567 lines
73 KiB
XML
567 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="4A96F0762DB03DD2CA303F670DDD3B02" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3920.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="895f5d96-6bbe-41d0-a95e-661022ee5e82" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240661" ID-ZooBank="7C444B23-6A42-4B63-93C3-9927D836C631" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460994803421" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huang, Hao & Chen, Chang-Chin" docDate="2015" docId="039B7E53B27CFFAAFF09FD29CE37C00B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03920p170.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3920 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Echinoaesalus chungi Huang & Chen, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="FFA2062BB27DFFACFF9EFF9ACB53C321" masterDocTitle="Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from Taiwan, with description of the new species of the genus Echinoaesalus Zelenka, 1993 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1698562557755" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="31FAC02F49EA79254F7BC9C43961A458">
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<mods:title id="612787605EDFB6C15145260ACA4F5770">Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from Taiwan, with description of the new species of the genus Echinoaesalus Zelenka, 1993 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7728B76FC7B138E7AD53EA9A27ACF093">Huang, Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2297A7358B2C07566BF9958094B46B8">Chen, Chang-Chin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2583F07537F3FA491D89801D69863ACC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3FB941B3495DF840DBA34D10C33000D1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="19C188A728F40554337B822BF2A0372E">
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<mods:date id="2C5FC490ED62810CBD2E3C47CE96CF68">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="87FEE666B60C2D3E7896720FCD4CC1CA">3920</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F12757E6A4AC09A185C3A2EDF2E1F3A0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3920.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF22FC313D2C7A319E346FE4A044453B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039B7E53B27CFFAAFF09FD29CE37C00B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106047" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106047" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B7E53B27CFFAAFF09FD29CE37C00B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B7E53B27CFFAAFF09FD29CE37C00B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="C3289CCEB27CFFADFF09FD29C9D8C1CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFADFF09FD29C85AC1EF" blockId="1.[151,777,691,751]" box="[151,777,691,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="D0C57829B27CFFADFF09FD29C85AC1EF" bold="true" box="[151,777,691,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9461357B27CFFADFF09FD29C85AC1EF" bold="true" box="[151,777,691,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27CFFADFF09FD29C938C1EF" ID-CoL="38G4W" authority="Huang & Chen" authorityName="Huang & Chen" box="[151,619,691,718]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9461357B27CFFADFF09FD29CAF6C1EC" bold="true" box="[151,421,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
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Huang & Chen
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275AE2CB27CFFADFDE7FD2EC85AC1EF" box="[633,777,692,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFADFF09FD4CC9D8C1CE" blockId="1.[151,777,691,751]" box="[151,651,726,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27CFFADFF01FD4CCA0CC1CE" box="[159,351,726,751]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStart-2="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1904,1927]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1572,1595]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,216,1793]" captionTargetBox-2="[199,1353,197,1540]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1822]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[199,1353,193,1541]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Echinoaesalus chungi, habitus under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 1 – 3 — male paratype; 4 – 6 — female paratype; 1, 4 — dorsal view; 2, 5 — ventral view; 3, 6 — lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Echinoaesalus species under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 7 – 9 — Echinoaesalus chungi, paratypes; 10 – 12 — Echinoaesalus arayai, paratypes; 7 – 8, 10 – 12 — males; 9 — female." captionText-2="FIGURES 13 – 14. Echinoaesalus chungi, heads in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 13 — male paratype; 14 — female paratype. Arrows directed to the lateral ends of labrum." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240662/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/240663/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Figs. 1–7, 10–13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27CFFADFEF4FD4CCA8FC1CE" box="[362,476,726,751]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1634,1657]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionText-0="FIGURES 15 – 19. Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratype; 16 – 17 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratypes; 18 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male holotype; 19 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus." captionText-1="FIGURES 20 – 22. Prosternal process in full face. 20 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype; 21 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratype; 22 — Echinoaesalus jaechi (after Zelenka 1994). Arrow directed to the protruding center of anterior margin. FIGURES 23 – 24. Antennae of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 23 — male paratype; 24 — female paratype." pageId="1" pageNumber="164">15, 19–21</figureCitation>
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, 23–29, 36, 39)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3289CCEB27CFFAEFF09FC84C848C11C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFADFF09FC84C81EC082" blockId="1.[151,1437,798,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="B9461357B27CFFADFF09FC84CAEAC016" bold="true" box="[151,441,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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<typeStatus id="548971E7B27CFFADFF09FC84CB81C016" box="[151,210,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="548971E7B27CFFADFED2FC84CAEAC016" box="[332,441,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27CFFADFE56FC84C902C016" box="[456,593,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Echinoaesalus chungi, habitus under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 1 – 3 — male paratype; 4 – 6 — female paratype; 1, 4 — dorsal view; 2, 5 — ventral view; 3, 6 — lateral view." pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Figs. 1–2, 6</figureCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="B9461357B27CFFADFDF8FC84C9B3C016" bold="true" box="[614,736,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3258FD5B27CFFADFDF8FC84C988C016" box="[614,731,798,823]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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♂, Pingtung County, Li-long-shan,
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<quantity id="4CCA62A0B27CFFADFBEAFC84CFBDC016" box="[1140,1262,798,823]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="625.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="600.0">600–650m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF8CE985B27CFFADFB64FC85CE3EC016" box="[1274,1389,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" value="2014-03-01">1.III.2014</date>
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, Yi- Ting Chung leg. (
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<collectionCode id="ED235780B27CFFADFEFFFCD9CA99C07A" box="[353,458,835,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">NMNST</collectionCode>
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||
).
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||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27CFFADFE40FCD8C9B0C07A" bold="true" box="[478,739,834,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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||
<typeStatus id="548971E7B27CFFADFE40FCD8C909C07A" box="[478,602,834,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3258FD5B27CFFADFDF6FCD8C98DC07A" box="[616,734,834,859]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
17 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, same data as for the
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<typeStatus id="548971E7B27CFFADFB12FCD8CFBDC07A" box="[1164,1262,834,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in CHH,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D3404CCB27CFFADFF7CFCFCCA5DC05F" box="[226,270,870,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
in
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<collectionCode id="ED235780B27CFFADFEABFCFDCADFC05F" box="[309,396,871,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">BMNH</collectionCode>
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||
, 13 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ in
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<collectionCode id="ED235780B27CFFADFDFFFCFCC9E2C05E" box="[609,689,870,895]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3dng-x47a" name="Carthage College" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">CCCC</collectionCode>
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||
); 17 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀, same locality as
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||
<typeStatus id="548971E7B27CFFADFBDDFCFCCFFBC05E" box="[1091,1192,870,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
,
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<date id="FF8CE985B27CFFADFB2BFCFCCE64C05E" box="[1205,1335,870,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" value="2014-11-25">25.XI.2014</date>
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, Yi-Ting Chung, Chang-Chin Chen, & Bo-Xin Kuo leg. (all in
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<collectionCode id="ED235780B27CFFADFD6FFC11C812C082" box="[753,833,907,931]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3dng-x47a" name="Carthage College" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">CCCC</collectionCode>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFADFF59FC34CA10C0CB" blockId="1.[151,1437,798,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27CFFADFF59FC34CA9FC0E6" bold="true" box="[199,460,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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||
<typeStatus id="548971E7B27CFFADFF59FC34CA67C0E6" box="[199,308,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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description.
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</emphasis>
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Length of pronotum-elytra measured from apex of pronotum to the caudal end of elytra: 3.4 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFADFF59FC6CC827C712" blockId="1.[151,1437,798,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Ground color of the whole body on both surfaces dark reddish brown. Bristles on dorsal surface of the body dark brown. Bristles on ventral surface of the body bright yellow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFADFF59FBA4CF25C526" blockId="1.[151,1437,798,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Head: Width approximately 0.45 times as wide as pronotum. Interocular width about 4 times as wide as eye. Anterior portion of head in front of eye nearly as long as eye. Intermandibular projection obtusely angled, not protruding. Canthus present, nearly even in width throughout, with end rounded and hardly beyond eye. Left mandible with a subapical dorsal tooth and a subapical ventral tooth. Right mandible with a subapical dorsal tooth but without ventral tooth. Both mandibles with mola well developed and massive in inner lateral view, and each with a setose prostheca along medial edge. Labrum setose, movable and nearly 1/3 times as wide as head. Galea of maxilla with setae on apex regularly curved and brush-like. Lacinia of maxilla free and large. Ligula bilobed and setose. Base of labial palpomere 1 concealed by mentum. Palp insertions on prementum separated by a distance equal to 3–4 times the width of first palp. Antenna partially geniculate and composed of ten antennomeres. Antennal scape without longitudinal groove. Antennal club composed of the last three antennomeres and completely pubescent. Antennomere 3 elongate, nearly twice as long as wide. Mentum transverse and rounded at lateral corners, setose near borders but glabrous in central area, microsculptured but without large punctures, and with a transversal central sulcus that is bent backwards at lateral ends (hooked laterally).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFADFF59F988CF86C450" blockId="1.[151,1437,798,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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Thorax and abdomen: Ratio of pronotum-elytra-length to elytra-width: 1.46. Ratio of thickness to length of elytra: 0.66. Dorsal line of elytra in lateral view strongly and evenly convex. Pronotum and elytra densely punctate, with punctures irregularly distributed and not serially in longitudinal lines. Scutellum slightly longer than wide. Intercoxal process of prosternum plate-like, slightly convex in lateral view, with posterior margin almost as far as procoxae, without a step-like projection posteriorly. A pair of sublongitudinal cavities present just behind mesocoxae on metasternum. Metasternum and abdominal ventrites without long sulci. Posterior margin of the last visible abdominal ventrite rounded, but rather flat near center. Semicircular punctures along the anterior margin of the abdominal ventrites 3–5 transverse and markedly broader than those of the abdominal ventrites 1–2. Hindwing as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27CFFADFF4AF8A9C911C46A" authority="Huang & Imura, 2011" authorityName="Huang & Imura" authorityYear="2011" box="[212,578,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
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<emphasis id="B9461357B27CFFADFF4AF8A9CA6EC46B" box="[212,317,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">E. arayai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27CFFADFEDBF8A9C911C46A" author="Huang" box="[325,578,1843,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" refString="Huang, H., Imura, Y. & Wu, L. (2011) Description of three new taxa of Echinoaesalus Zelenka from Borneo and Java (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Kogane, 12, 97 - 107. [Tokyo]" type="journal article" year="2011">Huang & Imura, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: veins 3dA1 and 3dA2 clearly defined; vein 3dA2 not reaching the margin of wing; origin of vein 3dA1 close to base of vein 3dA2; vein 3dA1 nearly in parallel with vein 2dA3.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27CFFAEFF59F81ACFFDC3F5" blockId="1.[151,1437,798,2017]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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Surface structures: Vestiture of pronotum and elytra consisting of two
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<typeStatus id="548971E7B27CFFADFC40F81BCF4AC4B8" box="[990,1049,1921,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of elements: the stick-like bristles and the irregularly branched tomenta. Bristles longitudinally ribbed, inserted anteriorly in the wall of the punctures, sparsely distributed but placed serially in 11 longitudinal lines, erect and not forming clumps. Tomenta arising anteriorly in the wall of the punctures. All punctures with margins sharply defined, and with floor raised and polygonally sculptured. Puncture of bristle not associated with a tubercle outside of puncture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27FFFAEFF59FF7ACFA2C244" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Legs: Protibia markedly broadened from base to apex, with a minute inner terminal spur, an outer apical spine and 2 smaller spines on outer lateral margin, and with seta-tuft along the inner lateral margin near apex. Apical spine curved and nearly half as long as the width of protibia at apex. Mesotibia with 2–3 small spines. Metatibia smooth on outer lateral margin. All tarsi short, with the combined length about half as long as tibia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27FFFAEFF59FEF5C848C11C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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Male genitalia (Figs. 36
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||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFE76FEF5CAA5C2A9" bold="true" box="[488,502,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">–</emphasis>
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41): 9th abdominal segment slender and elongate; basal lobe obsolete; paired pleurites plate-like and protruding ventrally; dorsal plate membranous. Basal piece short and small, not longer than parameres. Parameres nearly half as long as medial lobe of parameres. Medial lobe gently curved and gradually widened from base to apex in lateral view, contracted at middle but generally tuber-like in dorsal view, asymmetrical and not completely sclerotized at apex, with outer half of dorsal surface not pigmented, and with a long and twisted sclerite originating from ventral surface.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3289CCEB27FFFAEFF59FDDDCAECC7C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27FFFAEFF59FDDDC8C9C1A4" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFF59FDDDC96AC141" bold="true" box="[199,569,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Description of male
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<typeStatus id="548971E7B27FFFAEFE22FDDDC967C141" box="[444,564,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
Individual variation is only found in the color of the body on both surfaces and the length of canthus. There is no variation in the male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27FFFAEFF59FD15C9AFC731" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFF59FD15C91AC189" bold="true" box="[199,585,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Description of female
|
||
<typeStatus id="548971E7B27FFFAEFE52FD15C917C189" box="[460,580,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual dimorphism in external morphology is very striking. Differences are found in the following characters. Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFDF7FD2EC9FDC1ED" box="[617,686,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Echinoaesalus chungi, habitus under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 1 – 3 — male paratype; 4 – 6 — female paratype; 1, 4 — dorsal view; 2, 5 — ventral view; 3, 6 — lateral view." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 0.40 times as wide as pronotum, thinner than in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFAF1FD2ECBF7C1D1" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Echinoaesalus chungi, habitus under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 1 – 3 — male paratype; 4 – 6 — female paratype; 1, 4 — dorsal view; 2, 5 — ventral view; 3, 6 — lateral view." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFEB9FD4DCA29C1D1" box="[295,378,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1572,1595]" captionTargetBox="[199,1353,197,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[199,1353,193,1541]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Echinoaesalus chungi, heads in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 13 — male paratype; 14 — female paratype. Arrows directed to the lateral ends of labrum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240663/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) nearly 1/5 times as wide as head, thinner than in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFB99FD4DCF0FC1D1" box="[1031,1116,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1572,1595]" captionTargetBox="[199,1353,197,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[199,1353,193,1541]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Echinoaesalus chungi, heads in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 13 — male paratype; 14 — female paratype. Arrows directed to the lateral ends of labrum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240663/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Galea of maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFADFFD4DCEC7C1D1" box="[1345,1428,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Labium and maxilla of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 25 – 27 — male holotype; 28 – 30 — female paratype; 25, 28 — labium in ventral view; 26, 29 — labium in dorsal view to show ligula; 27, 30 — maxilla. Arrows indicating ligula." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
) thinner than in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFE14FD66CA8DC035" box="[394,478,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Labium and maxilla of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 25 – 27 — male holotype; 28 – 30 — female paratype; 25, 28 — labium in ventral view; 26, 29 — labium in dorsal view to show ligula; 27, 30 — maxilla. Arrows indicating ligula." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
), with setae on apex not brush-like. Lacinia of maxilla free but smaller than in male. Ligula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFF71FC85CA13C019" box="[239,320,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Labium and maxilla of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 25 – 27 — male holotype; 28 – 30 — female paratype; 25, 28 — labium in ventral view; 26, 29 — labium in dorsal view to show ligula; 27, 30 — maxilla. Arrows indicating ligula." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
) obsolete and not large and bilobed as in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFCCAFC85C8FBC019" box="[852,936,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Labium and maxilla of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 25 – 27 — male holotype; 28 – 30 — female paratype; 25, 28 — labium in ventral view; 26, 29 — labium in dorsal view to show ligula; 27, 30 — maxilla. Arrows indicating ligula." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palp insertions on prementum separated by a distance equal to width of first palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFDDBFCDEC9CAC07D" box="[581,665,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Labium and maxilla of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 25 – 27 — male holotype; 28 – 30 — female paratype; 25, 28 — labium in ventral view; 26, 29 — labium in dorsal view to show ligula; 27, 30 — maxilla. Arrows indicating ligula." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFC84FCDEC8F3C07C" box="[794,928,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1634,1657]" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratype; 16 – 17 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratypes; 18 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male holotype; 19 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
) thinner than in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFB00FCDECE76C07D" box="[1182,1317,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1634,1657]" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratype; 16 – 17 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratypes; 18 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male holotype; 19 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
) and more angled at anterior corners, with 3 well separated sulci instead of the transversal sulcus in male. Intercoxal process of prosternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFEDDFC16CAC7C085" box="[323,404,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Prosternal process in full face. 20 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype; 21 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratype; 22 — Echinoaesalus jaechi (after Zelenka 1994). Arrow directed to the protruding center of anterior margin. FIGURES 23 – 24. Antennae of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 23 — male paratype; 24 — female paratype." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) thinner than in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFD0CFC16C9B6C085" box="[658,741,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Prosternal process in full face. 20 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype; 21 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratype; 22 — Echinoaesalus jaechi (after Zelenka 1994). Arrow directed to the protruding center of anterior margin. FIGURES 23 – 24. Antennae of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 23 — male paratype; 24 — female paratype." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
), with a markedly shorter anterior margin. Posterior margin of the last visible abdominal ventrite more arched near center than in male. Protibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFBD0FC35CFF1C0E9" box="[1102,1186,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Right protibia in dorsal view under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 31 – 33 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratypes; 34 – 35 — Echinoaesalus chungi, paratypes; 34 — male; 35 — female. Arrow directed to the marked longer apical spine in female than in male." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) thinner than in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFF01FC4ECBA7C0CD" box="[159,244,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Right protibia in dorsal view under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 31 – 33 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratypes; 34 – 35 — Echinoaesalus chungi, paratypes; 34 — male; 35 — female. Arrow directed to the marked longer apical spine in female than in male." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
), with apical spine longer than half the width of protibia at apex. Last abdominal ventrite with a central projection on anterior margin, which is absent in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27FFFAEFF59FB86CAECC7C9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFE0AFB86CAB9C714" box="[404,490,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1824]" captionText="FIGURE 51. Female genitalia of Echinoaesalus chungi, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm. Abbreviations for 50 – 51: st, stylus; hs, hemisternite; mo, median oviduct; bd, bursal duct; bc, bursa copulatrix; sd, spermathecal duct; s, spermatheca; sg, spermathecal gland; ag, accessory gland." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hemisternites well sclerotized and setose near rounded apex, with styli elongate, sclerotized, non-setose, and pointed outwards; bursal duct short and wide; bursa copulatrix shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFAAAFBDBCECFC776" box="[1332,1436,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFAAAFBDBCECFC776" box="[1332,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFF01FBFECBA5C75C" box="[159,246,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1772,1794]" captionText="FIGURE 50. Female genitalia of Echinoaesalus arayai, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
); accessory gland originated near the entrance of bursa copulatrix; spermathecal duct slender and long, arising from the terminal end of bursa copulatrix; spermatheca small; spermathecal gland long and slender, not strongly demarcated from its duct; the combined length of spermathecal gland and its duct much greater than the length of the spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3289CCEB27FFFAAFF59FB6ECFB7C3D6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27FFFAEFF59FB6ECF32C5C2" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFF59FB6ECA69C62C" bold="true" box="[199,314,1268,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. This new species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFC9EFB6FC83DC62D" box="[768,878,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFC9EFB6FC83DC62D" box="[768,878,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Borneo, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: 1) size of the entire body smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFC4BFA8DCF01C611" box="[981,1106,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1904,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,216,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Echinoaesalus species under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 7 – 9 — Echinoaesalus chungi, paratypes; 10 – 12 — Echinoaesalus arayai, paratypes; 7 – 8, 10 – 12 — males; 9 — female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 7–12</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2) elytra more elongate; 3) apical spine of protibia markedly longer in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFC9DFAA6C8DFC674" box="[771,908,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Right protibia in dorsal view under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 31 – 33 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratypes; 34 – 35 — Echinoaesalus chungi, paratypes; 34 — male; 35 — female. Arrow directed to the marked longer apical spine in female than in male." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 31–35</figureCitation>
|
||
); 4) male mentum with laterally hooked sulcus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFF01FAC5CA0AC659" box="[159,345,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1634,1657]" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratype; 16 – 17 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratypes; 18 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male holotype; 19 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 15, 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
); 5) female mentum with only separated sulci instead of a transverse sulcus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFB7FFAC5CE3EC659" box="[1249,1389,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1634,1657]" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratype; 16 – 17 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratypes; 18 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male holotype; 19 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
); 6) bristles inserted anteriorly in the wall of the punctures on dorsal surface of the body, not centrally as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFA91FA1FCE25C6BD" box="[1295,1398,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFA91FA1FCE25C6BD" box="[1295,1398,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 7) bristles on elytra placed serially in 11 longitudinal lines, not irregularly as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFC71FA31CF04C6E3" box="[1007,1111,1451,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFC71FA31CF04C6E3" box="[1007,1111,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 8) 9th abdominal segment of male with relatively larger paired pleurites (Figs. 36, 42); 9) medial lobe of parameres with weakly pigmented dorsal surface on distal half (Figs. 40, 46) and with the pigmented distal sclerite interrupted on dorsal surface (Figs. 40, 46); 10) female genitalia with longer styli, thinner hemisternites and shorter bursa copulatrix (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFB4BF98CCE0FC50E" box="[1237,1372,1558,1583]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 50" captionStart-1="FIGURE 51" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1772,1794]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1802,1824]" captionText-0="FIGURE 50. Female genitalia of Echinoaesalus arayai, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 51. Female genitalia of Echinoaesalus chungi, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm. Abbreviations for 50 – 51: st, stylus; hs, hemisternite; mo, median oviduct; bd, bursal duct; bc, bursa copulatrix; sd, spermathecal duct; s, spermatheca; sg, spermathecal gland; ag, accessory gland." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 50–51</figureCitation>
|
||
).This new species undoubtedly belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFDFEF9A1C981C573" box="[608,722,1595,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFDFEF9A1C981C573" box="[608,722,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27FFFAEFCB4F9A1C8A9C572" author="Huang" box="[810,1018,1595,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refString="Huang, H., Imura, Y. & Wu, L. (2011) Description of three new taxa of Echinoaesalus Zelenka from Borneo and Java (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Kogane, 12, 97 - 107. [Tokyo]" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Huang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFCE0F9A1C8E3C572" box="[894,944,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with only the stick-like bristles and tomenta but devoid of the scale-like bristles on dorsal surface of the body. It closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFB50F9FACB9CC5BA" authority="Zelenka, 1993" authorityName="Zelenka" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaechi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFB50F9FACE61C556" box="[1230,1330,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. jaechi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27FFFAEFAA4F9C4CB9CC5BA" author="Zelenka" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refString="Zelenka, W. (1993) Echinoaesalus gen. n. eine neue Lucaniden-Gattung aus Sudostasien (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 63, 235 - 237." type="journal article" year="1993">Zelenka, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sulawesi in having the similar size of the entire body and the serially placed bristles on elytra, but can be distinguished from the latter by having punctures on the elytra not placed serially in longitudinal lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFAD9F93CCBF5C5C2" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Echinoaesalus chungi, habitus under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 1 – 3 — male paratype; 4 – 6 — female paratype; 1, 4 — dorsal view; 2, 5 — ventral view; 3, 6 — lateral view." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 1, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the anterior margin of prosternal process not protruding in center (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFC54F950CF06C5C2" box="[970,1109,1738,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Prosternal process in full face. 20 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype; 21 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratype; 22 — Echinoaesalus jaechi (after Zelenka 1994). Arrow directed to the protruding center of anterior margin. FIGURES 23 – 24. Antennae of Echinoaesalus chungi under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 23 — male paratype; 24 — female paratype." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 20–22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27FFFA9FF59F974C8D1C587" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,1523,1886]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
This species is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFDBBF96AC811C426" authority="Araya, 1993" authorityName="Araya" authorityYear="1993" box="[549,834,1775,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFDBBF96AC9C9C426" box="[549,666,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
(Araya, 1993)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Malay Peninsula, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: 1) elytra of both sexes more elongate than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFABDF889CEC7C40B" box="[1315,1428,1811,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFABDF889CEC7C40B" box="[1315,1428,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2) the pair of cavities on the metasternum just behind the mesocoxae almost longitudinal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFB1EF8ACCFBAC46E" box="[1152,1257,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Echinoaesalus chungi, habitus under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 1 – 3 — male paratype; 4 – 6 — female paratype; 1, 4 — dorsal view; 2, 5 — ventral view; 3, 6 — lateral view." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), not so oblique as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFF47F8C1CA1DC453" box="[217,334,1883,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFF47F8C1CA1DC453" box="[217,334,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) male canthus nearly even in width throughout, not widened toward the distal end as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFA1AF8C1CBB9C4B6" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFA1AF8C1CBB9C4B6" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 4) elytra of female evenly punctate everywhere, not so densely punctate around the sutural line as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFA1AF81ACBB9C49B" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFA1AF81ACBB9C49B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 5) male mentum with a clearly marked transversal sulcus which is bent backward at lateral ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFAFAF838CB8CC4FE" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1634,1657]" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratype; 16 – 17 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratypes; 18 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male holotype; 19 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
), female mentum with 3 well separated sulci (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309D3C0B27FFFAEFD7AF85CC83EC4FE" box="[740,877,1990,2015]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1634,1657]" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15 — Echinoaesalus arayai, male paratype; 16 – 17 — Echinoaesalus chungi, female paratypes; 18 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male holotype; 19 — Echinoaesalus chungi, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus." pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27FFFAEFB05F852CE5FC4FE" box="[1179,1292,1992,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27FFFAEFB05F852CE5FC4FE" box="[1179,1292,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such sulcus
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FF09FA69CA33C528" bold="true" box="[151,352,1523,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURES 36–47.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia under same scale (scale bar
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA62A0B278FFA9FCE6FA6EC890C52B" box="[888,963,1524,1546]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
). 36–41—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FBA7FA6ECE77C528" box="[1081,1316,1524,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FBA7FA6ECE77C528" box="[1081,1316,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="548971E7B278FFA9FAA2FA6ECECBC52B" box="[1340,1432,1524,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; 42–47—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FF71F98FCA9DC50A" box="[239,462,1557,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FF71F98FCA9DC50A" box="[239,462,1557,1579]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Echinoaesalus arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="548971E7B278FFA9FE40F98CC96AC50A" box="[478,569,1558,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
; 36, 42—9th abdominal segment in lateral view; 37, 43—9th abdominal segment in ventral view; 38, 44—medial lobe of parameres in ventral view, arrow directed to end of paramere; 39, 45—medial lobe of parameres in right lateral view, arrow directed to beginning of the weakly pigmented portion; 40, 46—medial lobe of parameres in dorsal view, arrow directed to beginning of the weakly pigmented portion, arrow also directed to the interrupted portion of distal sclerite in 40; 41, 47—medial lobe of parameres in left lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB27EFFAFFF09F8A9C810C449" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27EFFAFFF09F8A9C810C449" blockId="3.[151,1436,1843,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFF09F8A9CA13C469" bold="true" box="[151,320,1843,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27EFFAFFED2F8A9C961C469" box="[332,562,1843,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFED2F8A9C961C469" box="[332,562,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, habitus under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFBA3F8AECF1AC468" bold="true" box="[1085,1097,1844,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
3—male paratype; 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFABAF8AECE63C468" bold="true" box="[1316,1328,1844,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
6—female paratype; 1, 4—dorsal view; 2, 5—ventral view; 3, 6—lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB27EFFAFFF09F8EAC8DFC484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240662/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" targetBox="[151,1436,216,1793]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27EFFAFFF09F8EAC8DFC484" blockId="3.[151,1436,1843,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFF09F8EACA1CC4A4" bold="true" box="[151,335,1904,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">FIGURES 7–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27EFFAFFEC3F8EBCAA2C4A7" box="[349,497,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFEC3F8EBCAA2C4A7" box="[349,497,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Echinoaesalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 7
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFB98F8EBCF41C4A7" bold="true" box="[1030,1042,1905,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
9—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27EFFAFFBA6F8EBCE4CC4A7" box="[1080,1311,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFBA6F8EBCE4CC4A7" box="[1080,1311,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratypes; 10
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFF2EF815CBEEC485" bold="true" box="[176,189,1935,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
12—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27EFFAFFF71F815CA98C484" box="[239,459,1935,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFF71F815CA98C484" box="[239,459,1935,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Echinoaesalus arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratypes; 7
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFDCDF815C933C485" bold="true" box="[595,608,1935,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
8, 10
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27EFFAFFD0CF815C9CCC485" bold="true" box="[658,671,1935,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
12—males; 9—female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB279FFA8FF09F9BEC815C57B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240663/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" targetBox="[199,1353,197,1540]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B279FFA8FF09F9BEC815C57B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1572,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF09F9BECA09C51B" bold="true" box="[151,346,1572,1595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURES 13–14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FEF9F9BFC91EC51B" box="[359,589,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FEF9F9BFC91EC51B" box="[359,589,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, heads in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 13—male paratype; 14—female paratype. Arrows directed to the lateral ends of labrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB279FFA8FF09F9F8C9A3C597" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B279FFA8FF09F9F8C9A3C597" blockId="4.[151,1437,1572,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF09F9F8CA0AC559" bold="true" box="[151,345,1634,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURES 15–19.</emphasis>
|
||
Mentum in full face under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 15—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FB93F9F9CFBCC559" box="[1037,1263,1635,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FB93F9F9CFBCC559" box="[1037,1263,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratype; 16
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF2EF91BCBEEC5B7" bold="true" box="[176,189,1665,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
17—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FF71F91BCA9DC5B7" box="[239,462,1665,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF71F91BCA9DC5B7" box="[239,462,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratypes; 18—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FD5BF91BC8F7C5B7" box="[709,932,1665,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FD5BF91BC8F7C5B7" box="[709,932,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male holotype; 19—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FB1EF91BCE0DC5B7" box="[1152,1374,1665,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FB1EF91BCE0DC5B7" box="[1152,1374,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratype. Arrow indicating the bent-over part of the sulcus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB279FFA8FF09F924CBA6C410" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B279FFA8FF09F924CBA6C410" blockId="4.[151,1437,1572,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF09F924CA0BC5F5" bold="true" box="[151,344,1726,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURES 20–22.</emphasis>
|
||
Prosternal process in full face. 20—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FD78F925C89AC5F5" box="[742,969,1727,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FD78F925C89AC5F5" box="[742,969,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratype; 21—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FB2CF925CEC6C5F5" box="[1202,1429,1727,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FB2CF925CEC6C5F5" box="[1202,1429,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratype; 22—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FEE7F947C902C5D3" box="[377,593,1757,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaechi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FEE7F947C902C5D3" box="[377,593,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus jaechi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after Zelenka 1994). Arrow directed to the protruding center of anterior margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF09F961CA04C430" bold="true" box="[151,343,1787,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURES 23–24.</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FE79F966C99AC430" box="[487,713,1788,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FE79F966C99AC430" box="[487,713,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 23—male paratype; 24—female paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB279FFA8FF09F8A3CAC5C4AD" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B279FFA8FF09F8A3CAC5C4AD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1572,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF09F8A3CA06C46F" bold="true" box="[151,341,1849,1872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURES 25–30.</emphasis>
|
||
Labium and maxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FDD1F8A0C87CC46E" box="[591,815,1850,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FDD1F8A0C87CC46E" box="[591,815,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 25–27—male holotype; 28–30—female paratype; 25, 28—labium in ventral view; 26, 29—labium in dorsal view to show ligula; 27, 30—maxilla. Arrows indicating ligula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB279FFA8FF09F80ECAD2C4C8" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B279FFA8FF09F80ECAD2C4C8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1572,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FF09F80ECA04C48B" bold="true" box="[151,343,1940,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURES 31–35.</emphasis>
|
||
Right protibia in dorsal view under same scale (scale bar 1 mm). 31–33—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FBE5F80FCE09C48A" box="[1147,1370,1941,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FBE5F80FCE09C48A" box="[1147,1370,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratypes; 34–35—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B279FFA8FEC3F82EC96FC4E8" box="[349,572,1972,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B279FFA8FEC3F82EC96FC4E8" box="[349,572,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratypes; 34—male; 35—female. Arrow directed to the marked longer apical spine in female than in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB278FFA9FF09F934C8F0C5E5" box="[151,931,1710,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B278FFA9FF09F934C8F0C5E5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1523,1886]" box="[151,931,1710,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FF09F934CA73C5E5" bold="true" box="[151,288,1710,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
|
||
Hindwing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FE32F935C9D8C5E5" box="[428,651,1711,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FE32F935C9D8C5E5" box="[428,651,1711,1732]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB278FFA9FF09F957C8CDC5C2" box="[151,926,1741,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B278FFA9FF09F957C8CDC5C2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1523,1886]" box="[151,926,1741,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FF09F957CA73C5C3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1741,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 49.</emphasis>
|
||
Hindwing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FE32F957C9DBC5C2" box="[428,648,1741,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FE32F957C9DBC5C2" box="[428,648,1741,1763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Echinoaesalus arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB278FFA9FF09F976C8B2C423" box="[151,993,1772,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B278FFA9FF09F976C8B2C423" blockId="5.[151,1436,1523,1886]" box="[151,993,1772,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FF09F976CA73C420" bold="true" box="[151,288,1772,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 50.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FE71F976C998C420" box="[495,715,1772,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FE71F976C998C420" box="[495,715,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Echinoaesalus arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D9FCDB278FFA9FF09F890CAFAC47F" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B278FFA9FF09F890CAFAC47F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1523,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FF09F890CA71C43E" bold="true" box="[151,290,1802,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FE62F891C98EC401" box="[508,733,1803,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FE62F891C98EC401" box="[508,733,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm. Abbreviations for 50–51: st, stylus; hs, hemisternite; mo, median oviduct; bd, bursal duct; bc, bursa copulatrix; sd, spermathecal duct; s, spermatheca; sg, spermathecal gland; ag, accessory gland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B278FFAAFF09F81FCA9BC3F2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1925,2020]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,810]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
(sulci) replaced by some punctures on mentum “connected and indistinctly forming inverted V-shaped sulcus” (Araya 1993); 6) medial lobe of parameres more elongate and parameres relatively shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FA9EF833CE20C4E1" box="[1280,1395,1961,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FA9EF833CE20C4E1" box="[1280,1395,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 7) distal sclerite closer to the pigmented main part of medial lobe of parameres than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B278FFA9FBDAF856CFE6C4C2" box="[1092,1205,1996,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B278FFA9FBDAF856CFE6C4C2" box="[1092,1205,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 8) dorsal surface of medial lobe of parameres well pigmented at basal half but clearly less pigmented at outer half, not evenly pigmented as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFED1FF26CA92C3F2" box="[335,449,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFED1FF26CA92C3F2" box="[335,449,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">E. matsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27BFFAAFF59FF44CFB7C3D6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,810]" box="[199,1252,222,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Further diagnosis between the new species and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFC82FF44C82AC3D6" box="[796,889,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aesalini">Aesalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be found in the key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3289CCEB27BFFAAFF59FE9BC8AAC1C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27BFFAAFF59FE9BC952C131" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFF59FE9BCA67C23B" bold="true" box="[199,308,257,282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. During the study of this new species, we became aware that all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFB87FE9BCFEFC238" box="[1049,1212,257,281]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFB87FE9BCFEFC238" box="[1049,1212,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Echinoaesalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species might have strong sexual dimorphism in the galea of the maxilla, appearance of the ligula and distance of palp insertions on prementum. Such sexual dimorphism for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFD65FED2C8CDC241" box="[763,926,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFD65FED2C8CDC241" box="[763,926,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Echinoaesalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been noticed in all the previous publications (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFEAFFEF1CA80C2A5" author="Krikken" box="[305,467,363,388]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Krikken, J. (1975) Aesalus timidus sp. nov., a remarkable addition to the Indonesian stag-beetle fauna. Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam), 35, 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="1975">Krikken 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFE7FFEF1C94FC2A2" author="Krikken" box="[481,540,363,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Krikken, J. (2008) Zelenkaesalus subgen. n. for three Southeast Asian species of Echinoaesalus Zelenka, including E. javanus sp. n. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Aesalinae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 78, 275 - 284." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Araya 1993; Araya
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFC91FEF6C810C2A2" box="[783,835,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1993, 1995;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFC7BFEF1CFD7C2A2" author="Zelenka" box="[997,1156,363,388]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Zelenka, W. (1993) Echinoaesalus gen. n. eine neue Lucaniden-Gattung aus Sudostasien (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 63, 235 - 237." type="journal article" year="1993">Zelenka 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFB0CFEF1CF9EC2A2" author="Zelenka" box="[1170,1229,363,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Zelenka, W. (1994) Zwei neue Echinoaesalus - Arten aus Sudostasien (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 46, 56 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFB45FEF1CB80C286" author="Araya" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Araya, K. & Hamid, A. A. (1996) Discovery of Aesalus yongi from Borneo. Elytra, 24, 329 - 330." type="journal article" year="1996">Araya & Hamid, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFF41FE15CAE3C286" author="Huang" box="[223,432,398,423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Huang, H., Imura, Y. & Wu, L. (2011) Description of three new taxa of Echinoaesalus Zelenka from Borneo and Java (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Kogane, 12, 97 - 107. [Tokyo]" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Huang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFEADFE15CA35C287" box="[307,358,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFE23FE15C9E2C286" author="Huang" box="[445,689,398,423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Huang, H. & Chen, C. - C. (2013) Stag beetles of China 2. Formosa Ecological Company, Xinbei, Taiwan, 716 pp." type="book" year="2013">Huang & Chen 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have examined the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFBCFFE15CFE8C287" box="[1105,1211,399,422]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFBCFFE15CFE8C287" box="[1105,1211,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">E. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFB6BFE15CE38C287" box="[1269,1387,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidakai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFB6BFE15CE38C287" box="[1269,1387,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">E. hidakai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and confirmed our observation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFE7BFE28C902C2E8" box="[485,593,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFE7BFE28C902C2E8" box="[485,593,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">E. chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The females of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFCA4FE2BC88EC2E8" box="[826,989,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFCA4FE2BC88EC2E8" box="[826,989,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Echinoaesalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species share the characters of maxilla, labium and ligula with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFE45FE4FC9D0C2CC" box="[475,643,469,493]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Himaloaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFE45FE4FC9D0C2CC" box="[475,643,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Himaloaesalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3B2B4B27BFFAAFD6DFE4FC8BCC2CC" author="Huang" box="[755,1007,468,493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" refString="Huang, H. & Chen, C. - C. (2013) Stag beetles of China 2. Formosa Ecological Company, Xinbei, Taiwan, 716 pp." type="book" year="2013">Huang & Chen 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggesting that the two genera are closely related phylogenetically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27BFFAAFF59FD81CAE4C1BD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFF59FD81CAEEC112" box="[199,445,539,563]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFF59FD81CAEEC112" box="[199,445,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Echinoaesalus chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows significant sexual dimorphism in the width of the head, size of the labrum, length of the apical spine of the protibia, size and shape of the mentum, appearance of sulci or sulcus on the mentum, and shape of the prosternal process. Such striking sexual dimorphism has never been found in the previously known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFE93FD1FCAE2C1BC" box="[269,433,645,669]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFE93FD1FCAE2C1BC" box="[269,433,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Echinoaesalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27BFFAAFF59FD32C8AAC1C5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
It is difficult to infer the phylogenetic relationships between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFCE1FD33C8BFC1E1" box="[895,1004,680,704]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFCE1FD33C8BFC1E1" box="[895,1004,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">E. chungi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other known species because most of the previously known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32B4C6B27BFFAAFDFCFD51C856C1C2" box="[610,773,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Echinoaesalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFDFCFD51C856C1C2" box="[610,773,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Echinoaesalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are poorly described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3289CCEB27BFFAAFF59FD74C84EC026" box="[199,797,750,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27BFFAAFF59FD74C84EC026" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,810]" box="[199,797,750,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFF59FD74CA36C026" bold="true" box="[199,357,750,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548971E7B27BFFAAFF59FD74CA51C026" box="[199,258,750,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3258FD5B27BFFAAFEF2FD74CA90C026" box="[364,451,750,775]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Lilongshan, Pingtung County.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3289CCEB27BFFAAFF59FC8BCE37C00B" box="[199,1380,785,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DCF45B27BFFAAFF59FC8BCE37C00B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,810]" box="[199,1380,785,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9461357B27BFFAAFF59FC8BCA1DC00B" bold="true" box="[199,334,785,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species is named in honor of Mr. Yi-Ting Chung, who discovered this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |