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<document id="54B0B2DCE75D64041B9495FFC55878EF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172619" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc2cfbf1-64f7-401d-8752-9bef74bc7eee" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172619" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459759026330" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sutou, Mitsuaki" docDate="2006" docId="03C887CB2D67FFE35A031022FB33DED8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01223p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1223" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Plecia hadrosoma Hardy &amp; Takahashi 1960" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFF1FFB32D6DFFEF5B0B1351FFD6DD59" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698214459310" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="11D91049025F9B1C6E6C4934A76CE0B9">Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D079CE2401CEDA4A1D1A8F483D1AD30">Sutou, Mitsuaki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="760A40A477718D638DD454FDCEE7DDBF">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="79F5EE71C421CB4259E9F17B23068F6B">1223</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6FFF66E86BC25DC85E3D3CF5EB1F388D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172619</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887CB2D67FFE35A031022FB33DED8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6260295" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119344377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6260295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887CB2D67FFE35A031022FB33DED8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CB2D67FFE35A031022FB33DED8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C37B65562D67FFE55A031022FCFADED5" box="[264,812,882,909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D67FFE55A031022FCFADED5" blockId="10.[264,812,882,909]" box="[264,812,882,909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D09681B12D67FFE55A031022FCFADED5" bold="true" box="[264,812,882,909]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5E2D67FFE55A031022FCFADED5" ID-CoL="4K2K5" authority="Hardy &amp; Takahashi, 1960" authorityName="Hardy &amp; Takahashi" authorityYear="1960" box="[264,812,882,909]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hadrosoma">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D67FFE55A031022FCFADED5" bold="true" box="[264,812,882,909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D67FFE55A031022FE37DED4" bold="true" box="[264,481,883,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plecia hadrosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B2C2D67FFE55AE21023FCFADED5" author="Hardy" box="[489,812,882,908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" refString="Hardy, D. E. &amp; Takahashi, M. (1960) Revision of the Japanese Bibionidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Pacific Insects, 2, 383 - 449." type="journal article" year="1960">Hardy &amp; Takahashi, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B65562D67FFE35A0310EFFB33DED8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D67FFE55A0310EFFE44DE8E" blockId="10.[264,1325,958,1903]" box="[264,402,958,983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D67FFE55A0310EFFE44DE8E" box="[264,402,958,983]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D67FFE55A3310B7FBBCDEA6" blockId="10.[264,1325,958,1903]" box="[312,1130,997,1023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D67FFE55A3310B7FEB1DEA6" box="[312,359,998,1023]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Egg</emphasis>
: Shiny brown, with smooth surface,
<quantity id="4C999B382D67FFE5581210B4FC15DEA6" box="[793,963,997,1023]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.705" valueMax="0.73" valueMin="0.68">0.68–0.73 mm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D67FFE55F0510B7FBCBDEA6" box="[1038,1053,998,1023]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 20).
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<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D67FFE55A33175FFEA2DA36" blockId="10.[264,1325,958,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D67FFE55A33175FFDC2D97E" box="[312,532,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Final­instar larva</emphasis>
: Genae with 6 setae anteriorly and 16 sensory pits dorsally including 8 sensory pits along ecdysial suture (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE558221764FCB9D916" box="[809,879,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D: 4–7). Frontal apotome with 2 setae and 4 sensory pits (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55AF9170CFDEFD92E" box="[498,569,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D: 1–3). Clypeus with 4 setae and 6 sensory pits dorsally (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55FF2170CFEC1D9C6" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Labrum with 2 small papillae and 2 sensory pits dorsally, about 6 small papillae and fine setae on its anterior membranous part (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE5580E17FCFC9DD99E" box="[773,843,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Epipharynx (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55F1A17FCFB83D99E" box="[1041,1109,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E) with many fine setae, small conical processes, 2 rows of denticles, 8 small papillae and 4 sensory pits. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55A8117ACFE0DD84E" box="[394,475,1277,1303]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
F, G) with 3 blunt teeth (teeth may be rather worn by feeding activity) bearing 3 setae and 2 dorsal sensory pits, well­developed prostheca attached inside. Cardo with 3 setae and sensory pit ventrally (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE559D2161CFCF6D83E" box="[729,800,1357,1383]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
J). Galeolacinia nearly trapezoidal in shape, with conical projection anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE559BC1624FCDBD8D6" box="[695,781,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figs.
<date id="FFDF101D2D67FFE559F51624FCDBD8D6" box="[766,781,1397,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</date>
</figureCitation>
I, J); dorsal surface with fine setae, row of spinules, small digitiform process, and 6–7 sensory pits (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE558BC16CCFBD6D8EE" box="[951,1024,1437,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Fig.
<date id="FFDF101D2D67FFE558FB16CCFBD6D8EE" box="[1008,1024,1437,1463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</date>
</figureCitation>
I); ventral surface with 2 setae and row of denticles anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE559EF1694FCE6D886" box="[740,816,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
J). Stipes composed of 3 parts: proximal isolated appendage, middle sclerite with ventral sensory pit and dorsal U­shaped invagination, and distal membranous portion with some spinules, sensory pit, and seta (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55A1A156CFEB5DB0E" box="[273,355,1597,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figs.
<date id="FFDF101D2D67FFE55A5F156CFEB5DB0E" box="[340,355,1597,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</date>
</figureCitation>
I, J). Maxillary palpus with sensory pit and 10–12 apical papillae, one of which is larger than others (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55AE81534FDFFDB26" box="[483,553,1637,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
J). Central membranous area of labium with 12 small papillae and fine setae on its anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE5599515DCFD31DBFE" box="[670,743,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
H). Hypopharynx nearly elliptical in shape with some pubescence (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55AE515E4FDEFDB96" box="[494,569,1717,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
H). Body dark brown, arrangement of processes as shown in
<tableCitation id="C6E303662D67FFE55A03158CFE8ADBAE" box="[264,348,1757,1783]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 1. Arrangement of the processes on the body segments. a: final­instar larva, b: pupa. T: thorax, A: abdomen. Arrangement of the processes is divided into dorsal, lateral, and ventral parts except for T 1 and A 9. Dorsal and ventral processes of each of T 2 – A 8 of the final­instar larva are subdivided into anterior, medial, and posterior rows. Venter of A 1 and A 2 of the pupa are covered by the leg and wing sheaths." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 1</tableCitation>
a. Plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE55852158CFC48DBAE" box="[857,926,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B) with 5 processes. Body cuticle covered with many spinules (
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE559561454FD75DA46" box="[605,675,1797,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[299,1257,318,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,292,1581]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, final­instar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, plate­like ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E – J, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C). Width of head capsule
<quantity id="4C999B382D67FFE558D31454FB55DA46" box="[984,1155,1797,1823]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.12" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.01" valueMax="1.12" valueMin="0.9">0.90–1.12 mm</quantity>
(mean ± SD = 1.02 ±
<quantity id="4C999B382D67FFE55A50147CFE1EDA1E" box="[347,456,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D67FFE55ADF147FFE35DA1E" box="[468,483,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 34;
<figureCitation id="135A2A582D67FFE5593A147CFDA1DA1E" box="[561,631,1837,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,367,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,342,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[300,1287,329,1624]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Width of head capsule of final­instar larva. a: P. adiastola; larvae were collected from several locations. b: P. hadrosoma; larval exuviae were collected from a cluster of pupae. Two peaks in b indicate that the size difference between males and females (males &lt;females) is apparent in the final­instar larva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172626/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
b); Body length approximately
<quantity id="4C999B382D67FFE558E3147CFBBEDA1E" box="[1000,1128,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17–19 mm</quantity>
(measured from exuviae).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1E66552D66FFE45A0315D7FDD5DA5F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172626/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[309,1277,342,1610]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D66FFE45A0315D7FDD5DA5F" blockId="11.[264,1323,1670,1798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D66FFE45A0315D7FE52DBC7" bold="true" box="[264,388,1670,1694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Width of head capsule of final­instar larva. a:
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5E2D66FFE4588B15D6FC2BDBC7" box="[896,1021,1671,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adiastola">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D66FFE4588B15D6FC2BDBC7" box="[896,1021,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. adiastola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; larvae were collected from several locations. b:
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5E2D66FFE45AE415FBFD52DB98" box="[495,644,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hadrosoma">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D66FFE45AE415FBFD52DB98" box="[495,644,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. hadrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; larval exuviae were collected from a cluster of pupae. Two peaks in b indicate that the size difference between males and females (males&lt;females) is apparent in the final­instar larva.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1E66552D61FFE35A03124AFDE1DCE4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE35A03124AFDE1DCE4" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D61FFE35A03124AFEA0DC6A" bold="true" box="[264,374,283,307]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Arrangement of the processes on the body segments. a: final­instar larva, b: pupa. T: thorax, A: abdomen. Arrangement of the processes is divided into dorsal, lateral, and ventral parts except for T1 and A9. Dorsal and ventral processes of each of T2–A8 of the final­instar larva are subdivided into anterior, medial, and posterior rows. Venter of A1 and A2 of the pupa are covered by the leg and wing sheaths.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE35A031298FEC1DCBA" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,483]" box="[264,279,457,483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D61FFE35A031298FEC1DCBA" bold="true" box="[264,279,457,483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">a</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE35AC71155FACBDF40" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[460,1309,516,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T1 T2 T3 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE3590D117DFB30DF18" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[518,1254,556,577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2/4/0 2/4/2 2/4/2 2/4/2 2/4/2 2/4/2 2/4/2 2/4/2 2/4/2 0/2/0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE35A1F1105FACEDF30" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[276,1304,596,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5E2D61FFE35A1F1105FE52DF30" box="[276,388,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adiastola">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D61FFE35A1F1105FE52DF30" box="[276,388,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. adiastola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<date id="FFDF101D2D61FFE35AC71105FD89DF30" box="[460,607,596,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1918-06-04">18 4 6</date>
6 6 6 6 6 6
<date id="FFDF101D2D61FFE35F6C1105FACEDF30" box="[1127,1304,596,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1912-04-06">6 4 12</date>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE3590D112DFB33DFC8" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[518,1253,636,657]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2/4/0 2/4/0 4/4/2 4/4/2 4/4/2 4/4/2 4/4/2 4/4/2 4/4/0 4/4/0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE3590D11F5FB30DFE0" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[518,1254,676,697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 0/2/0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE35A1F119DFADADFB8" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[276,1292,716,737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5E2D61FFE35A1F119DFE65DFB8" box="[276,435,716,737]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranifera">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D61FFE35A1F119DFE65DFB8" box="[276,435,716,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. membranifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<date id="FFDF101D2D61FFE35AC7119DFD89DFB8" box="[460,607,716,737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1918-04-04">18 4 4</date>
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE3590D11A5FB33DE50" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[518,1253,756,777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2/4/0 2/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE3590D104DFB30DE68" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[518,1254,796,817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 2/4/0 0/2/0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE35A1F1015FADADE00" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[276,1292,836,857]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5E2D61FFE35A1F1015FE40DE00" box="[276,406,836,857]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hadrosoma">
<emphasis id="B915EACF2D61FFE35A1F1015FE40DE00" box="[276,406,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. hadrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<date id="FFDF101D2D61FFE35AC71015FD89DE00" box="[460,607,836,857]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1918-04-04">18 4 4</date>
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DD2D61FFE3590D103DFB33DED8" blockId="12.[276,1309,516,897]" box="[518,1253,876,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2/4/0 2/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0 4/4/0</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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