302 lines
36 KiB
XML
302 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="FC172CB0E9D7CE1D437188EC620A392B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3716.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b85d9e-a8fb-4ceb-9f20-65d2cd3c84df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220316" ID-ZooBank="F1AD3425-314F-4B5F-AE7A-2D683135DBE6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460682586901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Prieto, Carlos, Viloria, Angel L. & Andrade, Gonzalo" docDate="2013" docId="03B29E2BFFEC187AFF0FCD62FC74F979" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03716p538.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3716 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pedaliodes philinae Pyrcz & Prieto, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="537" masterDocId="FF8BE653FFE41873FF98C97BFFC1FF9A" masterDocTitle="New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="538" masterPageNumber="528" pageNumber="536" updateTime="1698350629498" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="389C295E74DEAE36740394A313CDC78A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C645D128D91E8A27AC374D6095FF186D">
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<mods:title id="2E198A05EAED059534AA5E51A5353040">New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E4D37716D197BC91FD2F5CBE4A8AA121" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B97F2966910E740D0165D082B6F77855">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="00FC6F5E3196D0309C64750228B6C476">Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F3B169C834E6891B4BD451E0BD30AE8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="124724DFA1D17453A6E7FEE07D7A3BE6">Prieto, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D224FF93E6BBA437C3B14D2D4A577E94" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8FF4C87CCA9F46F15362D4363B35F112">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E9A1D4E74161E9E3BB293B8C3DA61C1D">Viloria, Angel L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1489E9329AB7688B2F79A0FB7546F9C0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9A6EB9B6954839B34F0C33AD551F39D0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F858B6E2F5D52400710136918EE28901">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2054F6A1349A4E2304060999E00A1694">Andrade, Gonzalo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4DCE86DDEEAC4AE620BE4CF0E55918E8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B970EF5A1F65C822D0E11C33A89DC23C">
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<mods:title id="5C1892107F3DDC8D0DA928B06C967CA4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0E2C0A69FE7E4B5A4A2E282E6982E288">
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<mods:date id="825E05F03364193B612FE0422321BEE3">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E2DD8BFC7202F62A119A6D74F7939C26" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="76DCAD063A51B89E5FFA34B0F5D79477">3716</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D60CBC24DE15041FCB5610BB9B76B955" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D2011AF22E9F126DB453C60DF11428E2">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="65BA12038FF687DDC0E3A495707D36F4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5AB3005BC506D27A31FF81EFF8141C26" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3716.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DFF11B0E466AE1AB7261C1C1B992DED3" type="GBIF-Dataset">a9b85d9e-a8fb-4ceb-9f20-65d2cd3c84df</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5435FE66D1F14D7E304D83B6C0B87471" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E67A883980C1A9912F91A0825B2E680" type="Zenodo-Dep">220316</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B29E2BFFEC187AFF0FCD62FC74F979" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6151281" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6151281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B29E2BFFEC187AFF0FCD62FC74F979" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B29E2BFFEC187AFF0FCD62FC74F979" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">
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<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFEC187BFF0FCD62FEA4FBCE" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFEC187BFF0FCD62FD57FBA9" blockId="8.[151,662,1049,1109]" box="[151,662,1049,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">
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<heading id="D0EC9851FFEC187BFF0FCD62FD57FBA9" bold="true" box="[151,662,1049,1075]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFF0FCD62FD57FBA9" bold="true" box="[151,662,1049,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFEC187BFF0FCD62FD86FBA9" authority="Pyrcz & Prieto" authorityName="Pyrcz & Prieto" box="[151,583,1049,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philinae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFF0FCD62FE42FBA9" bold="true" box="[151,387,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Pedaliodes philinae</emphasis>
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Pyrcz & Prieto
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C4E54FFEC187BFDCCCD62FD57FBA9" box="[596,662,1049,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFEC187BFF0FCD47FEA4FBCE" blockId="8.[151,662,1049,1109]" box="[151,357,1084,1109]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132033B8FFEC187BFF07CD47FECBFBCE" box="[159,266,1084,1109]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[262,1342,215,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[221,1381,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Pedaliodes adults. 1, P. haydoni male (holotype); 2, P. porcia male; 3, P. adrianae male (holotype); 4, P. adrianae female (paratype); 5, P. rodriguezi male (holotype); 6, P. ro dr i gu e z i female (paratype); 7, P. philinae male (holotype); 8, P. philinae female (paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220317/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132033B8FFEC187BFE8ECD47FEF2FBCE" box="[278,307,1084,1108]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[247,1333,233,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1347,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia. Pedaliodes haydoni (paratype): 9 A, genitalia in lateral view; 9 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 9 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype): 10 A, genitalia in lateral view; 10 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 10 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes philinae (paratype): 11 A, genitalia in lateral view; 11 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 11 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes rodriguezi (paratype): 12 A, genitalia in lateral view; 12 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 12 C, aedeagus in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220318/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132033B8FFEC187BFEA7CD47FE9DFBCE" box="[319,348,1084,1108]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[378,1185,207,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13, Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype) female genitalia; 14, Pedaliodes philinae (paratype) female genitalia; 15, Pedaliodes rodriguezi male (Cerro San Felix, Antioquia, Colombia, 2900 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220319/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFEC187BFF0FCDFDFD97FACC" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFEC187BFF0FCDFDFD97FACC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1155,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFF0FCDFDFE4AFB05" bold="true" box="[151,395,1158,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFEC187BFE04CDFCFDF1FB05" box="[412,560,1159,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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(male):
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<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFEC187BFD3CCDFDFCD4FB05" box="[676,789,1158,1183]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, Antioquia, Urrao, Páramo de Frontino,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFEC187BFA81CDFDFA56FB05" box="[1305,1431,1155,1183]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" precision="15" value="6.4063888">6o24’23’’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFEC187BFF0FCDD6FEE7FB5C" box="[151,294,1194,1222]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" precision="15" value="-76.104996">76o06’18’’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE382D8FFEC187BFEABCDD5FE4BFB5F" box="[307,394,1198,1222]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
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, 0 8.2012, C. Prieto leg., MZUJ (to be deposited in MHN-UN);
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<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFEC187BFBCDCDD5FB31FB5C" box="[1109,1264,1198,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFEC187BFA98CDD5FA96FB5C" box="[1280,1367,1197,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFEC187BFA16CDD5FF35FB70" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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):
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<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFEC187BFE90CDAAFEA5FB70" box="[264,356,1233,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
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: Antioquia, Urrao, Páramo de Frontino,
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<quantity id="4CE382D8FFEC187BFCADCDA9FC4FFB73" box="[821,910,1234,1258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA509FDFFEC187BFC04CDA9FBCBFB70" box="[924,1034,1234,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" value="2012-01-07">07.I.2012</date>
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, i803, C. Prieto leg., CPC;
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<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFEC187BFADFCDA9FA58FB70" box="[1351,1433,1233,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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: Antioquia, Urrao, Páramo de Frontino,
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<date id="FFA509FDFFEC187BFDCECD8DFD17FA94" box="[598,726,1270,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" value="1981-12-27">27.12.1981</date>
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, G. Rodriguez leg., GRM;
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<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFEC187BFB91CD8DFBA1FA94" box="[1033,1120,1269,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFEC187BFB01CD8DFAC1FA94" box="[1177,1280,1269,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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: same data as the
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<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFEC187BFF58CC62FEE4FAA8" box="[192,293,1305,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, MZUJ;
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<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFEC187BFE11CC61FE2EFAA8" box="[393,495,1305,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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: Antioquia, Urrao, Vda. El Chuscal, El 15 Helecho,
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<quantity id="4CE382D8FFEC187BFBA6CC61FB54FAAB" box="[1086,1173,1306,1330]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" unit="m" value="3090.0">3090 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA509FDFFEC187BFB3ACC62FAE3FAA8" box="[1186,1314,1305,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" value="2010-08-26">26.08.2010</date>
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, P. Triviño C. leg., PTC163, ICN047178, ICN-UN.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFEC187BFF5FCC1AFDE8F9B4" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFEC187BFF5FCC1AFDE8F9B4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1155,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFF5FCC1AFE80FAE0" bold="true" box="[199,321,1377,1402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The only other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFEC187BFDEECC19FD33FAE0" box="[630,754,1378,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFDEECC19FD33FAE0" box="[630,754,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Andes of
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<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFEC187BFC2ECC1AFBE5FAE0" box="[950,1060,1377,1402]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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with a wide HWD orange patch extending in the postdiscal-marginal area from the anal margin to M3 is
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFEC187BFC70CCFEFA88FA04" authority="Hewitson" authorityName="Hewitson" box="[1000,1353,1413,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plotina">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFC70CCFEFB7FFA07" box="[1000,1214,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Pedaliodes plotina</emphasis>
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(Hewitson)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which occurs only in the Eastern Cordillera and differs in being smaller, with a blunt FW apex, and in having no pale yellow or whitish dots on the orange patch. The ventral color pattern of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFEC187BFC50CCB5FB81FA7F" box="[968,1088,1485,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philinae">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFC50CCB5FB81FA7F" box="[968,1088,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">P. philinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is nearly identical to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFEC187BFA1FCCB5FEEEF990" authority="Thieme" authorityName="Thieme" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polla">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFA1FCCB5FF10F990" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">P. polla</emphasis>
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Thieme
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species that occurs in the Eastern Cordillera of
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<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFEC187BFCC4CC8AFC0BF990" box="[860,970,1521,1546]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida and has an all brown dorsal surface.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFEC187AFF5FCF42FAA0FCA2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFEC187AFF5FCF42FCABFDA7" blockId="8.[151,1436,1155,2014]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,1763]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFF5FCF42FE98F9C8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1593,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFEC187BFEF9CF41FE5AF9C8" box="[353,411,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132033B8FFEC187BFE34CF42FE32F9C8" box="[428,499,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[262,1342,215,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[221,1381,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Pedaliodes adults. 1, P. haydoni male (holotype); 2, P. porcia male; 3, P. adrianae male (holotype); 4, P. adrianae female (paratype); 5, P. rodriguezi male (holotype); 6, P. ro dr i gu e z i female (paratype); 7, P. philinae male (holotype); 8, P. philinae female (paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220317/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="536">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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). Head: Antennae slender, reaching nearly half length of the costa, naked, orange brown, slightly darker brown dorsally, club formed gradually, slightly thicker than shaft, composed of 11 flagellomeres. Eyes chocolate brown, lustrous, covered with dense, black hair. Labial palpi two times as long as the head, covered with dark brown, black and sandy yellow hairy scales, ventrally long, laterally and dorsally short. Frons with a tuft of rather short, black and golden yellow hair. Thorax: Dorsally black, patagium, tegulae and prothorax covered with long, brown and golden yellow hairy scales, otherwise mostly naked; ventrally black; legs brown, femora and tibiae covered with sandy yellow scales, tarsi with numerous blackish, short spines. FW (length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFEC187BFF64CE4EFEABF8D7" box="[252,362,1845,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" unit="mm" value="29.5">29.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=2) with apex acute, outer margin slightly concave, truncated below apex, giving the impression of being undulated due to the intermittently dark brown fringes at vein ends and shorter, chestnut in the interveins. HW oval with an undulated outer margin, and dark brown fringes. FWD uniform glossy, dark brown. HWD glossy dark brown, except for a dark orange patch extending from vein M3 to anal margin, some
|
||
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFEC187BFA80CEDAFA99F823" box="[1304,1368,1953,1978]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="536" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with diffused basal edges, enclosing two submarginal lighter orange dots M3–Cu1 and Cu1–Cu2. FWV dull brown, a shade lighter than on the upperside, with a diffused, barely noticeable postdiscal band extending from costa to vein M3 made up of sparse sandy yellow scales; outer margin chocolate brown from apex to M3–Cu1. HWV ground color chocolate brown with a fine ripple pattern made of light orange and dark brown scales over the entire surface of the wing; postdiscal to submarginal area dustd with pale orage scales, denser from vein M3 to anal margin, and on mid-costa, enclosing a series of 5 rounded, pale orange dots, faint and barely noticeable, except two prominent dots in M3–Cu1 and Cu1–Cu2, as on the upperisde. Abdomen: Black, dorsally and laterally covered with black, ventrally with dense, sandy yellow and chestnut scales. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132033B8FFED187AFBE4C814FB11FE12" box="[1148,1232,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[247,1333,233,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1347,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia. Pedaliodes haydoni (paratype): 9 A, genitalia in lateral view; 9 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 9 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype): 10 A, genitalia in lateral view; 10 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 10 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes philinae (paratype): 11 A, genitalia in lateral view; 11 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 11 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes rodriguezi (paratype): 12 A, genitalia in lateral view; 12 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 12 C, aedeagus in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220318/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) with dorsum of tegumen flat, uncus stout, nearly straight, approximately ¾ the length of tegumen dorsum, subunci prominent, approximately 1/2 the length of uncus, pedunculus small, valvae roughly the length of tegumen+uncus, with one short and blunt dorsal process and and elongated pointed distal extremity; saccus wide and short, aedeagus as long as saccus+valve, slender, strongly flattened dorso ventrally, with a blunt apical extremity, proximal opening 2/5 the length of the entire aedeagus, as wide as the remaining part of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFED187AFF5FCB33FAA0FCA2" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFF5FCB33FEDAFDFA" box="[199,283,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132033B8FFED187AFEB4CB3CFEB0FDFA" box="[300,369,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[262,1342,215,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[221,1381,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Pedaliodes adults. 1, P. haydoni male (holotype); 2, P. porcia male; 3, P. adrianae male (holotype); 4, P. adrianae female (paratype); 5, P. rodriguezi male (holotype); 6, P. ro dr i gu e z i female (paratype); 7, P. philinae male (holotype); 8, P. philinae female (paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220317/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head and Thorax: Sexual dimorphism slight; paler brown on FWD and FWV, considerably paler, almost sandy yellow on the HWV; submarginal dots white, not yellow, FW length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFED187AFBE9CB17FB02FD1E" box="[1137,1219,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Abdomen: Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132033B8FFED187AFE9FCBF4FE99FD32" box="[263,344,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[378,1185,207,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13, Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype) female genitalia; 14, Pedaliodes philinae (paratype) female genitalia; 15, Pedaliodes rodriguezi male (Cerro San Felix, Antioquia, Colombia, 2900 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220319/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) with papillae anales medium sized. Antrum enclosed by a wide basin strengthened internally by a strongly sclerotized slat-like lamella antevaginalis. Bursa copulatrix oval. Signa approximately half length of corpus burse, parallel and wide, with a spiny surface. Ductus bursae very wide and slightly sclerotized. Ductus seminalis connecting to ductus bursae near its proximal opening. Female genitalia very similar in most respects to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFF0FCA5BFEB5FCA2" box="[151,372,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFF0FCA5BFEB5FCA2" box="[151,372,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Pedaliodes haydoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFE1ACA64FE00FCA2" bold="true" box="[386,449,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C4E54FFED187AFE1ACA64FE00FCA2" box="[386,449,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, except for the larger corpus bursae, and denser and longer hair on papillae anales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFED187AFF5FCA3FFB3DFC18" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFED187AFF5FCA3FFB3DFC18" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFF5FCA3FFE8FFCC7" bold="true" box="[199,334,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is dedicated to Peter Deivel, a former
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFED187AFC02CA3FFC35FCC6" box="[922,1012,836,860]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
Lufthansa jet plane pilot, and named for his beloved daughter Philine Pahnke for her 18th birthday because of her fondness of wild nature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFED187AFF5FCAF5FC74F979" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFED187AFF5FCAF5FBABFC51" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFF5FCAF5FE8EFC3D" bold="true" box="[199,335,910,935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known only from the Páramo de Frontino massif where it occurs in the uppermost forest near timberline; it is the most abundant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFC89CAC8FC4CFC51" box="[785,909,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFC89CAC8FC4CFC51" box="[785,909,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFED187AFC41CAC8FBC8FC51" box="[985,1033,947,971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFED187AFF5FCAADFC74F979" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFF5FCAADFE8DFC75" bold="true" box="[199,332,982,1007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
In a faunal monograph of the Colombian Western Cordillera, Pyrcz & Rodríguez (2007) speculated that the number of species belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFD40CA81FCA8FB89" box="[728,873,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pronophilina">Pronophilina</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this range is still underestimated. They pointed out that in particular the isolated Páramo de Frontino in its northern part is an undersampled and biotically diverse area. This prediction has been confirmed in this paper. Adding the new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFBF2CD38FB27FBC1" box="[1130,1254,1091,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFBF2CD38FB27FBC1" box="[1130,1254,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFABECD38FEBAFBE5" authority="Hewitson" authorityName="Hewitson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Apexacuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orsedice">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFABECD38FF37FBE5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Apexacuta orsedice</emphasis>
|
||
(Hewitson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
detected recently in Frontino by K. Garwood (pers. comm.), the total number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFA93CD1DFA5DFBE5" box="[1291,1436,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pronophilina">Pronophilina</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Western Cordillera increases to 88 species, compared to 53 listed by Adams (1986), and 83 listed by Pyrcz & Rodríguez (2007). Similarly, the ratio of endemic species in the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFC56CDD5FB9EFB5D" box="[974,1119,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pronophilina">Pronophilina</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Western Cordillera is higher than previously reported—26% overall and 46% in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFC33CDA8FBE6FB71" box="[939,1063,1235,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFC33CDA8FBE6FB71" box="[939,1063,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most of the endemic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFF0FCD8CFED2FA95" box="[151,275,1271,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFF0FCD8CFED2FA95" box="[151,275,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFEC1CD8CFC9CFA95" authority="L. Miller, J. Miller & Viloria" authorityName="L. Miller, J. Miller & Viloria" box="[345,861,1270,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neopedaliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFEC1CD8CFE3EFA95" box="[345,511,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Neopedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||
L. Miller, J. Miller & Viloria
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are reported from high elevations in the isolated massifs in the central (Farallones de Cali) or northern part of the range (Tatamá, Farallones de Citará,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFADECC60FF3DFACD" authority="Frontino" authorityName="Frontino" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paramo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Páramo Frontino</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but some are restricted to lower elevations on the western slopes of the range (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFB3ECC3BFA5BFACD" authority="Kruger, P." authorityName="Kruger, P." box="[1190,1434,1343,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paramo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFB3ECC3BFADFFACD" box="[1190,1310,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
Krüger,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFA1FCC3BFA5BFACD" box="[1415,1434,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caeca Pyrcz & Viloria). With the description of four new taxa, the total number of species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFB30CC18FA5DFAE1" box="[1192,1436,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFB30CC18FAA8FAE0" box="[1192,1385,1379,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Pedaliodes
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C4E54FFED187AFAB3CC18FAA8FAE0" box="[1323,1385,1379,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lato
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFED187AFF2ECCFDFEE5FA05" box="[182,292,1414,1439]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
increases to 104 (another 5 undescribed species have been identified (Pyrcz, in prep.)). Colombia’s species richness of the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFE62CCD1FD4AFA59" box="[506,651,1450,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pronophilina">Pronophilina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now 208 species, second only to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFED187AFB85CCD0FB91FA58" box="[1053,1104,1451,1474]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(approximately 300 species). The new species described herein show close affinities with widespread polytypic species or groups of closely related species. In particular, the HWV color pattern and male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFC4ACC88FB88F991" box="[978,1097,1523,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFC4ACC88FB88F991" box="[978,1097,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. philinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show far-reaching similarities to a group of widespread species which includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFD54CF63FCE2F9B5" box="[716,803,1559,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFD54CF63FCE2F9B5" box="[716,803,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. polla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFED187AFCF3CF6DFC1BF9B5" box="[875,986,1558,1583]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFED187AFB8CCF6DFB4BF9B5" box="[1044,1162,1558,1583]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFB51CF63FA5AF9B5" authority="Thieme" authorityName="Thieme" box="[1225,1435,1558,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asconia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFB51CF63FAFCF9B5" box="[1225,1341,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. asconia</emphasis>
|
||
Thieme
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring throughout the eastern slopes of the Andes in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFED187AFC97CF41FCAFF9C9" box="[783,878,1594,1619]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The same morphological characters indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFF0FCF1BFEDCF9ED" box="[151,285,1631,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adrianae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFF0FCF1BFEDCF9ED" box="[151,285,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. adrianae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently closely related to a number of orange-banded species from the Colombian Eastern Cordillera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFEECCFF8FE15F901" box="[372,468,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFEECCFF8FE15F901" box="[372,468,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. phaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFE7DCFF8FD92F901" box="[485,595,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFE7DCFF8FD92F901" box="[485,595,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. fuscata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFDFACFF8FD21F901" box="[610,736,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bernardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFDFACFF8FD21F901" box="[610,736,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. bernardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the newly described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFB94CFF8FB45F901" box="[1036,1156,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFB94CFF8FB45F901" box="[1036,1156,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">P. haydoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is interesting that the closest allies of both new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFED187AFE5BCFDCFDFEF925" box="[451,575,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFED187AFE5BCFDCFDFEF925" box="[451,575,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="537">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northern extremity of Western Cordillera occur in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera, not in the geographically closest Central Cordillera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |