727 lines
94 KiB
XML
727 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document id="5E4F66571D635B97AD124C7CF909869C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27486" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4550.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1d427a64-f8f0-48b6-a963-a652a5af4d2e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2625369" ID-ZooBank="F75EFE23-9ED5-4125-A2BC-653E648E8C9E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554277038636" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M. & Ríos, Sergio D." docDate="2019" docId="03DD7D494971AC001FD8B08EFDBCFCDF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4550.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4550 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Castnia amalthaea H. Druce 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="FFE405314970AC041F4FB32AFF9CFFCA" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Insigniocastnia J. Y. Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with notes on Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890" masterLastPageNumber="288" masterPageNumber="277" pageNumber="278" updateTime="1698717015934" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F6702FEB4C781F50A817E4678B53BFAC">A review of the genus Insigniocastnia J. Y. Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with notes on Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19E74479658F17D045167B378834D34E">Worthy, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8B3D280D71144D3CA17B7F80BE8956D">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0036351A31FBD2F2A4A9D33170E06D92">Ríos, Sergio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4FE74A6A854269B10141302EE8FF79BC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9CF8A5677DD821E1F8101B3ACBDD0DBF">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CD83C57747089535B805AB00807BA131">2019-01-24</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DD7D494971AC001FD8B08EFDBCFCDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5927793" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154535072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5927793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD7D494971AC001FD8B08EFDBCFCDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD7D494971AC001FD8B08EFDBCFCDF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
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<subSubSection id="C36E9FD44971AC051FD8B08EFD6DFAA7" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4971AC051FD8B08EFDA1FC75" blockId="1.[151,573,932,959]" box="[151,573,932,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
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<heading id="D0837B334971AC051FD8B08EFDA1FC75" bold="true" box="[151,573,932,959]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051FD8B08EFDA1FC75" ID-CoL="967H7" authority="H. Druce, 1890" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,573,932,959]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051FD8B08EFDA1FC75" bold="true" box="[151,573,932,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051FD8B08EFEE6FC74" bold="true" box="[151,378,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia amalthaea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051ECEB08FFDA1FC75" author="Druce, H." box="[385,573,933,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref6045" refString="Druce, H. (1890) Descriptions of four new species of Castnia from South America, in the collection of Herbert Druce. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 26 (310), 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1890">H. Druce, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4971AC051FD8B0C6FD6DFAA7" blockId="1.[151,1436,1004,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
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Having decided that
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051ECDB0C6FDA5FBCF" box="[386,569,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051ECDB0C6FDA5FBCF" box="[386,569,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Athis amalthaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be restored to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051CE6B0C7FB9CFBCE" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[937,1024,1005,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051CE6B0C7FB9CFBCE" box="[937,1024,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on general morphology, wing venation and the many similarities to
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051D04B73AFC3CFBE2" authority="Walker, 1854" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[587,928,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invaria">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051D04B73AFD61FBE2" box="[587,765,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia invaria</emphasis>
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Walker, 1854
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</taxonomicName>
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, we searched for more information about it.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051FD8B71FFEB3FB86" author="Druce, H." box="[151,303,1076,1100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref6045" refString="Druce, H. (1890) Descriptions of four new species of Castnia from South America, in the collection of Herbert Druce. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 26 (310), 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1890">Druce (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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does not give the number of specimens or the sex but the description appears to be from a single specimen. The only specimen that has been found is the one in NHMUK which is a female ex-Druce and matches the original description (
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<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4971AC051EE7B756FD8EFB5E" box="[424,530,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" captionTargetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype, C. amalthaea, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype, C. wagneri Le Cerf, 1911, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂, C. amalthaea, Patquia, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂, C. amalthaea, La Rioja, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype, C. minerva R. Krüger, 1926, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype, C. minerva, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?], C. amalthaea, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂, C. amalthaea, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
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); this is therefore the
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<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4971AC051C4CB756FCF9FB5F" box="[771,869,1148,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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fixed by likely monotypy. Druce only gives a brief description but writes “This species is allied to
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051D9FB78AFB9EFB72" authority="Therapon, Kollar." authorityName="Therapon, Kollar." box="[720,1026,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051D9FB78AFC3CFB72" box="[720,928,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia Therapon</emphasis>
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, Kollar.
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</taxonomicName>
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”
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051B57B78AFAE1FB72" authority="Kollar, 1839" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1839" box="[1048,1405,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="therapon">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051B57B78AFB7CFB72" box="[1048,1248,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia therapon</emphasis>
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Kollar, 1839
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</taxonomicName>
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is another species that was originally described in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051C7FB7EFFC14FB16" box="[816,904,1221,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051C7FB7EFFC14FB16" box="[816,904,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but then treated as being in
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051B80B7EEFA94FB17" box="[1231,1288,1220,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051B80B7EEFA94FB17" box="[1231,1288,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Athis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051A54B7EEFF4EFACA" author="Miller, J. Y." pageId="1" pageNumber="278" refId="ref6406" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Moth Subfamily, Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp., 218 figs." type="book" year="1986">J. Y. Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051F92B7CDFE84FACA" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[221,280,1255,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref6455" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist. Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051E6AB7C2FE5EFACA" author="Lamas, G." box="[293,450,1255,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref6337" refString="Lamas, G. (1995 b) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995b</bibRefCitation>
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); it was subsequently transferred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051C15B7C3FBCCFACA" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[858,1104,1255,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051C15B7C3FC02FACA" box="[858,926,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Imara</emphasis>
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Houlbert, 1918
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051B33B7C2FABFFACA" author="Moraes, S. S." box="[1148,1315,1256,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" refId="ref6547" refString="Moraes, S. S. (2009) Taxonomia e analise cladistica do complexo Yagra Oiticica (Lepidoptera, Castniidae, Castniinae, Castniini). Ph. D. dissertation, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 214 + VII pp." type="book" year="2009">Moraes (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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to be later corroborated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051E1EB627FDF7FAEE" author="Moraes, S. S. & Duarte, M." box="[337,619,1292,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref6601" refString="Moraes, S. S. & Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes & Duarte (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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. We have found no evidence to suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051B2EB626FB4BFAEF" box="[1121,1239,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051B2EB626FB4BFAEF" box="[1121,1239,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">amalthaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051FFBB605FE85FA82" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1839" box="[180,281,1327,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="therapon">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051FFBB605FE85FA82" box="[180,281,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">therapon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051E68B61AFE22FA82" author="Druce, H." box="[295,446,1328,1352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref6045" refString="Druce, H. (1890) Descriptions of four new species of Castnia from South America, in the collection of Herbert Druce. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 26 (310), 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1890">Druce (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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gives as the type locality only “
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<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4971AC051C68B605FCEDFA82" box="[807,881,1327,1352]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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”, there is no further information on the specimen labels so the type locality cannot be further restricted.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E9FD44971AC061F88B65DFD62F816" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4971AC051F88B65DFF73FA37" blockId="1.[151,1436,1004,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
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The search for further specimens proved fruitless until RW spotted a specimen that looked similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051ACDB652FE16FA7F" authority="in Thierry" authorityName="in Thierry" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051ACDB652FE91FA7F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
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in Thierry
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</taxonomicName>
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Porion’s collection. The specimen, from
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<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4971AC051C24B6B6FC41FA7F" box="[875,989,1436,1461]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, had been identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051BBCB6B7FEC1FA12" authority="Dalla Torre, 1913" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
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<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051BBCB6B7FA07FA7F" box="[1267,1435,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051FD8B695FEC1FA12" author="Dalla Torre, K. W." box="[151,349,1471,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6003" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. (1913) Castniidae: Subfam. Castniinae, Neocastniinae, Pemphigostolinae. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 15, pp. 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1913">Dalla Torre, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the clear resemblance showed us that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051C76B6EAFC53FA12" box="[825,975,1471,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051C76B6EAFC53FA12" box="[825,975,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051B4AB6EAFBF1FA12" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[1029,1133,1471,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051B4AB6EAFBF1FA12" box="[1029,1133,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be one and the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4971AC051F88B52DFB07F8D6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1004,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
|
||
Unfortunately,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051E3FB522FE44F9EA" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[368,472,1543,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051E3FB522FE44F9EA" box="[368,472,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a very poorly known taxon. It was originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051BF2B522FE84F98E" authority="Le Cerf, 1911" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051BF2B522FAEBF9EA" box="[1213,1399,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051A31B522FE84F98E" author="Le Cerf, F. D." pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="31 - 32" refId="ref6374" refString="Le Cerf, F. D. (1911) Description d'une nouvelle espece de Castnia. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 31 - 32." type="journal article" year="1911">Le Cerf, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051E64B506FD96F98E" author="Dalla Torre, K. W." box="[299,522,1580,1605]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6003" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. (1913) Castniidae: Subfam. Castniinae, Neocastniinae, Pemphigostolinae. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 15, pp. 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1913">Dalla Torre (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then realised that this name was preoccupied, being a junior homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051FD8B565FD03F9A2" authority="Buchecker, [1880]" authorityName="Buchecker, [" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,671,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Corybanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051FD8B565FEBAF9A2" box="[151,294,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Corybanthes</emphasis>
|
||
(sic)
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051E27B57BFE58F9A2" box="[360,452,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051E83B565FD03F9A2" author="Buchecker, H." box="[460,671,1615,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" refId="ref5972" refString="Buchecker, H. ([1880]) Systema Entomologiae sistens Insectorum clases, Genera, Species. Pars 6. Autor, Munchen, 2 + 30 pls." type="book" year="1880">Buchecker, [1880]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now considered to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051CE8B565FB2AF9A2" box="[935,1206,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051CE8B565FB2AF9A2" box="[935,1206,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Telchin evalthe wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4971AC051BB2B565FAF3F9A2" box="[1277,1391,1615,1640]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. He gave it the replacement name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051EA8B55FFD3EF946" authority="Le Cerfi" authorityName="Le Cerfi" box="[487,674,1652,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051EA8B55FFD3EF946" box="[487,674,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia Le Cerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sic).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051DA6B55FFC0CF946" author="Le Cerf, F. D." box="[745,912,1652,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="31 - 32" refId="ref6374" refString="Le Cerf, F. D. (1911) Description d'une nouvelle espece de Castnia. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 31 - 32." type="journal article" year="1911">Le Cerf (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051B45B55FFB1BF946" authorityName="Buchecker, [" authorityYear="1880" box="[1034,1159,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Corybanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051B45B55FFB1BF946" box="[1034,1159,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on one male from Misiones,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4971AC051E41B5BDFEE2F97A" box="[270,382,1687,1712]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(data below) which is now in MNHN (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4971AC051C00B5BDFC5EF97A" box="[847,962,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" captionTargetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype, C. amalthaea, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype, C. wagneri Le Cerf, 1911, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂, C. amalthaea, Patquia, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂, C. amalthaea, La Rioja, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype, C. minerva R. Krüger, 1926, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype, C. minerva, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?], C. amalthaea, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂, C. amalthaea, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Having studied the specimen, the great similarity to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051E02B597FE49F91F" box="[333,469,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051E02B597FE49F91F" box="[333,469,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. amalthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4971AC051E93B597FD90F91F" box="[476,524,1725,1749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen confirmed our suspicions about their synonymy. The fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051A7BB597FA07F91F" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[1332,1435,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051A7BB597FA07F91F" box="[1332,1435,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051E94B5CAFDAFF93D" box="[475,563,1760,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051E94B5CAFDAFF93D" box="[475,563,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051D2CB5CBFC8DF932" author="Lamas, G." box="[611,785,1759,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref6337" refString="Lamas, G. (1995 b) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and accepted as such by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051B0CB5CBFAF8F932" author="Moraes, S. S. & Duarte, M." box="[1091,1380,1760,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref6601" refString="Moraes, S. S. & Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes & Duarte (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also confirmed our opinion that its senior synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051DE3B42FFCDFF8D7" box="[684,835,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051DE3B42FFCDFF8D7" box="[684,835,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, belongs in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051B72B42FFB08F8D6" box="[1085,1172,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051B72B42FFB08F8D6" box="[1085,1172,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4971AC061F88B403FBFCFF32" blockId="1.[151,1436,1004,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051F88B403FEF4F88A" author="Breyer, A." box="[199,360,1832,1857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="233 - 238" refId="ref5943" refString="Breyer, A. (1931) Los Castniidae Argentinos. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (4 / 5), 233 - 238." type="journal article" year="1931">Breyer (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the habitat of the species is “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4971AC051CCEB40DFBF4F88A" box="[897,1128,1831,1856]" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4971AC051B38B40DFB75F88A" box="[1143,1257,1831,1856]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
” (this does not coincide with the locality of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4971AC051D4BB466FDFAF8AF" box="[516,614,1868,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
so it is not clear why he states it) and that he possessed a female, now in MLPA, from the same locality, whose figure appears in his 1931 paper. He also lists and figures a male from “Mogotes, La Rioja” which he lists as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4971AC051D05B4BEFD38F867" box="[586,676,1940,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4971AC051DFCB4BEFCDEF866" author="Breyer, A." box="[691,834,1940,1964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="233 - 238" refId="ref5943" refString="Breyer, A. (1931) Los Castniidae Argentinos. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (4 / 5), 233 - 238." type="journal article" year="1931">Breyer 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4971AC051C15B4BEFC03F867" box="[858,927,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" captionTargetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype, C. amalthaea, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype, C. wagneri Le Cerf, 1911, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂, C. amalthaea, Patquia, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂, C. amalthaea, La Rioja, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype, C. minerva R. Krüger, 1926, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype, C. minerva, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?], C. amalthaea, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂, C. amalthaea, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). This male, now also in MLPA as are all the ex-Breyer specimens, has a label “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4971AC051D52B492FD0EF81B" box="[541,658,1976,2001]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, La Rioja, Patquia” and a red label reading “Alotipus”; the localities Mogotes [Colorados] and Patquia are only about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C61BA4971AC051D8EB4F6FC9DF83F" box="[705,769,2012,2037]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="km" value="25.0">25km</quantity>
|
||
apart. Breyer thought that Le Cerf described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4971AC051A4DB4F7FAC2F83E" authorityName="Buchecker, [" authorityYear="1880" box="[1282,1374,2013,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Corybanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4971AC051A4DB4F7FAC2F83E" box="[1282,1374,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a female, so he “designated” a male in his collection as “allotipo”, a spurious designation which carries no type status. In the collection of Mateo Zelich there is another specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4972AC061C82B397FB02FF1F" box="[973,1182,188,213]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">La Rioja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, he originally had two from the same locality but the other is now in the collection of Thierry Porion. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4972AC061B5BB3F5FBC4FF32" box="[1044,1112,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" captionTargetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype, C. amalthaea, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype, C. wagneri Le Cerf, 1911, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂, C. amalthaea, Patquia, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂, C. amalthaea, La Rioja, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype, C. minerva R. Krüger, 1926, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype, C. minerva, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?], C. amalthaea, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂, C. amalthaea, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4972AC061F88B22EFD11FE4D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
|
||
Subsequently, RW found the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4972AC061D59B22EFDE4FED7" box="[534,632,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4972AC061DFDB22FFC8FFED7" box="[690,787,261,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061C73B22FFBE0FED7" authority="R. Kruger, 1926" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" box="[828,1148,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061C73B22FFC26FED6" box="[828,954,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. minerva</emphasis>
|
||
R. Krüger,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C61BA4972AC061B0BB22EFBE0FED7" box="[1092,1148,260,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.89204" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" unit="in" value="1926.0">1926</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in NHMUK (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4972AC061A51B22EFA11FED6" box="[1310,1421,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" captionTargetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype, C. amalthaea, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype, C. wagneri Le Cerf, 1911, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂, C. amalthaea, Patquia, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂, C. amalthaea, La Rioja, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype, C. minerva R. Krüger, 1926, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype, C. minerva, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?], C. amalthaea, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂, C. amalthaea, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), previously synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061EA4B202FC56FE8A" authority="Schaufuss, 1870" authorityName="Schaufuss" authorityYear="1870" box="[491,970,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="invaria" subSpecies="penelope">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061EA4B202FC95FE8A" box="[491,777,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Castnia invaria penelope</emphasis>
|
||
Schaufuss, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4972AC061CB8B202FB39FE8A" author="Lamas, G." box="[1015,1189,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref6337" refString="Lamas, G. (1995 b) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These specimens are from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061F98B267FEA3FEAF" box="[215,319,333,357]" name="Paraguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
and are a good match for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4972AC061DEFB266FC9EFEAF" box="[672,770,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061C63B267FC0BFEAF" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[812,919,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061C63B267FC0BFEAF" box="[812,919,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so clearly belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061BC2B267FABAFEAF" box="[1165,1318,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061BC2B267FABAFEAF" box="[1165,1318,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No other specimens have been found under this name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4972AC061F88B2BEFB27FC6E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
|
||
There are two very different phenotypes in this species, the more common one seems to be the one with fairly large white patches on the hindwing as represented by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4972AC061C60B29DFC0DFE1A" box="[815,913,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061CF7B292FBBCFE1A" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[952,1056,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061CF7B292FBBCFE1A" box="[952,1056,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; all the specimens from Santiago del Estero have larger white patches and both specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061C1DB2F7FC32FE3E" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" box="[850,942,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061C1DB2F7FC32FE3E" box="[850,942,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">minerva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more white still, and are also of this phenotype. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4972AC061E1BB2D5FE2AFDD2" box="[340,438,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061EABB12AFDE2FDD2" box="[484,638,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061EABB12AFDE2FDD2" box="[484,638,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents the other form which has no white on the hindwing and appears much redder; it also has much narrower forewing white bands. The specimen in coll. Zelich is also of this form. The Breyer specimen from La Rioja and the specimen in coll. Porion are intermediate, which is what led us to realise that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061E79B147FE51FD4F" box="[310,461,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061E79B147FE51FD4F" box="[310,461,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061D4AB147FDF1FD4F" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[517,621,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061D4AB147FDF1FD4F" box="[517,621,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the same species. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061CD3B146FB8EFD4F" box="[924,1042,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061CD3B146FB8EFD4F" box="[924,1042,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4972AC061B55B146FBE0FD4F" box="[1050,1148,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has only “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061BBBB146FAA1FD4F" box="[1268,1341,620,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
?” as the locality data; the “?” suggests that Druce had doubts about the provenance so it cannot necessarily be trusted and can be disregarded. All other specimens known of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061C5AB19EFC17FD07" box="[789,907,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061C5AB19EFC17FD07" box="[789,907,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
phenotype or intermediates were taken in La Rioja Province, which is the most south-westerly known area of distribution and furthest from the Brazilian border. In MLPA there is another female specimen collected by Breyer sometime later in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061B75B1D7FB00FCDE" box="[1082,1180,765,788]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Formosa</collectingCountry>
|
||
Province (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4972AC061A57B1D6FAC1FCDE" box="[1304,1373,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" captionTargetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype, C. amalthaea, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype, C. wagneri Le Cerf, 1911, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂, C. amalthaea, Patquia, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂, C. amalthaea, La Rioja, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype, C. minerva R. Krüger, 1926, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype, C. minerva, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?], C. amalthaea, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂, C. amalthaea, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), this specimen may be a male but as we have been unable to examine it we follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4972AC061CB2B00AFB08FCF2" author="Penco, F." box="[1021,1172,800,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" refId="ref6699" refString="Penco, F. (2011) Lepidoptera Argentina, Catalogo ilustrado y comentado de las mariposas de Argentina. Parte 1. Castniidae. Author's publication, Moron, 41 pp." type="book" year="2011">Penco (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This is identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061ACDB00AFF42FC97" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061ACDB00AFF42FC97" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but has a very different phenotype, being intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061CF6B06FFBCDFC97" box="[953,1105,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061CF6B06FFBCDFC97" box="[953,1105,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061BC5B06FFF4EFC4A" authority="H. Druce, 1893" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endelechia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061BC5B06FFAB9FC97" box="[1162,1317,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. endelechia</emphasis>
|
||
H. Druce, 1893
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The forewings are the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061D29B042FD63FC4A" box="[614,767,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061D29B042FD63FC4A" box="[614,767,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the hindwings are more reminiscent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061BB6B042FA09FC4A" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1893" box="[1273,1429,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endelechia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061BB6B042FA09FC4A" box="[1273,1429,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. endelechia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known to occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061E81B0A7FDA8FC6E" box="[462,564,909,932]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Formosa</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in size, it also seems to be intermediate between the two.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4972AC061F88B085FD99FC26" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
|
||
Before 2018 these were the only specimens known and all of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061CDAB085FBACFC02" box="[917,1072,943,968]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">the Argentine</collectingCountry>
|
||
ones except for the Porion one were illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4972AC061E27B0FFFD9CFC26" author="Penco, F." box="[360,512,980,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" refId="ref6699" refString="Penco, F. (2011) Lepidoptera Argentina, Catalogo ilustrado y comentado de las mariposas de Argentina. Parte 1. Castniidae. Author's publication, Moron, 41 pp." type="book" year="2011">Penco (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4972AC061F88B0D2FDE6F99A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
|
||
In
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4972AC061FABB0DDFE17FBDA" box="[228,395,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" value="2018-02">February 2018</date>
|
||
, Alejandro Borquez (pers. comm.) and Carlos Calderón collected nine males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061A4AB0D2FA07FBDA" box="[1285,1435,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061A4AB0D2FA07FBDA" box="[1285,1435,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4972AC061FF8B736FE06FBFE" box="[183,410,1052,1077]" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061EE7B736FD86FBFF" box="[424,538,1052,1077]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, doubling the number of known specimens. Borquez had been to the locality several times before but had never seen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061D38B76AFC8EFB92" box="[631,786,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061D38B76AFC8EFB92" box="[631,786,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there, the only Castniid he’d found there was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061A0DB76AFD8FFBB6" authority="(Burmeister, 1880)" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1880" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Geyeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uruguayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061A0DB76AFE82FBB6" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Geyeria uruguayana</emphasis>
|
||
(Burmeister, 1880)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4972AC061D61B74EFCF0FBB6" author="Moraes, S. S. & Duarte, M." box="[558,876,1124,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref6601" refString="Moraes, S. S. & Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes & Duarte (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the new combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061A5CB74EFE82FB6A" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Paysandisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uruguayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061A5CB74EFE82FB6A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Paysandisia uruguayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Apparently, it had been a very wet season in this area which could have triggered emergence after the moths had spent several years in the pupal form. All the specimens taken are of the form with white on the hindwings like the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061E21B7FAFE4AFB22" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[366,470,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061E21B7FAFE4AFB22" box="[366,470,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4972AC061E91B7E5FDDCFB22" box="[478,576,1231,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4972AC061D1FB7E5FD45FB22" box="[592,729,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" captionTargetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype, C. amalthaea, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype, C. wagneri Le Cerf, 1911, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂, C. amalthaea, Patquia, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂, C. amalthaea, La Rioja, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype, C. minerva R. Krüger, 1926, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype, C. minerva, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?], C. amalthaea, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂, C. amalthaea, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
|
||
), but several others were seen, one female of which was of the red (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061F80B7DEFED9FAC7" box="[207,325,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061F80B7DEFED9FAC7" box="[207,325,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) form. Although all the specimens caught were males, females were also seen and had a very different flight. The Argentinean habitat appears to be fairly open, arid scrubby areas in the Gran
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4972AC061BADB63DFAB6FAFA" box="[1250,1322,1303,1328]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Chaco</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4972AC061A76B63DFA0BFAFA" box="[1337,1431,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,859,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,844,1649]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution map of all known collecting localities of Castnia amalthaea, collected and identified as any of its synonyms. Black dots represent collected specimens, the open circle represents a sighting. Note: the type locality of C. amalthaea could be anywhere in southeast Brazil, so is not included (map prepared by Bolívar R. Garcete, MNHN Paraguay)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625373/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4972AC061FD8B616FF28FA9E" box="[151,180,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,274,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,195,1768]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. Habitat of Castnia amalthaea in the Gran Chaco, Argentina. Note that the forest is a generally open, scrubby area. (Photos: Alejandro Borquez & Carlos Calderón). Figure 16: C. amalthaea resting on leaf of Caraguata, Bromelia cf. serra (Bromeliaceae), chaco forest remnant, Departamento de Presidente Hayes, Paraguay (Photo: Sergio D. Ríos)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">14</figureCitation>
|
||
) and males fly constantly about 1–1.5 metres above the ground along animal tracks between about midday and 2:00 p.m. Females are clearly larger and fly higher, above the thorny bushes, about 2–3 metres above ground level or even higher; they also tend to fly later in the afternoon. Apparently, the larvae feed on a small to medium sized bromeliad (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061E52B68DFE27FA0A" box="[285,443,1447,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bromeliaceae" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which grows very locally in the mountains on trees such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061BFDB68DFA00FA0A" box="[1202,1436,1447,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="balansae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061BFDB68DFA00FA0A" box="[1202,1436,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Schinopsis balansae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Quebracho colorado),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061ED3B6E6FC8CFA2F" box="[412,784,1484,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Aspidosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="quebracho-blanco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061ED3B6E6FC8CFA2F" box="[412,784,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(White quebracho),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061CB7B6E7FB03FA2E" box="[1016,1183,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061CB7B6E7FB03FA2E" box="[1016,1183,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Prosopis nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Red carob),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061A76B6E7FF55F9C2" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061A76B6E7FF55F9C2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Prosopis alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(White carob) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061EE8B6C5FDD8F9C2" box="[423,580,1519,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="molle">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061EE8B6C5FDD8F9C2" box="[423,580,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Schinus molle</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Peruvian peppertree). In
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4972AC061C20B6C5FC65F9C2" box="[879,1017,1519,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" value="2018-03">March 2018</date>
|
||
Borquez also collected two males in Misiones Province, only about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C61BA4972AC061EBCB53EFDAEF9E7" box="[499,562,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" unit="km" value="40.0">40km</quantity>
|
||
from the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061C01B53FFC36F9E6" authorityName="Buchecker, [" authorityYear="1880" box="[846,938,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Corybanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061C01B53FFC36F9E6" box="[846,938,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A specimen was also seen, but not taken, at Rafaela,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4972AC061FB5B512FE5BF99A" box="[250,455,1591,1616]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Fe" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Santa Fe Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4972AC061EA5B51DFDEAF99A" box="[490,630,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" value="2018-03">March 2018</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4972AC061F88B576FA1CF8CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4972AC061F88B576FE7FF9BE" author="Rios, S. D. & Gonzalez, J. M." box="[199,483,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" pagination="43 - 61" refId="ref6732" refString="Rios, S. D. & Gonzalez, J. M. (2011) A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Paraguay. Zootaxa, 3055, 43 - 61. Strand, E. (1912) Sechs neue exotische Grossschmetterlinge. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 77 (I. 4), 98 - 102." type="journal article" year="2011">Ríos & González (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061DC6B577FD69F9BF" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[649,757,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061DC6B577FD69F9BF" box="[649,757,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might eventually be found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061B13B577FB58F9BF" box="[1116,1220,1629,1653]" name="Paraguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
since the material studied by Le Cerf was collected at Villa Lutecia, near San Ignacio,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4972AC061CF4B555FBBEF952" box="[955,1058,1663,1688]" country="Paraguay" name="Misiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Misiones</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061B7CB555FB35F952" box="[1075,1193,1663,1688]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
), close to the Paraná River. This locality is less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C61BA4972AC061EB9B58EFDA1F977" box="[502,573,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
away from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4972AC061D8DB58EFC0FF976" box="[706,915,1700,1724]" country="Paraguay" name="Itapua" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Itapúa Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061CEDB58EFB8CF976" box="[930,1040,1700,1724]" name="Paraguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
), so it is very likely that the species could live in the patches of Atlantic forest or grasslands from that Paraguayan region. This has now proved to be the case as the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061E96B5C7FDC9F8CE" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" box="[473,597,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061E96B5C7FDC9F8CE" box="[473,597,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">C. minerva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4972AC061C6DB5C6FC6FF8CE" box="[802,1011,1772,1796]" country="Paraguay" name="Itapua" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Itapúa Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
very close to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061BDEB5C6FAB6F8CF" box="[1169,1322,1772,1797]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">the Argentine</collectingCountry>
|
||
border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4972AC061F88B43AFC47F872" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
|
||
One of us (SDR) recently collected a female (Fig. 16) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4972AC061C06B43AFC2DF8E2" box="[841,945,1808,1832]" name="Paraguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
on a cloudy day at 11:50 a.m. It was flying low among plants of Caraguatá,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061D4AB41EFDF0F887" box="[517,620,1844,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061D4AB41EFDF0F887" box="[517,620,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Bromelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061DE4B41EFCD7F887" box="[683,843,1844,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bromeliaceae" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in a Chaco forest remnant associated with the salty lagoons south of Riacho Yacaré; its flight was slow and “heavy”. After a first attempt at capturing it, the specimen flew away but came back to the same plant. It is quite possible that it was trying to oviposit and the bromeliad may be the host plant. Overall, the moth resembles a miniature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4972AC061C6AB48BFC49F872" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[805,981,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4972AC061C6AB48BFC49F872" box="[805,981,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Castnia invaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4972AC061F88B4EEFD62F816" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,766,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
|
||
A map with all known records is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FD0DA4972AC061DE7B4EEFD67F816" box="[680,763,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,859,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,844,1649]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution map of all known collecting localities of Castnia amalthaea, collected and identified as any of its synonyms. Black dots represent collected specimens, the open circle represents a sighting. Note: the type locality of C. amalthaea could be anywhere in southeast Brazil, so is not included (map prepared by Bolívar R. Garcete, MNHN Paraguay)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625373/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B9CD74973AC071FD8B61DFE3EFA2D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" startId="3.[151,264,1335,1358]" targetBox="[188,1425,272,1276]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4973AC071FD8B61DFE3EFA2D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1335,1511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071FD8B61DFED5FA86" bold="true" box="[151,329,1335,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">FIGURES 1–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071E1CB612FD5EFA87" authority="H. Druce, 1890" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1890" box="[339,706,1335,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071E1CB612FD8AFA87" box="[339,534,1335,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Castnia amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
H. Druce, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs. 1, 2: ♀ holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071C87B612FBCFFA87" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1890" box="[968,1107,1335,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071C87B612FBCFFA87" box="[968,1107,1335,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “Brazil” (Courtesy NHMUK); Figs. 3, 4: ♂ holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071EC7B67DFD0FFAA6" authority="Le Cerf, 1911" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1911" box="[392,659,1366,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Corybanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071EC7B67DFE66FAA6" box="[392,506,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
Le Cerf, 1911
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Misiones, Argentina (Courtesy MNHN); Fig. 5: ♂,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071BFDB67DFA05FAA6" authority=", Patquia" authorityName="Patquia" box="[1202,1433,1366,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071BFDB67DFADEFAA6" box="[1202,1346,1366,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. amalthaea,</emphasis>
|
||
Patquia
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 6: ♂,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071D7AB65CFCB4FA41" authority=", La Rioja" authorityName="La Rioja" box="[565,808,1397,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071D7AB65CFD59FA41" box="[565,709,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. amalthaea,</emphasis>
|
||
La Rioja
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Argentina (Courtesy TP); Fig. 7: ♂ holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071A43B65CFEBCFA63" authority="R. Kruger, 1926" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071A43B65CFAE1FA41" box="[1292,1405,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. minerva</emphasis>
|
||
R. Krüger, 1926
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 8: ♂ paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071C79B6BEFC3BFA63" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" box="[822,935,1428,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071C79B6BEFC3BFA63" box="[822,935,1428,1449]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. minerva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Paraguay (Courtesy NHMUK); Fig. 9: ♀ [?],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071ACBB6BEFE9EFA02" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071ACBB6BEFE9EFA02" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Formosa, Argentina (Courtesy MLPA); Fig. 10–12: ♂♂,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071C38B699FB98FA02" box="[887,1028,1458,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071C38B699FB98FA02" box="[887,1028,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, (RW collection). Scale: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E9FD44973AC001F88B524FD0CFE67" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4973AC071F88B524FEAFF97D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1550,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071F88B524FE2EF9ED" bold="true" box="[199,434,1550,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64973AC071EF6B524FD80F9ED" box="[441,540,1550,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64973AC071D1DB524FD22F9ED" box="[594,702,1550,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
were examined for this study, although it should be noted that the sexes are difficult to separate and we have found many specimens in both institutional and private collections that have been mis-sexed. We have confirmed the sex for all specimens collected in
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4973AC071B78B57DFB29F9A5" box="[1079,1205,1623,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" value="2017" valueMax="2018">2017–2018</date>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4973AC071A52B57DFAC4F9A5" box="[1309,1368,1623,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071ACDB57DFE91F959" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071ACDB57DFE91F959" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071E06B551FE54F958" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" box="[329,456,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071E06B551FE54F958" box="[329,456,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. minerva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in NHMUK; for all Argentinian specimens collected before 2018 we have relied on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4973AC071FD8B5B5FEB3F97D" author="Penco, F." box="[151,303,1695,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" refId="ref6699" refString="Penco, F. (2011) Lepidoptera Argentina, Catalogo ilustrado y comentado de las mariposas de Argentina. Parte 1. Castniidae. Author's publication, Moron, 41 pp." type="book" year="2011">Penco (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4973AC001F88B5E9FF41FEAE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1550,2007]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4973AC071F88B5E9FEADF911" box="[199,305,1731,1755]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64973AC071E72B5E9FEFCF911" box="[317,352,1731,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4973AC071E25B5E8FE4EF911" box="[362,466,1730,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071E94B5E9FDE8F911" box="[475,628,1730,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071E94B5E9FDE8F911" box="[475,628,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Brazil, Type,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071C6DB5E8FC6EF911" box="[802,1010,1730,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">Castnia amalthaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
type Druce, Brazil?, ex Stevens, Ex. Coll Herbert Druce, 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934-120;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4973AC071CCEB5CDFB86F935" box="[897,1050,1767,1791]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64973AC071B69B5CDFBD5F935" box="[1062,1097,1767,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4973AC071B1CB5CCFB27F935" box="[1107,1211,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071B8BB5CDFEB5F8E8" authority=", Puerto San Lorenzo" authorityName="Puerto San Lorenzo" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071B8BB5CDFADFF934" box="[1220,1347,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. minerva</emphasis>
|
||
, Puerto San Lorenzo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4973AC071E79B421FEE3F8E9" box="[310,383,1803,1827]" country="Paraguay" name="Itapua" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Itapúa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4973AC071EC3B421FE69F8E9" box="[396,501,1803,1827]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Paraguay</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Type H.T.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071DCCB421FC05F8E9" authority="Kruger 1926" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" box="[643,921,1802,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">C. minerva Kruger 1926</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4973AC071CEDB421FB97F8E9" box="[930,1035,1803,1827]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Paraguay</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Type R. Krüger, 53, 77-26, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934-120;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64973AC071EB6B405FD80F88D" box="[505,540,1839,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4973AC071D6AB405FD1BF88D" box="[549,647,1839,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071DC0B405FB9DF88C" authority=", Puerto San Lorenzo" authorityName="Puerto San Lorenzo" box="[655,1025,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071DC0B405FC91F88C" box="[655,781,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. minerva</emphasis>
|
||
, Puerto San Lorenzo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4973AC071B41B404FBCBF88C" box="[1038,1111,1838,1862]" country="Paraguay" name="Itapua" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Itapúa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4973AC071B2BB405FB51F88D" box="[1124,1229,1839,1863]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Paraguay</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Type P.T., Einige Cotype R. Krüger, 54, 77-26, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934-120 (NHMUK);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64973AC071B60B479FBCEF8A1" box="[1071,1106,1875,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Laguna Capitán,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4973AC071A67B478FF7CF845" country="Paraguay" name="Presidente Hayes" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Presidente Hayes</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4973AC071FA4B45DFEC8F845" box="[235,340,1911,1935]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Paraguay</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4973AC071E10B45DFE49F845" box="[351,469,1911,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" value="2017-05-13">13.V.2017</date>
|
||
, Col. S. D. Ríos (MNHNPY);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3638CCF4973AC071C64B45DFC4FF845" box="[811,979,1911,1935]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64973AC071C91B45DFB9CF845" box="[990,1024,1911,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4973AC071B47B45CFBECF845" box="[1032,1136,1910,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071B38B45DFAC0F845" authority=", Republ." authorityName="Republ." box="[1143,1372,1910,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Corybanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4973AC071B38B45DFB6FF844" box="[1143,1267,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">C. wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
, Républ.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[ique] Argentine (Missions) Envir[ons]. de San Ignacio, Bords du Haut Parana, 1910, E.R. Wagner, Muséum de Paris,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4973AC071FD8B494FF63F81D" box="[151,255,1982,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
[red label], 7:2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4973AC071EF1B494FC2CF81D" authority="Le Cerf Rev. Chil. de Hist." box="[446,944,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">Castnia wagneri Le Cerf Rev. Chil. de Hist.</taxonomicName>
|
||
nat., 1911, vol. 15, p. 31 (P. Viette 8.1955) (MNHN);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001E5FB3B2FEA8FF7A" box="[272,308,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Coll. Breyer, Rep. Argentina, [La Rioja], Patquia, no date, Alotipus [red label];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001B94B3B2FB62FF7A" box="[1243,1278,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4974AC001A40B3BDFF7EFF1E" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Rio Salado, no date, Wagner Leg.;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001DDAB396FD2BFF1E" box="[661,695,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
[?], Argentina,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4974AC001C38B397FC40FF1E" box="[887,988,189,212]" country="Argentina" name="Formosa" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Formosa</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Gran Guardia,
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4974AC001BD3B396FB61FF1F" box="[1180,1277,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" value="1952-11">XI-1952</date>
|
||
, Coll. Breyer (MLPA);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001E47B3CAFEB7FF32" box="[264,299,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, La Rioja, Mascasín,
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4974AC001D7CB3F5FD35FF32" box="[563,681,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" value="1960-03-02">2-III-1960</date>
|
||
, Leg. M. Zelich (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001C31B3F5FBA7FF32" box="[894,1083,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">Castnia wagneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (MZ);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001BD1B3CAFB5FFF32" box="[1182,1219,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001B9BB3F5FA96FF32" box="[1236,1290,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">idem</emphasis>
|
||
(TP);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001A12B3CAFA04FF32" box="[1373,1432,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Laprida, Choya,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B002BD4974AC001E17B22EFDA5FED6" box="[344,569,260,285]" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Argentina,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C61BA4974AC001D88B22EFCD6FED7" box="[711,842,260,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" unit="m" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30-50 masl</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4974AC001C17B22EFC33FED6" box="[856,943,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" value="2018-02">II-2018</date>
|
||
, Leg. A. Borquez (DC);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001B9EB22EFA97FED7" box="[1233,1291,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="male">5♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001A56B22EFAD3FED7" box="[1305,1359,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">idem</emphasis>
|
||
(MS);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001FD8B202FF4EFE8A" box="[151,210,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001F90B20DFE89FE8A" box="[223,277,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">idem</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7207D64974AC001E69B202FEFDFE8A" box="[294,353,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Route 105, Pindapoy Grande, Misiones, Argentina,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C61BA4974AC001C8CB20DFBFDFE8A" box="[963,1121,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100-150 masl</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCAEA9F4974AC001B20B202FB53FE8A" box="[1135,1231,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" value="2018-03">III-2018</date>
|
||
, Leg. A. Borquez (RW).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4974AC001F88B245FD0CFE67" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001E0EB25AFE5EFE42" box="[321,450,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001E0EB25AFE04FE4D" authority="Worthy & González & Ríos, 2019" authorityName="Worthy & González & Ríos" authorityYear="2019" box="[321,408,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Castnia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A233AD364974AC001ED1B25BFE5EFE42" box="[414,450,369,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
will be dealt with in a future paper where more detail will be given about these taxa, but the synonymy for the species is given below:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E9FD44974AC001FD8B2F7FE2FFD3A" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4974AC001FD8B2F7FCE1FD62" blockId="4.[151,1157,476,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001FD8B2F7FE3FFE3E" ID-CoL="924QQ" authority="Fabricius, 1807" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,419,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001FD8B2F7FF73FE3E" box="[151,239,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1807
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF72FD4974AC001EFDB2F6FE78FE3E" box="[434,484,476,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001D05B2F6FC17FE3F" authority="Cramer, 1775" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[586,907,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001D05B2F6FD76FE3E" box="[586,746,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Papilio icarus</emphasis>
|
||
Cramer, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001FE0B2D5FE77FDD2" ID-CoL="967H7" authority="(H. Druce, 1890)" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[175,491,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001FE0B2D5FEB9FDD2" box="[175,293,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4974AC001E7AB12AFE7FFDD2" author="Druce, H." box="[309,483,512,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref6045" refString="Druce, H. (1890) Descriptions of four new species of Castnia from South America, in the collection of Herbert Druce. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 26 (310), 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1890">H. Druce, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001EBDB2D5FDE9FDD2" bold="true" box="[498,629,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">comb. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001F8AB10EFE37FDF7" box="[197,427,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">amalthaea—Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001EFDB10EFD40FDF6" ID-CoL="967H7" authority="H. Druce, 1890" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1890" box="[434,732,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001EFDB10EFDB4FDF7" box="[434,552,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">amalthaea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4974AC001D60B10FFD40FDF6" author="Druce, H." box="[559,732,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref6045" refString="Druce, H. (1890) Descriptions of four new species of Castnia from South America, in the collection of Herbert Druce. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 26 (310), 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1890">H. Druce, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001FAEB162FE31FD95" box="[225,429,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">wagneri—Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001EFBB163FD2EFDAA" authority="Le Cerf, 1911" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1911" box="[436,690,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001EFBB163FD8CFDAA" box="[436,528,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4974AC001D59B162FD2EFDAA" author="Le Cerf, F. D." box="[534,690,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="31 - 32" refId="ref6374" refString="Le Cerf, F. D. (1911) Description d'une nouvelle espece de Castnia. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 31 - 32." type="journal article" year="1911">Le Cerf, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JH of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001C49B163FBA5FDAA" authority="Buchecker, [1880]" authorityName="Buchecker" authorityYear="1880" box="[774,1081,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001C49B163FCFEFDAA" box="[774,866,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">wagneri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4974AC001C26B16DFBA5FDAA" author="Buchecker, H." box="[873,1081,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5972" refString="Buchecker, H. ([1880]) Systema Entomologiae sistens Insectorum clases, Genera, Species. Pars 6. Autor, Munchen, 2 + 30 pls." type="book" year="1880">Buchecker, [1880]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (JSS)
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001FAEB146FE05FD4F" box="[225,409,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">lecerfi—Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001ED0B146FD28FD4E" authority="Dalla Torre, 1913" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1913" box="[415,692,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecerfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001ED0B146FE7AFD4F" box="[415,486,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">lecerfi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5B1AE4974AC001EA1B146FD28FD4E" author="Dalla Torre, K. W." box="[494,692,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6003" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. (1913) Castniidae: Subfam. Castniinae, Neocastniinae, Pemphigostolinae. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 15, pp. 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1913">Dalla Torre, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JSS)
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001DB1B146FCFAFD4F" bold="true" box="[766,870,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001FAEB1BAFE31FD6D" box="[225,429,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">minerva—Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74B7DC4974AC001EFBB1BBFD57FD62" ID-CoL="967KV" authority="R. Kruger, 1926" authorityName="R. Kruger" authorityYear="1926" box="[436,715,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001EFBB1BBFD8CFD62" box="[436,528,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">minerva</emphasis>
|
||
R. Krüger, 1926
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JSS)
|
||
<emphasis id="B900104D4974AC001C59B1A5FCE1FD62" bold="true" box="[790,893,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4974AC001FD8B1F2FE2FFD3A" blockId="4.[151,544,727,789]" box="[151,435,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">JH Junior homonym</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E9FD44974AC001FD8B1D6FDBCFCDF" box="[151,544,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBCC5F4974AC001FD8B1D6FDBCFCDF" blockId="4.[151,544,727,789]" box="[151,544,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">JSS Junior subjective synonym</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |