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<mods:title id="C198DFFFA62CADC280C89793E53D32EC">The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D70FFE2FF9BFF12A787FDCCFF34" authority="Newell, 1949" authorityName="Newell" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,548,152,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Anomalohalacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFE2FF9BFF12A787FDCCFF34" bold="true" box="[151,548,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFE2FF9BFF12A787FE96FF34" bold="true" box="[151,382,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Anomalohalacarus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFE2FF9BFE00A787FDCCFF34" author="Newell" box="[389,548,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refString="Newell, I. M. (1949) New genera and species of Halacaridae (Acari). American Museum Novitates, 1411, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1949">Newell, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFE2FF9BFF12A7C1FEDAFF71" bold="true" box="[151,306,222,247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<typeStatus id="54DA8851FFE2FF9BFF12A7C1FF3AFF71" box="[151,210,222,247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D70FFE2FF9BFEBCA7C1FD01FF71" authority="Trouessart, 1894" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1894" box="[313,745,222,247]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFE2FF9BFEBCA7C1FDCBFF71" box="[313,547,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Halacarus anomalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFE2FF9BFDAFA7C0FD01FF71" author="Trouessart" box="[554,745,223,247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refString="Trouessart, E. (1894) Note sur les acariens marins (Halacaridae) recoltes par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville sur le littoral du department de la Manche (Juillet-Aout 1893). Bulletin de la Societe Amis des Sciences Naturelles, Rouen, 9, 139 - 175." type="journal article" year="1894">Trouessart, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFE2FF9BFF42A61DFAEEFDD8" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFE2FF9BFF42A61DFEF5FE9D" bold="true" box="[199,285,258,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Adults.</emphasis>
Female GP divided; a pair of elongate or triangular plates flanking GO. Plate often with genital groove posterior
<collectingCountry id="F3767663FFE2FF9BFE87A638FEA3FEB9" box="[258,331,295,319]" name="Togo" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">to GO</collectingCountry>
. Female GO elongate, with single pair of internal gac (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFE2FF9BFC30A639FBB4FEB9" author="Bartsch" box="[949,1116,294,319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refString="Bartsch, I. (1976 a) Beitrag zur Halacariden-Fauna (Halacaridae, Acari) der Bretagnekuste. Beschreibung von funf Arten aus dem Sandluckensystem. Acarologia, 17, 652 - 667." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Bartsch 1976a</bibRefCitation>
: figs 22, 38, 1979b: fig. 59). Anterior pair of three pairs of pgs in striated integument or on minute median platelet, two pairs of pgs on pair of genital plates. Subgenital setae lacking. Ovipositor at rest from hardly to distinctly extending beyond GO. On everted ovipositor one pair of short basal and five pairs of elongate apical genital spines seen; the latter in a combination two anterior and three posterior pairs. Two anterior pairs of genital spines with truncate tip (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFE2FF9BFAC0A6A9FED1FE75" author="Bartsch" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refString="Bartsch, I. (1976 a) Beitrag zur Halacariden-Fauna (Halacaridae, Acari) der Bretagnekuste. Beschreibung von funf Arten aus dem Sandluckensystem. Acarologia, 17, 652 - 667." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Bartsch 1976a: fig. 40</bibRefCitation>
). Male GP and AP contiguous, with 750 pairs of filiform pgs flanking genital opening and genital groove. GO shorter than in female and in more ventral position. Each genital sclerite with three (rarely two) short sgs. With single pair of small internal gac in posterior part of GO (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFE2FF9BFC0BA53DFBDEFDBD" author="Bartsch" box="[910,1078,546,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refString="Bartsch, I. (1976 a) Beitrag zur Halacariden-Fauna (Halacaridae, Acari) der Bretagnekuste. Beschreibung von funf Arten aus dem Sandluckensystem. Acarologia, 17, 652 - 667." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Bartsch 1976a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6, 1979b: fig. 58). In most females and males AE longitudinally divided into right and left half, each half with an epimeral pore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFE2FF9BFF42A575FC8DFD4C" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFE2FF9BFF42A575FED4FD05" bold="true" box="[199,316,618,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Juveniles.</emphasis>
With a larval and a single nymphal stage. In protonymph genital and anal plate contiguous; GP with pair of small internal gac and pair of pgs but no sgs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFE2FF9BFD63A591FC65FD21" author="Bartsch" box="[742,909,654,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refString="Bartsch, I. (1976 a) Beitrag zur Halacariden-Fauna (Halacaridae, Acari) der Bretagnekuste. Beschreibung von funf Arten aus dem Sandluckensystem. Acarologia, 17, 652 - 667." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Bartsch 1976a</bibRefCitation>
: figs 13, 31, 1979b: fig. 64). Genital area often with genital groove. Protonymph and larva with epimeral pores.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6578FFE2FF9BFF42A5C9FDECFCB1" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFE2FF9BFF42A5C9FDECFCB1" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFE2FF9BFF42A5C9FED3FD69" bold="true" box="[199,315,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Remarks.</emphasis>
Nineteen species are described (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFE2FF9BFD37A5C9FCB3FD69" author="Bartsch" box="[690,859,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refString="Bartsch, I. (2009 a) Checklist of marine and freshwater halacarid mite genera and species (Halacaridae: Acari) with notes on synonyms, habitats, distribution and descriptions of the taxa. Zootaxa, 1998, 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Bartsch 2009a</bibRefCitation>
), all are psammobionts. The majority of species is recorded from the northern Atlantic Ocean; species from the Indian and Pacific Ocean differ in several characters from the boreal Atlantic species.
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