73FFD9013570396A587B68" bold="true" box="[264,856,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D489B73FFD9013570396A587B68" ID-CoL="57M5W" authority="d'Andretta &amp; Carrera, 1950" authorityName="d'Andretta &amp; Carrera" authorityYear="1950" box="[264,856,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Toxophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zikani">
<emphasis id="B902EAD99B73FFD9013570396A587B68" bold="true" box="[264,856,283,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B902EAD99B73FFD90135703968DC7B6B" bold="true" box="[264,476,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Toxophora zikani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3A9B73FFD901D6703E6A4F7B68" author="d'Andretta" box="[491,847,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" refString="d'Andretta, M. A. V. &amp; Carrera, M. (1950) Sobre as especies Brasileiras de Toxophorinae (Diptera, Bombyliidae). Dusenia, 1, 351 - 374." type="journal article" year="1950">d’Andretta &amp; Carrera, 1950</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B73FFD90135701A68747B04" blockId="4.[264,856,283,345]" box="[264,372,319,345]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="134D2A4E9B73FFD90135701A68747B04" box="[264,372,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[401,1239,625,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[317,1270,604,1525]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Toxophora zikani pupae: 6. Cephalic tubercle, dorsal view; 7. Cephalic tubercle, lateral view; 8. Anal tubercle, dorsal view; 9. Anal tubercle, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 6–9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C65409B73FFD8013570AA6D5F7963" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B73FFD9013570AA685E787C" blockId="4.[264,1323,399,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Pupa. Length:
<quantity id="4C8E9B2E9B73FFD9018F70AA6B0F7BF4" box="[434,527,399,425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
. Head width:
<quantity id="4C8E9B2E9B73FFD9029270AA6A0C7BF4" box="[687,780,399,425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
. Thorax width:
<quantity id="4C8E9B2E9B73FFD903FF70AA6D1F7BF4" box="[962,1055,399,425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
. Abdominal width:
<quantity id="4C8E9B2E9B73FFD9053B70AA68397B8C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, tapering to
<quantity id="4C8E9B2E9B73FFD901F270926B2A7B8C" box="[463,554,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
at width of anal segment. Coloration: light brown; cephalic and anal tubercles and dorsal abdominal chitinous rods dark brown, darker apically; setae yellowish.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0966439B73FFD90135772A6D117C14" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[401,1239,625,1478]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B73FFD90135772A6D117C14" blockId="4.[264,1323,1551,1609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B902EAD99B73FFD90135772A68B67C7A" bold="true" box="[264,438,1551,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 6–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C764D489B73FFD9018377356B7A7C7A" box="[446,634,1552,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Toxophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zikani">
<emphasis id="B902EAD99B73FFD9018377356B7A7C7A" box="[446,634,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Toxophora zikani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupae: 6. Cephalic tubercle, dorsal view; 7. Cephalic tubercle, lateral view; 8. Anal tubercle, dorsal view; 9. Anal tubercle, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B73FFD9010577586C2B7D02" blockId="4.[264,1323,1661,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Head. Armed with two pairs of cephalic tubercles fused basally to form a concave arch. Anterior spines totally fused, except at apex (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4E9B73FFD9036077806AA47CE2" box="[861,932,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[401,1239,625,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[317,1270,604,1525]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Toxophora zikani pupae: 6. Cephalic tubercle, dorsal view; 7. Cephalic tubercle, lateral view; 8. Anal tubercle, dorsal view; 9. Anal tubercle, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), eight times longer than the second pair that is situated laterally (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4E9B73FFD9029B77E86BF17CBA" box="[678,753,1741,1767]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[401,1239,625,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[317,1270,604,1525]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Toxophora zikani pupae: 6. Cephalic tubercle, dorsal view; 7. Cephalic tubercle, lateral view; 8. Anal tubercle, dorsal view; 9. Anal tubercle, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); both pairs tapering to a sharp apex. Anterior spines with three pairs of short and thin setae, the first pair on the dorsal surface, the second pair placed laterally, near its base, and the third one ventrally, near the second pair of cephalic tubercles (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4E9B73FFD901D776606B317D02" box="[490,561,1861,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[401,1239,625,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[317,1270,604,1525]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Toxophora zikani pupae: 6. Cephalic tubercle, dorsal view; 7. Cephalic tubercle, lateral view; 8. Anal tubercle, dorsal view; 9. Anal tubercle, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); an additional pair of setae is placed lateroventrally on the head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B72FFD8010570396AC57BDB" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thorax. With three pairs of setae, one of them dorsally and remaining two pairs laterally placed; prothoracic spiracle heavily sclerotized, with a dark brown coloration, raised above the surface and located immediately behind the head.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B72FFD8010570B16D37789B" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Abdomen. Segment I with a complete transverse row of thin and long setae; segments II–VIII present a similar setal pattern; dorsally the chitinous rods are randomly intercalated with long and thin setae; pleura with two, three or four strong and long setae, arranged in an oblique row and sternites with four setae, laterally placed; on the last segment the anal tubercle has two pairs of spines, the ventral one two times longer than the dorsal, in a quadrilateral pattern and tapering to a sharp apex (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4E9B72FFD8036173796AA3782B" box="[860,931,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[401,1239,625,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[317,1270,604,1525]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Toxophora zikani pupae: 6. Cephalic tubercle, dorsal view; 7. Cephalic tubercle, lateral view; 8. Anal tubercle, dorsal view; 9. Anal tubercle, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156588/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); ventral pair curved downwards (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4E9B72FFD8012C73A1685C78C3" box="[273,348,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[401,1239,625,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[317,1270,604,1525]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Toxophora zikani pupae: 6. Cephalic tubercle, dorsal view; 7. Cephalic tubercle, lateral view; 8. Anal tubercle, dorsal view; 9. Anal tubercle, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156588/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Abdominal spiracles slightly darker and more sclerotized than the surrounding area, raised above the surface and placed laterally on segments I–VII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B72FFD8010573F16D5878B3" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,830]" box="[312,1112,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Hosts.
<taxonomicName id="4C764D489B72FFD801B473F16B2878B3" box="[393,552,724,750]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
–
<emphasis id="B902EAD99B72FFD8027B73F16A3978B0" box="[582,825,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D489B72FFD8027B73F16A1178B0" box="[582,785,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Parancistrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parancistrocerus</taxonomicName>
sp.
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C764D489B72FFD8037573F16AB778B3" box="[840,951,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C764D489B72FFD803FF73F16D4C78B3" box="[962,1100,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumeninae">Eumeninae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936CB9B72FFD8010573D96D5F7963" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Examined material.
<collectingCountry id="F361765B9B72FFD8020F73D96B9F794B" box="[562,671,764,790]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, São Paulo: Reserva Biológica Mogi­Guaçu,
<date id="FFC8100B9B72FFD804E173D968457963" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1999-03-17">17­III­ 1999</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D70FD429B72FFD8016C720168B77963" box="[337,439,804,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and its puparium, Camillo, Silva &amp; Serrano leg. (MNRJ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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