423 lines
64 KiB
XML
423 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="EE4F7CADC09E1017EC95FBECAE55DF5B" ID-CLB-Dataset="30589" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4388.4.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fa16abd7-48fe-46de-8feb-1b3fcc26f8cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1189146" ID-ZooBank="68164D01-A985-4B29-AB0E-DDED9F864CB0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520320191149" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pansare, Pratik P., Ghate, Hemant V. & Webb, Mick" docDate="2018" docId="03CFEC6DFFFE281351EAF8E21279FE76" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4388.4.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4388 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ploiaria anak Distant 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="565" masterDocId="FFF69415FFFF281B517DFFE81737FFDB" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the thread-legged assassin bug Ploiaria anak (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from India, with notes on its biology" masterLastPageNumber="566" masterPageNumber="557" pageNumber="558" updateTime="1698528402330" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="08EB0469C350C02150BCD2AA9BA80DBB">Redescription of the thread-legged assassin bug Ploiaria anak (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from India, with notes on its biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A525D8B4EE2A3A35743760E96A13F8A">Pansare, Pratik P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2F67C1A510B109C9E61CCBB0CD11D94">Ghate, Hemant V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C0395E4CF79B9E2AEE657FB6BCA6D0B">Webb, Mick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="008E0C3418F9B073B92469807DC9F240">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DF2E6EFDDDFDF08B273B7AEFBEFCE752">
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<mods:date id="C6E2F2A921DA3A2D71991B4F8B1537B7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="26050CFDECEECE6E89FB74A34EC958B0">2018-03-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E3644650BCA517FD3D529318C1D12DF6">4388</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CFEC6DFFFE281351EAF8E21279FE76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5974412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141280914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5974412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CFEC6DFFFE281351EAF8E21279FE76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CFEC6DFFFE281351EAF8E21279FE76" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<subSubSection id="C37C0EF0FFFE281A51EAF8E216DFF8FE" box="[151,488,1802,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFE281A51EAF8E216DFF8FE" blockId="1.[151,488,1802,1829]" box="[151,488,1802,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<heading id="D091EA17FFFE281A51EAF8E216DFF8FE" bold="true" box="[151,488,1802,1829]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFE281A51EAF8E216DFF8FE" ID-CoL="6W3MP" authority="Distant, 1909" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,488,1802,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFE281A51EAF8E216DFF8FE" bold="true" box="[151,488,1802,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFE281A51EAF8E2160AF8FF" bold="true" box="[151,317,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Ploiaria anak</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFFE281A503EF8E316DFF8FE" box="[323,488,1803,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref4554" refString="Distant, W. L. (1909) Oriental Rhynchota Heteroptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 3, 491 - 507. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692615" type="journal article">Distant, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C0EF0FFFE281A51EAF8B914FFF818" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFE281A51EAF8B914C6F8BC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1873,1987]" box="[151,1009,1873,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0E5726FFFE281A51EAF8B914C6F8BC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828997658" box="[151,1009,1873,1895]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="Lucknow" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB767A55FFFE281A51EAF8B914C6F8BC" box="[151,1009,1873,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFE281A51EAF8B916DBF8BC" authority="Distant, 1909: 505" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="505" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,492,1873,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFE281A51EAF8B91610F8BC" box="[151,295,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Ploearia anak</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC77B6AFFFE281A5050F8B916DBF8BC" author="" box="[301,492,1873,1895]" page="505" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFFE281A5050F8B9168DF8BC" box="[301,442,1873,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref4554" refString="Distant, W. L. (1909) Oriental Rhynchota Heteroptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 3, 491 - 507. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692615" type="journal article">Distant, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 505
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54DDE3D9FFFE281A5088F8B9157FF8BC" box="[501,584,1873,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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(s):
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<collectingCountry id="F3711DEBFFFE281A530AF8B9159AF8BC" box="[631,685,1873,1895]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8EB90BA0FFFE281A53CAF8B9142DF8BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CFEC6DFFFE281351EAF8E21279FE76:8EB90BA0FFFE281A53CAF8B9142DF8BC" box="[695,794,1873,1895]" country="India" name="Lucknow" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Lucknow</location>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED77C5BEFFFE281A5259F8BA1447F8BC" box="[804,880,1874,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">BMNH</collectionCode>
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(examined).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFE281A51EAF898140DF85D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1873,1987]" box="[151,826,1904,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFE281A51EAF8981579F85D" authority=": Distant (1910: 180, Fig. 99)" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,590,1904,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFE281A51EAF8981610F85D" box="[151,295,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Ploearia anak</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFFE281A5049F8981579F85D" box="[308,590,1904,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref4593" refString="Distant, W. L. (1910) The Fauna of British India, Rhynchota. Vol V. Heteroptera Appendix. Taylor and Francis, London, 362 pp." type="book">Distant (1910: 180, Fig. 99)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(redescription, figure).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFE281A51EAF86614FFF818" blockId="1.[151,1436,1873,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFE281A51EAF866154CF87F" ID-CoL="6W3MP" authority=": Wygodzinsky (1966: 165, 168)" authorityName=": Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,635,1934,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFE281A51EAF8661611F87F" box="[151,294,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Ploiaria anak</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFFE281A504AF866154CF87F" box="[311,635,1934,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref5135" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. (1966) A monograph of the Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 133, 1 - 614." type="journal article">Wygodzinsky (1966: 165, 168)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in key, records, distribution), Maldonado Capriles (1995: 109) (catalogue),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFFE281A51BAF845165FF818" box="[199,360,1965,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref4480" refString="Ambrose, D. P. (2006) A checklist of Indian assassin bugs (Insects: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) with taxonomic status, distribution and diagnostic morphological characteristics. Zoos' Print Journal, 21 (9), 2388 - 2406. Available from: http: // www. zoosprint. org / ZooPrintJournal / 2006 / September / 2406 sup. pdf (Accessed 5 Mar. 2018)" type="journal article">Ambrose (2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 2396, supplement 5) (checklist),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFFE281A53BDF845145CF818" box="[704,875,1965,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref4823" refString="Redei, D. (2008) A new species of Ploiaria (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 56 (1), 11 - 15." type="journal article">Rédei (2008: 15)</bibRefCitation>
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(in key).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C0EF0FFFD281951EAFF7F1629FE5C" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951EAFF7F12A1FF2C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281951EAFF7F1578FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,591,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Type material examined. Lectotype</emphasis>
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(here designated): male, [India, Uttar Pradesh:], “Aitken / Lucknow”, “
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<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFD281951DDFF5317CAFF0F" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[160,253,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ploearia</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFD28195058FF53166DFF0F" authorityName=": Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1966" box="[293,346,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">anak</taxonomicName>
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/ Type Dist.”, “Distant Coll. / B.M.1911-383”, “Type” [disc with red margin] (
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<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD28195449FF5312A7FF0F" box="[1332,1424,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–26. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909. Fig. 24, lectotype (male); Fig. 25, paralectotype (female); Fig. 26, a non-type male from Godhra, Gujarat, India, deposited in CASC, and its labels. Figs. 24–25 © BMNH, Figs. 26 © CASC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189156/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281951EAFF37160DFF23" bold="true" box="[151,314,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Paralectotype</emphasis>
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: female, with similar locality and collection label (
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<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD28195216FF37148AFF23" box="[875,957,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–26. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909. Fig. 24, lectotype (male); Fig. 25, paralectotype (female); Fig. 26, a non-type male from Godhra, Gujarat, India, deposited in CASC, and its labels. Figs. 24–25 © BMNH, Figs. 26 © CASC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189156/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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). Both specimens are deposited in BMNH.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951BAFEEB1629FE5C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281951BAFEEB1578FEC7" bold="true" box="[199,591,259,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F3711DEBFFFD28195327FEEB15AFFEC7" box="[602,664,259,284]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">India</collectingCountry>
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: Pune District, Daund,
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<date id="FFD87BBBFFFD281952D7FEEB1336FEC7" box="[938,1025,259,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2016-06">vi.2016</date>
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, leg. P. Pansare (
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||
<specimenCount id="9D6096F2FFFD281955B2FEEB1202FEC7" box="[1231,1333,259,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, Modern College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Shivajinagar, Pune); same but
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<date id="FFD87BBBFFFD281952C7FECE132AFEE4" box="[954,1053,294,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2016-08">viii.2016</date>
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||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6096F2FFFD2819554FFECF13A2FEE4" box="[1074,1173,294,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, same depository); one male and one female from the same locality but
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<date id="FFD87BBBFFFD281953C5FEA21421FEB8" box="[696,790,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2016-12">xii.2016</date>
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||
, found trapped in spider web (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6096F2FFFD2819550CFEA3138CFEB8" box="[1137,1211,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6096F2FFFD2819558FFEA31260FEB8" box="[1266,1367,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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||
, same depository).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C0EF0FFFD281D51BAFE7A13FAFE2F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951BAFE7A1687FD13" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281951BAFE7A1643FE70" bold="true" box="[199,372,402,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Redescription.</emphasis>
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Female.
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<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281950A6FE7A155BFE70" bold="true" box="[475,620,402,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Colouration</emphasis>
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: Ground colour of body pale ochraceous, with a pattern of pale brown to dark brown longitudinal bands or patches on head, thorax, legs and abdomen dorsally and laterally. Ventral colouration mostly pale on head and thorax. Fore legs ochraceous, with brown patches on coxa and femur, not extending to ventral side; tarsus pale except extreme apex; spiniform processes of anteroventral row on fore femur completely black including their bases, those of posteroventral row pale with only a narrow black ring at base, set on a pale brown base; mid and hind legs uniformly brownish except femoro-tibial articulations which are pale, femora darker than corresponding tibiae, tarsi very pale. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally partly reddish, with brown patches on tergites; connexivum pale with some brown patches; longitudinal brownish bands present ventrally beyond middle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951BAFD3B153AFCA0" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Anteocular part of head with a pair of dark lateral bands with black tubercles, median area with colourless fine granules, eyes dark black. Antennae dark brown, base and apex of segment I pale, segment II darker except pale apex, segments III and IV pale. Postocular part of head with a median ochraceous band and lateral brownish areas with dark tubercles. Head beneath pale, smooth and shining. Labium with second visible segment laterally brown, third visible segment pale brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951BAFC6F1494FBF5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Pronotum with a broad, median, ochraceous band, lateral area pale brown with dark brown granules at few places; with a pair of ochraceous spots laterally on each side near anterior margin; prosternum pale cream with a few brown specks laterally and in front of fore coxae. Meso- and metanota with thin, median ochraceous line and one broad line of similar colour on either side, rest area dark brown. Mesosternum pale cream; metasternum (and some part just anterior to mid coxae) pale brown, with median carina.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951BAFBD11339FAB4" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281951BAFBD1160FFB89" bold="true" box="[199,312,1081,1106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD28195030FBD116BDFB89" box="[333,394,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD281950E2FBD11526FB89" box="[415,529,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD2819535EFBD11506FB8A" box="[547,561,1081,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">8</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate oval, both anteocular and postocular parts distinctly tumescent dorsally, rounded laterally, granulate. Antenniferous tubercles situated dorsally; clypeus and mandibular plates sloping anteriad and projecting beyond antenniferous tubercles, clypeus slightly more prominent than mandibular plates. Clypeus and mandibular plates finely granular, granules on disc of anteocular area small and colourless, those on lateral area coarser and darker. Transverse interocular sulcus prominent, eyes large. Posteriormost part of head forming a short, almost parallel-sided neck. Antennae thin and long, first and second joints subequal in length, third and fourth considerably shorter. Ventral surface of head smooth and shining. Labium with first two visible segments moderately swollen, third visible segment narrowed, slightly curved, sharp at tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD281955EBFADB13EEFA90" box="[1174,1241,1331,1356]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), extending up to base of fore coxae, resting on prosternal groove which has fine transverse stria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951BAFA9216D6F90F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281951BAFA92162FFA48" box="[199,280,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD28195055FA9216A2FA48" box="[296,405,1402,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD281950DEFA9316E8FA48" box="[419,479,1403,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
): Pronotum broad anteriorly, gradually narrowed posteriorly, posterior fourth almost parallel-sided, median area very finely, lateral part more coarsely granulate. Anterior margin straight behind head, anterior corner slightly elevated and rounded. Mesonotum narrowed anteriorly, gradually dilated posteriorly, dorsomedian part finely granulate, with a fine median sulcus which is distinct in posterior third of segment. Dorsolateral part demarcated by a distinct carina or raised margin along its entire length, area laterad to this carina with large granules. Metanotum subquadrate with fine median longitudinal sulcus, finely granulate dorsomedially, lateral area with larger granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD28195364F9B915AFF9B2" box="[537,664,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pro- and mesosterna medially almost smooth, shining, with very scattered fine granules; metasternum medially finely granulate and with a distinct carina between mid and hind coxae; mid and hind coxae oblong, shining and smooth. Prothoracic acetabula directed forward; hind coxae closer to each other than mid coxae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFD281951BAF9091457F828" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFD281951BAF90917CBF923" box="[199,252,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Fore legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD281950F7F93716CEF923" box="[394,505,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD2819537AF9081515F923" box="[519,546,1760,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">11</figureCitation>
|
||
) robust. Fore coxae moderately long, shorter than fore femur, unarmed; fore trochanter thick, armed with a long process (4–5 times as long as its width at base) provided with a small apical spine and also with a very small spine on its inner face. Fore femur slightly broader in proximal half than distally, longer than coxae, with an anteroventral and a posteroventral row of spiniform processes; posteroventral row with about 6 longer, elevated and several minute, wart-like processes, each with a short apical spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFD281955B7F886122CF85C" box="[1226,1307,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore tibia shorter than fore femur, more or less straight, its apical portion slightly dilated and bent, with few small setae and fine tubercles in proximal half and short spiniform processes in distal half, apex with a tuft of stiff setae ventrally; tarsus three-segmented, segment I longest, segment III shortest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF190DF3FFFC281851EAF87013B7F830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="560" startId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" targetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFC281851EAF87013B7F830" blockId="3.[151,1436,1943,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFC281851EAF870140CF875" bold="true" box="[151,827,1943,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="560">
|
||
FIGURES 1–7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFC28185042F87F1554F875" authority="Distant, 1909" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[319,611,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFC28185042F87F16F9F875" bold="true" box="[319,462,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="560">Ploiaria anak</emphasis>
|
||
Distant, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Daund, Pune.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF190DF3FFFB281F51EAF84312ABF83B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" startId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" targetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFB281F51EAF84312ABF83B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1962,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFB281F51EAF843130EF81A" bold="true" box="[151,1081,1962,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
|
||
FIGURES 8–12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFB281F502FF8421549F81A" authority="Distant, 1909" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[338,638,1962,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFB281F502FF84216D4F81A" bold="true" box="[338,483,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Ploiaria anak</emphasis>
|
||
Distant, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF190DF3FFFA281E51EAFB2A1669FACE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" startId="5.[151,264,1218,1240]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1197]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFA281E51EAFB2A1669FACE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1217,1301]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E51EAFB2A14FBFB03" bold="true" box="[151,972,1217,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
FIGURES 13–17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFA281E5027FB291548FB03" authority="Distant, 1909" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[346,639,1217,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E5027FB2916DEFB03" bold="true" box="[346,489,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Ploiaria anak</emphasis>
|
||
Distant, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Daund, Pune; abdomen.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Figs. 13–14, female terminalia in ventral and lateral views, respectively; Fig. 15, female abdomen cut open to reveal eggs; Figs. 16–17, male abdomen in dorsal and ventral views, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFA281E51BAFAD41364F9D2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1340,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E51BAFAD41606FA8E" box="[199,305,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E503CFAD416A5FA8E" box="[321,402,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E50DDFAD416D0FA8E" box="[416,487,1340,1365]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1218,1240]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" captionText-1="FIGURES 13–17. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; abdomen. Figs. 13–14, female terminalia in ventral and lateral views, respectively; Fig. 15, female abdomen cut open to reveal eggs; Figs. 16–17, male abdomen in dorsal and ventral views, respectively." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1189152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">12–15</figureCitation>
|
||
) with basal fifth narrow and parallel-sided, beyond which laterally dilated, broadly oval and dorsally convex, and again narrowed towards posterior tip; abdomen six times broader at its widest place than basally. Segment I with lateral angular projection on either side; segment II gradually dilated posteriorly; segments III–V successively broader, again narrowed from segment VI onwards. Entire dorsal surface very finely granulate, ventral surface finely granulate and sculptured; ventral intersegmental sutures indistinct; spiracles very small, situated on ventral laterotergites, surrounded by fine white border (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E52B2FA18132CF9D2" box="[975,1051,1520,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[169,1417,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; SEM micrographs. Fig. 8, head, lateral view; Fig. 9, meso- and metanota; Fig. 10, same, higher magnification; Fig. 11, fore legs; Figs. 12, elevated spiracle (marked with red arrow)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189150/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Fig 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E555AFA191371F9D2" box="[1063,1094,1521,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1218,1240]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; abdomen. Figs. 13–14, female terminalia in ventral and lateral views, respectively; Fig. 15, female abdomen cut open to reveal eggs; Figs. 16–17, male abdomen in dorsal and ventral views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFA281E51BAF9FD1553F9F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1340,2014]" box="[199,612,1557,1582]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E51BAF9FD16A0F9F5" box="[199,407,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E50A4F9FD1557F9F6" box="[473,608,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1218,1240]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; abdomen. Figs. 13–14, female terminalia in ventral and lateral views, respectively; Fig. 15, female abdomen cut open to reveal eggs; Figs. 16–17, male abdomen in dorsal and ventral views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Figs. 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFA281E51BAF9D01221F98A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1340,2014]" box="[199,1302,1592,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
Male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E5073F9D01691F98A" bold="true" box="[270,422,1592,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour only slightly different to female, especially ventrally (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E55F4F9D0123DF98A" box="[1161,1290,1592,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1218,1240]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; abdomen. Figs. 13–14, female terminalia in ventral and lateral views, respectively; Fig. 15, female abdomen cut open to reveal eggs; Figs. 16–17, male abdomen in dorsal and ventral views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFA281E51BAF9B514F3F9AD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1340,2014]" box="[199,964,1629,1654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E51BAF9B51608F9AD" bold="true" box="[199,319,1629,1654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Structure.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E503BF9B51687F9AD" box="[326,432,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
slightly narrower than in female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E5250F9B51480F9AD" box="[813,951,1629,1654]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1218,1240]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; abdomen. Figs. 13–14, female terminalia in ventral and lateral views, respectively; Fig. 15, female abdomen cut open to reveal eggs; Figs. 16–17, male abdomen in dorsal and ventral views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFA281E51BAF968164FF8AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1340,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E51BAF968164AF942" box="[199,381,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Male terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Pygophore
|
||
<quantity id="4C9EF09EFFFA281E536DF969155FF943" box="[528,616,1665,1689]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, slightly elongate oval, moderately sclerotized, ventrally distinctly convex, dorsally flat, with a sharp posterosuperior spine preceded by rounded protuberance; with a pair of small spines, directed vertically towards dorsum, situated laterally mesad to paramere, visible in dorsal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E5470F9201256F93A" box="[1293,1377,1736,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; male genitalia. Figs. 18–20, pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; Fig. 21, phallus in lateral view; Fig. 22, details of endosoma; Fig. 23, parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) and lateral views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E5040F90516A3F8DE" box="[317,404,1773,1798]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; male genitalia. Figs. 18–20, pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; Fig. 21, phallus in lateral view; Fig. 22, details of endosoma; Fig. 23, parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior (basal) opening oval in dorsal view, outline of phallus visible in lateral view, endosoma visible in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E535EF8F81540F8F2" box="[547,631,1808,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; male genitalia. Figs. 18–20, pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; Fig. 21, phallus in lateral view; Fig. 22, details of endosoma; Fig. 23, parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) in macerated preparatums. Parameres symmetrical, widely separated, small, sock-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E502AF8DD169CF896" box="[343,427,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; male genitalia. Figs. 18–20, pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; Fig. 21, phallus in lateral view; Fig. 22, details of endosoma; Fig. 23, parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFFA281E535CF8DD1590F896" box="[545,679,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,545,1959]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; male genitalia. Figs. 18–20, pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; Fig. 21, phallus in lateral view; Fig. 22, details of endosoma; Fig. 23, parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
) more or less similar to the condition found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFFA281E55CBF8DD1643F8AA" authority="Redei & Tsai, 2010" authorityName="Redei & Tsai" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huangorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFFA281E55CBF8DD12ABF895" box="[1206,1436,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Ploiaria huangorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFFA281E51EAF8B01643F8AA" box="[151,372,1880,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" refId="ref4860" refString="Redei, D. & Tsai, J. F. (2010) A survey of the emesine assassin bugs of the tribes Collartidini, Leistarchini, Emesini, and Metapterini of Taiwan (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 57 (1), 11 - 36. Available from: http: // onlinelibrary. wiley. com / doi / 10.1002 / mmnd. 201000002 / pdf (Accessed 5 Mar. 2018)" type="journal article">Rédei & Tsai, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFFA281D51BAF89613FAFE2F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1340,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Measurements (in mm; male / female). Total length 10.5 / 9.75, length of anteocular region of head 0.50 / 0.60, length of postocular region of head 0.43 / 0.50, width across eyes 0.63 / 0.60, interocular distance 0.35 / 0.30; length of first visible labial segment 0.35 / 0.30, length of second visible labial segment 0.38 / 0.40, length of third visible labial segment 0.38 / 0.40; maximum width of pronotum 0.65 / 0.68, width of pronotum at base of head 0.45 / 0.40, length of pronotum 1.35 / 1.40; length of mesonotum 1.13 / 1.00; length of metanotum 0.63 / 0.90; minimum width of abdomen (at base) 0.25 / 0.25, maximum width of abdomen (at middle) 1.75 / 1.65; fore leg: length of coxa 1.13 / 1.00, length of femur 2.55 / 2.35, length of tibia 1.75 / 1.60, length of tarsus with claw 0.75 / 0.65, length of first tarsal segment 0.28 / 0.31, length of second tarsal segment 0.23 / 0.25, length of third tarsal segment 0.38 / 0.35; mid leg: length of coxa 0.50 / 0.50, length of femur 7.70 / 6.50, length of tibia 10.0 / 8.50, length of tarsus 0.30 / 0.30; hind leg: length of coxa 0.50 / 0.50, length of femur 10.5 / 9.00, length of tibia 13.75 / 13.0, length of tarsus with claw 0.30 / 0.30; length of prosternum 1.50 / 1.50, length of mesosternum 1.10 / 1.20, length of metasternum 0.60 / 0.50; length of first antennal segment 6.75 / 6.00, length of second antennal segment 6.00 / 5.50, length of third antennal segment 0.75 / 0.80, length of fourth antennal segment 1.10 / 1.10.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF190DF3FFF9281D51EAF85C123EF832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189154/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" startId="6.[151,264,1972,1994]" targetBox="[150,1436,545,1959]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFF9281D51EAF85C123EF832" blockId="6.[151,1435,1971,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF9281D51EAF85C14CCF811" bold="true" box="[151,1019,1971,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">
|
||
FIGURES 18–23.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFF9281D5024F85B154AF811" authority="Distant, 1909" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[345,637,1971,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF9281D5024F85B16DFF811" bold="true" box="[345,488,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">Ploiaria anak</emphasis>
|
||
Distant, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Daund, Pune; male genitalia.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Figs. 18–20, pygophore in dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; Fig. 21, phallus in lateral view; Fig. 22, details of endosoma; Fig. 23, parameres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF190DF3FFF8281C51EAFA5B1234FA3C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" startId="7.[151,264,1459,1481]" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1437]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFF8281C51EAFA5B1234FA3C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1458,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C51EAFA5B15B2FA12" bold="true" box="[151,645,1458,1481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
FIGURES 24–26.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFF8281C5027FA5A15B7FA12" authority="Distant, 1909" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[346,640,1458,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C5027FA5A16DEFA12" bold="true" box="[346,489,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Ploiaria anak</emphasis>
|
||
Distant, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 24, lectotype (male); Fig. 25, paralectotype (female); Fig. 26, a non-type male from Godhra, Gujarat, India, deposited in CASC, and its labels. Figs. 24–25 © BMNH, Figs. 26 © CASC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C0EF0FFF8281C51BAF9FC16FFF9AE" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFF8281C51BAF9FC16FFF9AE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1556,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C51BAF9FC16E1F9F6" bold="true" box="[199,470,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3711DEBFFF8281C5013F9FC16E1F9F6" box="[366,470,1556,1581]" name="Pakistan" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A29399FFF8281C5091F9FC150DF9F6" box="[492,570,1556,1581]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C5332F9FC1403F9F6" box="[591,820,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref5135" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. (1966) A monograph of the Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 133, 1 - 614." type="journal article">Wygodzinsky 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3711DEBFFF8281C5232F9FC14B8F9F6" box="[847,911,1556,1581]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C5232F9FC14B8F9F6" bold="true" box="[847,911,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">India</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A29399FFF8281C52D9F9FD1372F9F6" box="[932,1093,1556,1581]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C5527F9FC13C1F9F6" box="[1114,1270,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref4554" refString="Distant, W. L. (1909) Oriental Rhynchota Heteroptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 3, 491 - 507. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692615" type="journal article">Distant 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A29399FFF8281C546CF9FC12ABF9F6" box="[1297,1436,1556,1581]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C51E3F9D016B7F98B" box="[158,384,1592,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref4747" refString="Ravichandran, G. (1988) Biosystematics and ecophysiology of the non tibiaroliate assassin bugs Heteroptera Reduviidae of Southern India. Unpublished PhD thesis, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 422 pp." type="book">Ravichandran 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C50F2F9D0150CF98A" box="[399,571,1592,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref4480" refString="Ambrose, D. P. (2006) A checklist of Indian assassin bugs (Insects: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) with taxonomic status, distribution and diagnostic morphological characteristics. Zoos' Print Journal, 21 (9), 2388 - 2406. Available from: http: // www. zoosprint. org / ZooPrintJournal / 2006 / September / 2406 sup. pdf (Accessed 5 Mar. 2018)" type="journal article">Ambrose 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A29399FFF8281C532FF9D015F2F98A" box="[594,709,1592,1617]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Mahwah,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A29399FFF8281C5238F9D014A9F98A" box="[837,926,1592,1617]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Godhra (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C556DF9D013C5F98A" box="[1040,1266,1592,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref5135" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. (1966) A monograph of the Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 133, 1 - 614." type="journal article">Wygodzinsky 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A29399FFF8281C5475F9D012AFF98A" box="[1288,1432,1592,1617]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Pune District (new record).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C0EF0FFF8281351BAF9681279FE76" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFF8281C51BAF96812AAF896" blockId="7.[151,1437,1556,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C51BAF968160CF942" bold="true" box="[199,315,1664,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFF8281C5035F9691697F942" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[328,416,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C5035F9691661F943" box="[328,342,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C5017F9681697F942" box="[362,416,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">anak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unspecified number of specimens (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDE3D9FFF8281C5516F96813E7F943" box="[1131,1232,1664,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) from ‘Lucknow (Aitken)’. A male and a female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDE3D9FFF8281C5087F94D1566F966" box="[506,593,1701,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFF8281C531DF94C15D1F966" box="[608,742,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–26. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909. Fig. 24, lectotype (male); Fig. 25, paralectotype (female); Fig. 26, a non-type male from Godhra, Gujarat, India, deposited in CASC, and its labels. Figs. 24–25 © BMNH, Figs. 26 © CASC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Figs. 24, 25</figureCitation>
|
||
) are present in the BMNH, from which the male is selected as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDE3D9FFF8281C51EAF9201635F93A" box="[151,258,1736,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Photo of an additional non-type male from the environs of Godhra,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A29399FFF8281C555BF920134AF93A" box="[1062,1149,1736,1761]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
, deposited in the CASC, identified and listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C50DCF90415B8F8DE" box="[417,655,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref5135" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. (1966) A monograph of the Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 133, 1 - 614." type="journal article">Wygodzinsky (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has been examined as well (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFF8281C52A5F904131AF8DE" box="[984,1069,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–26. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909. Fig. 24, lectotype (male); Fig. 25, paralectotype (female); Fig. 26, a non-type male from Godhra, Gujarat, India, deposited in CASC, and its labels. Figs. 24–25 © BMNH, Figs. 26 © CASC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). One male studied in detail was found dead, trapped in a spider web, and many parts of the body became detached during cleaning. Subsequently, in
|
||
<date id="FFD87BBBFFF8281C51C9F8DC165CF896" box="[180,363,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" value="2017-11">November 2017</date>
|
||
, a fresh live male was collected, and the measurements of male were taken from this individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFF8281351BAF8B01220FE9B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1556,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C51BAF8B0167DF8AA" bold="true" box="[199,330,1880,1905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Both live females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFF8281C533CF8B115A3F8AA" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[577,660,1880,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C533CF8B11578F8AB" box="[577,591,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C5320F8B015A3F8AA" box="[605,660,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">anak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed moving slowly on the wall where small spiders were also detected. When brought to the laboratory, we observed that the bug could move on a spider web without getting entangled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFF8281C500CF8481680F863" box="[369,439,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Knowing that some emesine bugs feed on spiders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C554DF8481225F862" box="[1072,1298,1952,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref5135" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. (1966) A monograph of the Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 133, 1 - 614." type="journal article">Wygodzinsky 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C545FF8481616F806" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref5086" refString="Wignall, A. & Taylor, P. W. (2010) Predatory behavior of an araneophagic assassin bug. Journal of Ethology, 28, 437 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10164 - 009 - 0202 - 8" type="journal article">Wignall & Taylor 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF7208AFFF8281C5051F82C16DCF806" box="[300,491,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refId="ref4943" refString="Soley, F. J., Jackson, R. R. & Taylor, P. W. (2011) Biology of Stenolemus giraffa (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a web invading, araneophagic assassin bug from Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 38 (4), 297 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2011.604092" type="journal article">
|
||
Soley
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C500EF82D1693F806" box="[371,420,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF8281C5355F82C1437F807" box="[552,768,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Eugubinus araneus</emphasis>
|
||
Distant (1904: 207) was reported “living in nest of spider”, we provided one of the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFF72813535DFF711545FF6B" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[544,626,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF72813535DFF711545FF6B" box="[544,626,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">P. anak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females with a small moth, a small dipteran, a lygaeid and a mirid bug, and a small spider; within a short time the spider was aggressively caught and its content sucked. Two more spiders offered were treated similarly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFF728135089FF37150FFF23" box="[500,568,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is apparently a specialist predator of spiders. Nevertheless, we also found one male and one female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFF72813532BFEED159EFEC6" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1909" box="[598,681,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anak">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF72813532BFEED1553FEC7" box="[598,612,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF72813530EFEEC159EFEC6" box="[627,681,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">anak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a specimen of another emesine bug (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6626F8FFF7281355FDFEEC13C8FEC6" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1858" box="[1152,1279,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Stenolemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9128169FFF7281355FDFEEC13C8FEC6" box="[1152,1279,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">Stenolemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) dead and trapped in spider web; this indicates that these emesines sometimes get trapped in spider webs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFF7281355B8FECF123FFE9B" box="[1221,1288,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD95D7BFFF7281351BAFEA41279FE76" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">
|
||
The female collected in
|
||
<date id="FFD87BBBFFF72813509FFEA4154FFEBE" box="[482,632,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="565" value="2016-08">August 2016</date>
|
||
, with distended abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFF7281352CDFEA41328FEBE" box="[944,1055,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1391,195,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune. Fig. 1, living bug on small spider web; Fig. 2, a bug feeding on spider; Fig. 3, a bug trapped in a large spider web; Fig. 4, female, lateral view; Fig. 5, same, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, details of anterior portion of body, lateral view; Fig. 7, same, details of fore femur, tibia and tarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189148/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
), was found to carry three large, nearly fully developed eggs, each about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9EF09EFFF728135322FE871581FE5C" box="[607,694,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="565" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D41FEFFF728135382FE871465FE53" box="[767,850,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1218,1240]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Ploiaria anak Distant, 1909, from Daund, Pune; abdomen. Figs. 13–14, female terminalia in ventral and lateral views, respectively; Fig. 15, female abdomen cut open to reveal eggs; Figs. 16–17, male abdomen in dorsal and ventral views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1189152/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="565">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, one egg removed). This indicates that the breeding season of this species is during July and August and that the female can deposit at least three eggs at a time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |