259 lines
28 KiB
XML
259 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="2D2658CF24B6B0884BBC2E50578B22C4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352574" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352574" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208315046" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lafontaine, J. Donald & Sullivan, J. Bolling" docDate="2009" docId="03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5" docLanguage="en" docName="0077.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2009 (77)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Megalographa biloba" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFF1FFC6FFDFFF93FF8617197D3CFFA7" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Megalographa Lafontaine and Poole (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) with the description of a new species from Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1699185828364" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B84CAB870119458E22D8AE3243CECF86">
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<mods:title id="44F5E79CE013F5C9DA213C9E5930FD50">A review of the genus Megalographa Lafontaine and Poole (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) with the description of a new species from Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AE3B11B348858D87049D8C089E0D6C23" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3619DCD0AADFD80A2F76C1BA3DBB33F6">Lafontaine, J. Donald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B1B7639305673B5BFE9FF958AC2FF665">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5CCEAC5C49573B0E0742570B24A80D1E">Sullivan, J. Bolling</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F2AF535E12621A700F4E97C2FC13DCBD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C92126DB282506DFB220BD77E27E6E98">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="37589751699DF5353E130DA3E7E0C0A7">
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<mods:date id="57AB018A27522819685F21802908356D">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="73278B5893B30501BA7B3CAFF608F375" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="02238386065ECF12F6DE03F235E48C92">2009-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4B3099D9F3127462BE368F7FDF52A7BC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1F654746869DEAC22976885A08692424">2009</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="45415802BE91320F83896B7AA4BEE9B2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="509B4D63DFC910490ED3D5DBCC853D38">77</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EEC7D178C42F56B6D73D5A460501C55A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="994206B7DFA60C8A3E5845E3A43FF785" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5352574</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4D32AD7DB1E75CCC9AFCB233C350D1F1" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ED460CF27BA6569938E6E041587221A5" type="Zenodo-Dep">5352574</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5450521" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5450521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6523FFD8FF94FF46113C7F46F99C" box="[192,634,1571,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36A8FFD8FF94FF46113C7F46F99C" blockId="7.[192,634,1571,1627]" box="[192,634,1571,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D09681C4FFD8FF94FF46113C7F46F99C" bold="true" box="[192,634,1571,1596]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD8FF94FF46113C7F46F99C" authority="(Stephens)" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[192,634,1571,1596]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FF46113C7F46F99C" bold="true" box="[192,634,1571,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FF46113C7CDEF99B" bold="true" box="[192,482,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Megalographa biloba</emphasis>
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(Stephens)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6523FFD8FF94FF46115A7CB2F9FC" box="[192,398,1603,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36A8FFD8FF94FF46115A7CB2F9FC" blockId="7.[192,634,1571,1627]" box="[192,398,1603,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2DFFD8FF94FF4E115A7C0EF9FC" box="[200,306,1603,1627]" captionStart="Figure 1–8" captionStartId="4.[192,276,1783,1805]" captionTargetBox="[196,1442,219,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[191,1442,193,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1–8. Megalographa spp. 1) M. monoxyla, m, Cochabamba, Incachaca, Bolivia. 2) M. agualaniata, m, Cochabamba, Incachaca, Bolivia. 3) M. culminicola, m, Ecuador. 4) M. culminicola, f, Junin to Huanuco Hwy., Pasco, Peru, 3600 m. 5) M. bonaerensis, m, Curitiba, 920 m, Paraná, Brazil. 6) M. biloba, m, San Gerardo de Dota, Cartago, Costa Rica. 7-8) M. talamanca, m, Reserva los Nimbulos, 3150 m, Cerro de la Muerte, San José, Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352576/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2DFFD8FF94FEBB115A7C61F9FC" box="[317,349,1603,1627]" captionStart="Figure 9–14" captionStartId="6.[192,276,1783,1805]" captionTargetBox="[210,1421,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-23@6.[192,1445,194,1776]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 9–14. Male genitalia of Megalographa spp. and Lophoplusia sp. 9) M. monoxyla, Cochabamba, Incachaca, Bolivia. 10) M. agualaniata, Venezuela. 11) M. bonaerensis, Curitiba, 920 m, Paraná, Brazil. 12) M. biloba, Verdugo, California. 13) M. talamanca, Reserva los Nimbulos, 3150 m, Cerro de la Muerte, San José, Costa Rica. 14) Lophoplusia sp., Kauai, Hawaii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352578/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2DFFD8FF94FEEE115A7CBAF9FC" box="[360,390,1603,1627]" captionStart="Figure 15–18" captionStartId="8.[192,276,937,959]" captionTargetBox="[192,1435,202,918]" captionTargetId="figure-366@8.[192,1446,195,930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 15–18. Female genitalia of Megalographa spp. 15) M. agualaniata, Bolivia. 16) M. bonaerensis, Curitiba, 920 m, Paraná, Brazil. 17) M. biloba, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. 18) M. talamanca, Reserva los Nimbulos, 3150 m, Cerro de la Muerte, San José, Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352580/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">17</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6523FFD8FF94FF46119A7F2CF95C" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36A8FFD8FF94FF46119A7F2CF95C" blockId="7.[192,1440,1667,1915]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD8FF94FF46119A7F67F93C" authority="Stephens 1830: 104" authorityName="Stephens" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1830" box="[192,603,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Plusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biloba">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FF46119A7C5FF93C" box="[192,355,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Plusia biloba</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B093CF5FFD8FF94FEEF119A7F67F93C" box="[361,603,1667,1691]" collectionCode="BMNH" location="London" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1">Stephens 1830: 104</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FDE3119A7F96F93C" bold="true" box="[613,682,1667,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="54DA880AFFD8FF94FDE3119A7F96F93C" box="[613,682,1667,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: male,
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<collectionCode id="ED70AE6DFFD8FF94FC84119D7E62F93C" box="[770,862,1668,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">BMNH</collectionCode>
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,
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<location id="8EBE6073FFD8FF94FCEE119A7EF9F93C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5:8EBE6073FFD8FF94FCEE119A7EF9F93C" box="[872,965,1667,1691]" name="London" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">London</location>
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[examined];
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<materialsCitation id="3B093CF5FFD8FF94FBE2119A7F31F95C" country="United Kingdom" county="European" location="Note" municipality="North American" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FBE2119A782AF93C" bold="true" box="[1124,1302,1667,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="54DA880AFFD8FF94FBE2119A7995F93C" box="[1124,1193,1667,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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: unknown.
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FF4611BA7C3DF91C" bold="true" box="[192,257,1699,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<location id="8EBE6073FFD8FF94FF4611BA7C3DF91C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5:8EBE6073FFD8FF94FF4611BA7C3DF91C" box="[192,257,1699,1723]" country="United Kingdom" county="European" municipality="North American" name="Note" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Note</location>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<location id="8EBE6073FFD8FF94FE8811BA7C01F91C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5:8EBE6073FFD8FF94FE8811BA7C01F91C" box="[270,317,1699,1723]" country="United Kingdom" county="European" municipality="North American" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The</location>
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species was nominally described from
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<collectingCountry id="F3767638FFD8FF94FC8911BA7E46F91C" box="[783,890,1699,1723]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">England</collectingCountry>
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, where it occurs occasionally as a fall migrant from
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<location id="8EBE6073FFD8FF94FE8511DA7CFCF97C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5:8EBE6073FFD8FF94FE8511DA7CFCF97C" box="[259,448,1731,1755]" country="United Kingdom" county="European" municipality="North American" name="North America" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">North America</location>
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, but
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<location id="8EBE6073FFD8FF94FE7911DA7F4EF97C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887BEFFD8FF9BFF46113C7F12F9B5:8EBE6073FFD8FF94FE7911DA7F4EF97C" box="[511,626,1731,1755]" country="United Kingdom" county="European" municipality="North American" name="Stephens" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Stephens</location>
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was also known to have mixed
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACD2FFD8FF94FB8611DA79F0F97C" box="[1024,1228,1731,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">North American</collectingMunicipality>
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material in with
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<collectingCounty id="62BF4E24FFD8FF94FF4611FD7C04F95C" box="[192,312,1764,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">European</collectingCounty>
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material in error
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6523FFD8FF9BFF46101A7EF1FAB5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36A8FFD8FF9BFF46101A7EF1FAB5" blockId="7.[192,1440,1667,1915]" lastBlockId="8.[192,1440,1050,1298]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FF46101A7C6DF8BC" bold="true" box="[192,337,1795,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD8FF94FED8101A7F59F8BC" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[350,613,1795,1819]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FED8101A7F59F8BC" box="[350,613,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Megalographa biloba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was thoroughly characterized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B59FFD8FF94FB83101A785DF8BC" author="Lafontaine, J. D. & R. W. Poole" box="[1029,1377,1795,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" refId="ref5406" refString="Lafontaine, J. D., and R. W. Poole. 1991. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part), Plusiinae. In: R. B. Dominick, et al. The moths of America north of Mexico. Fascicle 25.1. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation; Washington, District of Columbia. 177 p." type="book" year="1991">
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Lafontaine and
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F84AFFD8FF94FB4F101A7830F8BC" box="[1225,1292,1795,1819]" country="United Kingdom" name="Poole" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Poole</collectingRegion>
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(1991)
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</bibRefCitation>
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with adults and genitalia figured. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD8FF94FD64103D7EB3F89C" box="[738,911,1827,1851]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FD64103D7EB3F89C" box="[738,911,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M. talamanca</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in several aspects. In the region where
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD8FF94FAF9103D7C78F8FC" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
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<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FAF9103D7C78F8FC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M. talamanca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected,
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<specimenCount id="9D67FD21FFD8FF94FE7E105A7F5CF8FC" box="[504,608,1859,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="generic">
|
||
three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD8FF94FDB9105D7F5CF8FC" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[575,608,1860,1883]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FDB9105D7F5CF8FC" box="[575,608,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M.</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</specimenCount>
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biloba were taken at lower altitudes (
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD8FF94FBAF105A79F1F8FC" box="[1065,1229,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="2400.0" valueMax="2600.0" valueMin="2200.0">2200–2600m</quantity>
|
||
). These
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD8FF94FAAB105D789CF8FC" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1325,1440,1859,1883]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD8FF94FAAB105D789CF8FC" box="[1325,1440,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M. biloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller (male wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD8FF94FDBE107A7FA2F8DC" box="[568,670,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="14.1">14.1mm</quantity>
|
||
; female wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD8FF94FC1B107A793DF8DC" box="[925,1025,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.6mm</quantity>
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) and the silver hemispheres of the stigma are joined. The postmedian line is notched between M3 and CUA
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<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD7FF9BFBAA13037968FB95" box="[1068,1108,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFBDF130279F7FB95" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1113,1227,1050,1074]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFBDF130279F7FB95" box="[1113,1227,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. biloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFB701302789CFB95" box="[1270,1440,1050,1074]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFB701302789CFB95" box="[1270,1440,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. talamanca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a defined dash. The silver crescent below the reniform spot is entire and prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFAA81322789CFBF5" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1326,1440,1082,1106]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFAA81322789CFBF5" box="[1326,1440,1082,1106]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. biloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but often broken and indistinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFDE713427E31FBD5" box="[609,781,1114,1138]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFDE713427E31FBD5" box="[609,781,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. talamanca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the male genitalia the clavus is approximately the length of the clasper in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFE5D13627F71FB35" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[475,589,1146,1170]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFE5D13627F71FB35" box="[475,589,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. biloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but 0.25X its length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFCE11362792DFB35" box="[871,1041,1146,1170]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFCE11362792DFB35" box="[871,1041,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. talamanca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFBA6136279AEFB35" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1056,1170,1146,1170]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFBA6136279AEFB35" box="[1056,1170,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. biloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clasper (
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD7FF9BFB791363785FFB35" box="[1279,1379,1146,1170]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31mm</quantity>
|
||
) and clavus (
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD7FF9BFE9D13837CBEFB15" box="[283,386,1178,1202]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFE1213827F01FB15" box="[404,573,1178,1202]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFE1213827F01FB15" box="[404,573,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. talamanca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clasper (
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD7FF9BFD2013837E37FB15" box="[678,779,1178,1202]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50mm</quantity>
|
||
) and clavus (
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B4DFFD7FF9BFC2113837932FB15" box="[935,1038,1178,1202]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13mm</quantity>
|
||
). The subbasal evagination in the vesica is larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFE2413A27F2BFB75" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[418,535,1210,1234]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFE2413A27F2BFB75" box="[418,535,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. biloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is 0.25X as long as the corpus bursae, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFE2C13C27F6FFB55" box="[426,595,1242,1266]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFE2C13C27F6FFB55" box="[426,595,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. talamanca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is 0.13X as long, and the corpus bursae has a mesial twist where the bursa bends through a 90
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BE0FFD7FF9BFE7113E07CC3FAA0" attach="left" box="[503,511,1273,1287]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">o</superScript>
|
||
angle that is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFC9D13E27EFBFAB5" box="[795,967,1274,1298]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFC9D13E27EFBFAB5" box="[795,967,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. talamanca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E6620FFD7FF9BFF4614B07FC5FC5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352580/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" startId="8.[192,276,937,959]" targetBox="[192,1435,202,918]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36A8FFD7FF9BFF4614B07FC5FC5E" blockId="8.[192,1440,937,1017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFF4614B07C59FC19" bold="true" box="[192,357,937,959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figure 15–18.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFDC314B07E26FC18" box="[581,794,937,959]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFDC314B07FDBFC19" box="[581,743,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Megalographa</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFC9914B07E78FC18" bold="true" box="[799,836,937,959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">15)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFCCF14B37EC9FC19" box="[841,1013,937,959]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="agualaniata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFCCF14B37EC9FC19" box="[841,1013,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. agualaniata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Bolivia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFBDB14B079BEFC18" bold="true" box="[1117,1154,937,959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">16)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFB0E14B378A0FC18" authority=", Curitiba" authorityName="Curitiba" box="[1160,1436,937,959]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="bonaerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFB0E14B37812FC19" box="[1160,1326,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. bonaerensis</emphasis>
|
||
, Curitiba
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 920 m, Paraná, Brazil.
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFE4214DF7CD5FC7B" bold="true" box="[452,489,966,988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">17)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFE7614DE7FC2FC7B" authority=", Thunder Bay" authorityName="Thunder Bay" box="[496,766,966,988]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFE7614DE7F66FC7C" box="[496,602,966,988]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. biloba</emphasis>
|
||
, Thunder Bay
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ontario, Canada.
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFC5714DF7ECAFC7B" bold="true" box="[977,1014,966,988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">18)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFC7B14DE783CFC7B" authority=", Reserva" authorityName="Reserva" box="[1021,1280,966,988]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="talamanca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFC7B14DE79A5FC7C" box="[1021,1177,966,988]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. talamanca</emphasis>
|
||
, Reserva
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
los Nimbulos, 3150 m, Cerro de la Muerte, San José, Costa Rica.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B6523FFD7FF9BFF4612237F12F9B5" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36A8FFD7FF9BFF4612237F12F9B5" blockId="8.[192,1441,1338,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFF4612237F26FAF5" bold="true" box="[192,538,1338,1362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Distribution and Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D2BFFD7FF9BFDAF12237E0CFAF5" box="[553,816,1338,1362]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Megalographa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="biloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EABAFFD7FF9BFDAF12237E0CFAF5" box="[553,816,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Megalographa biloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767638FFD7FF9BFB721223789CFAF5" box="[1268,1440,1338,1362]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
southward through Central and South America to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767638FFD7FF9BFC9212437EAEFAD5" box="[788,914,1370,1394]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It occurs farther north into northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767638FFD7FF9BFACA12437C31FA35" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767638FFD7FF9BFE3012637F28FA35" box="[438,532,1402,1426]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
as a seasonal migrant where it usually produces one or two generations each summer, but it rarely survives the winter in the northern part of its range. It also occurs in the Hawaiian Islands but it is unknown if the species occurs there naturally or was introduced. The species also occurs as a rare migrant in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767638FFD7FF9BFE3512C37F66FA55" box="[435,602,1498,1522]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mainly in the summer and fall, but its travel to Europe could be aided by ships crossing the Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |