240 lines
26 KiB
XML
240 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="4319670A8242EAFD1B313835B19D985B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252292" ID-ZooBank="CCE28335-B063-47A5-8EFA-904B5B5BC99B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1666769573018" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Singh, Navneet, Ranjan, Rahul, Talukdar, Avishek, Joshi, Rahul, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Chandra, Kailash & Mally, Richard" docDate="2022" docId="03C8791FFFCF803CFF7856D4FD3E59B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5197.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5197 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Galleriinae Zeller 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFF10167FFDB8029FFEF545AFFFA5F63" masterDocTitle="A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1699389895625" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7836637ADA8B17BC13B0045531CF8C0E">
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<mods:title id="5A8B245B9E100DE7FDA0400A0187393F">A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8639B06790BCD8ADB7CFEA1E56D68BB">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="32EC78CF8C92FC571D5E60C06F4CC589">Ranjan, Rahul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E84C03109521415F7E61223E8C79223D">Talukdar, Avishek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DFED430C285414F40483B415FB34C60A" type="email">avi.talukdar@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B3A421B882EB0AFA9A516E508BFC0C75">Joshi, Rahul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="07C702B409AB9E4B71604FFED7148C24" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8514-1272</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="650CC4727612E2BEDE31722692C6CC86" type="email">joshiarctiidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9ED476E9F7A0350574996251D4C656CA">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A832F6D3160F5CB12383DDA94B7C736">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="906F7D50B1ED5F5C40FC0062CB0BE951" type="email">kailash611@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A9BD121E1884DE95A26DCFFFC564CAD4">Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="47D37ECBAE63B0D122C7A638CD427A27" type="email">spilomallynae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1FBA8E1BD60CB79309CE462178DD63B7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2E76D76D15A7281E1AF0EA64639D9C20">
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<mods:date id="A6EFE279054118887C48689E61FE8B89">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="469609D20CFC5183574FEFDCA5BA3829">2022-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="574B746835113235C82D765C045F0209">5197</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7AD8461B4E929BE5EE6E51757AF912F5">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="FE1F3F31A5B5C76E490003465496B0CA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="134530ED291F69F3E5F47C3CADC53593">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A0F83E170090F44A428B8734B5B85B7A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7C7903B9B448AE11CF67F2ED38591116" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C8791FFFCF803CFF7856D4FD3E59B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252350" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252350" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8791FFFCF803CFF7856D4FD3E59B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8791FFFCF803CFF7856D4FD3E59B6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFCF803DFF7856D4FEB45DCB" box="[151,334,654,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFCF803DFF7856D4FEB45DCB" blockId="20.[151,334,654,680]" box="[151,334,654,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="D0967F65FFCF803DFF7856D4FEB45DCB" bold="true" box="[151,334,654,680]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFCF803DFF7856D4FEB45DCB" bold="true" box="[151,334,654,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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1.2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCF803DFF2756D4FEB45DCB" ID-CoL="93MVW" ID-ENA="40082" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[200,334,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galleriinae">Galleriinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFCF803CFF78568CFD3E59B6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFCF803DFF78568CFA985CE2" blockId="20.[151,1437,726,897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFCF803DFF78568CFE2C5D93" bold="true" box="[151,470,726,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diversity and distribution:</emphasis>
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Worldwide, 260 valid species in 63 genera (Nuss
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCF803DFBEB568DFBC65D92" box="[1028,1084,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFCF803DFB95568DFB725D92" bold="true" box="[1146,1160,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">–</emphasis>
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2022,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFCF803DFB21568DFA6B5D92" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[1230,1425,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Léger
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCF803DFAF9568DFAB45D92" box="[1302,1358,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFCF803DFF5956A1FF085C76" box="[182,242,763,789]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
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, 31 species in 15 genera are reported, accounting for 11.92% of the global
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCF803DFBAC56A1FB455C76" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[1091,1215,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galleriinae">Galleriinae</taxonomicName>
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diversity. From the 15
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCF803DFF545745FEF95C5A" box="[187,259,799,825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
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genera, 10 are represented by a single species, and the remaining five genera comprise between two and eight species (
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<figureCitation id="135AD48CFFCF803DFED55719FE7B5C3E" box="[314,385,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[152,255,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[263,1324,929,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-333@20.[255,1332,921,1782]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Species diversity of Indian Galleriinae genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252306/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). The subfamily are most diverse in the North East, followed by Deccan Peninsula, Central Himalaya, and Gangetic plain, being completely absent from the Trans-Himalaya and East Himalaya (
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<figureCitation id="135AD48CFFCF803DFAFF573DFAAE5CE2" box="[1296,1364,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1203,1227]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,312,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-79@21.[259,1328,305,1180]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Species diversity of Indian Galleriinae in different Biogeographic zones/zones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252310/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF1E9881FFCF803DFF775357FD0C5845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252306" box="[152,758,1805,1830]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252306/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[152,255,1805,1829]" targetBox="[263,1324,929,1773]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFCF803DFF775357FD0C5845" blockId="20.[152,758,1805,1830]" box="[152,758,1805,1830]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFCF803DFF775357FEE25845" bold="true" box="[152,280,1805,1830]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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Species diversity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCF803DFE025354FDD45845" box="[493,558,1806,1830]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCF803DFDDB5354FD5F5845" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[564,677,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galleriinae">Galleriinae</taxonomicName>
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genera.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFCF803CFF285308FEAC5E7A" blockId="20.[151,1436,1874,2040]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,281]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCF803DFF285308FE61580E" bold="true" box="[199,411,1874,1901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Adult characters:</emphasis>
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vary considerably in size, ranging in wingspan from
|
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<quantity id="4C9965ECFFCF803DFC195309FB70580E" box="[1014,1162,1875,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 90 mm</quantity>
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. Their narrow, often unobtrusively brownish forewings take on a conspicuous lens shape in some taxa. Chaetosemata and ocelli are considered absent (latter present in tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCF803DFDE253C2FD4058D1" box="[525,698,1944,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megarthtridiini">Megarthtridiini</taxonomicName>
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) but might have been overlooked in the past due to the difficulty of their study (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFCF803DFEF353E0FDFB58B6" author="Solis, M. A. & Mitter, C." box="[284,513,1978,2005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="79 - 90" refId="ref310347" refString="Solis, M. A. & Mitter, C. (1992) Review and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of the Pyralidae (sensu stricto) (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Systematic Entomology, 17, 79 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1992. tb 00323. x" type="journal article" year="1992">Solis & Mitter 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
). A curved line between the tympanal organs’ conjunctivum and tympanum as well as weakly developed or absent tympanic areoles might be considered autapomorphies of the subfamily but have not been studied widely among
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFE3B54CDFDAA5FD2" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[468,592,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galleriinae">Galleriinae</taxonomicName>
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and across the other
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFCAE54CDFC515FD2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[833,939,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
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subfamilies. The venulae secundae are well developed. The wing coupling in males is via a frenulum represented by a single bristle, and in females with three bristles. In the male genitalia, the tegumen extends up to the base of the uncus, unarmed, the gnathos is absent or vestigial at most.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF1E9881FFCE803CFF7750E9FBC55BAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252310" box="[152,1087,1203,1228]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252310/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[152,255,1203,1227]" targetBox="[266,1321,312,1174]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFCE803CFF7750E9FBC55BAF" blockId="21.[152,1087,1203,1228]" box="[152,1087,1203,1228]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFF7750E9FEE25BA8" bold="true" box="[152,280,1203,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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Species diversity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFE0250EEFDD45BAF" box="[493,558,1204,1228]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFDDB50EEFD5F5BAF" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[564,677,1204,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galleriinae">Galleriinae</taxonomicName>
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in different Biogeographic zones/zones.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFCE803CFF2850ADFCC95944" blockId="21.[151,1437,1271,1750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFF2850ADFE5F5A72" bold="true" box="[199,421,1271,1297]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Larval characters:</emphasis>
|
||
most larvae have a sclerotised ring around
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A506EBFFCE803CFC6A50ADFC575A72" box="[901,941,1271,1297]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SD</collectingRegion>
|
||
1 of A1. The pinacula are strongly reduced in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFF3B5140FEAE5A57" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[212,340,1306,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galleriinae">Galleriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larval morphology allows a distinction of two sharply defined subgroups: one group (group A sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFCE803CFF335166FE505A35" author="Hasenfuss, I." box="[220,426,1340,1366]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref280672" refString="Hasenfuss, I. (1960) Die Larvalsystematik der Zunsler (Pyralidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1960">Hasenfuss (1960))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFDD95166FD0C5A35" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[566,758,1340,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Aphomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFDD95166FD615A35" box="[566,667,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aphomia</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(incl. the synonymous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFC135167FB445A34" authority="Ragonot" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1885" box="[1020,1214,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Corcyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFC135167FBA25A34" box="[1020,1112,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Corcyra</emphasis>
|
||
Ragonot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFB1B5166FF245A1A" authority="Zeller" authorityName="Zeller" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Melissoblaptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFB1B5166FA665A35" box="[1268,1436,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Melissoblaptes</emphasis>
|
||
Zeller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and another group comprising the wax moths
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFCEB5105FC185A1A" authority="Hubnerand" authorityName="Hubnerand" authorityYear="1819" box="[772,994,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Achroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFCEB5105FCA75A1A" box="[772,861,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Achroia</emphasis>
|
||
Hübnerand
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFC035105FB465A1A" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[1004,1212,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Galleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFC035105FBB15A1A" box="[1004,1099,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Galleria</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hasenfuss’ (1960) group B). Larvae of group A have six stemmata, and meso- and metathorax each have one macroscopic SV chaeta. Group B exhibits a range of derived characters that are absent in group A, such as a proventriculus that is probably an adaptation to the wax-eating habit of these species. Stemmata 1 and 2 as well as 3 and 4 are fused in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFAE7519DFA9D5A82" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[1288,1383,1479,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Galleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFAE7519DFA9D5A82" box="[1288,1383,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Galleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFF5A51B0FEF45967" authorityName="Hubnerand" authorityYear="1819" box="[181,270,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Achroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFF5A51B0FEF45967" box="[181,270,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Achroia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the stemmata are fully reduced apart from remains of stemmata 3 and 4. Meso- and metathorax feature two macroscopic SV chaetae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFCE803CFE065256FD5A5945" author="Hasenfuss, I." box="[489,672,1548,1574]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref280672" refString="Hasenfuss, I. (1960) Die Larvalsystematik der Zunsler (Pyralidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1960">Hasenfuss 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFCE803CFD445256FCDC5944" author="Solis, M. A." box="[683,806,1548,1575]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="645 - 686" refId="ref309859" refString="Solis, M. A. (1999) Key to selected Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) larvae intercepted at U. S. Ports of entry: Revision of Pyraloidea in " Keys to some frequently intercepted lepidopterous larvae " by D. M. Weisman, 1986. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 101 (3), 645 - 686." type="journal article" year="1999">Solis 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFCE803CFF285275FD3E59B6" blockId="21.[151,1437,1271,1750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFF285275FE9A592A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1583,1609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Food plants:</emphasis>
|
||
larvae of several species are feeders of dry vegetable matter and can become serious pests of stored plant products, as in the case of the rice moth
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFD125208FB8B590F" authority="(Stainton)" baseAuthorityName="Stainton" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[765,1137,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Aphomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFD125208FC0F590F" box="[765,1013,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aphomia cephalonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Stainton)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Wax moths in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFF78522EFF0C59ED" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,246,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Galleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFF78522EFF0C59ED" box="[151,246,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Galleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFEC5522EFE7959ED" authorityName="Hubnerand" authorityYear="1819" box="[298,387,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Achroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFEC5522EFE7959ED" box="[298,387,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Achroia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have larvae that feed on the combs of hymenopteran nests like those of the honey-bee, and are therefore considered apicultural pests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFCE803CFDAB52CDFCC959D2" author="Holloway, J. D. & Kibby, G. & Peggie, D." box="[580,819,1687,1713]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref282024" refString="Holloway, J. D., Kibby, G. & Peggie, D. (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies (Fauna Malesiana) (Vol. 3). Brill, Leiden, Boston, Koln, 455 pp., 8 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475595" type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Holloway
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFD5552C2FD0B59D2" box="[698,753,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFC5952CDFB2B59D2" box="[950,1233,1687,1713]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFCE803CFC5952CDFBDE59D2" box="[950,1060,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tirathaba</emphasis>
|
||
Walker species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are pests of palms (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFCE803CFF7052E1FEED59B6" box="[159,279,1723,1749]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) like coconut (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFCE803CFE5252E1FD4D59B6" author="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A." box="[445,695,1723,1749]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref297140" refString="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A. (1999) The Pyraloidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology section Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterfles. Walter de Gruyter, New York, pp. 233 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110804744.233" type="book chapter" year="1999">Munroe & Solis 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |