311 lines
39 KiB
XML
311 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="66A701ECA82213789F98E24C29461B62">Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEE87D55D6CB2B9052D1AE4F31CE8252">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C17DD454C15E746E65A313DF512F6FF0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4767EC41702859AA0B3126FB5E719261">
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<mods:date id="5F81EB8C156CFA7F0673A24EA3192DCE">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D98C43515BF509EE4E0E0F339D8F096F">2013-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E095176D71168A4573A169406EC8625E">3648</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039B197EFFEFF575E6F9F9EFFE7C17E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFEFF575E6F9F9EFFE7C17E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B197EFFEFF575E6F9F9EFFE7C17E5" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFEFF574E6F9F9EFFD1B1204" box="[151,642,1579,1606]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF574E6F9F9EFFD1B1204" blockId="48.[151,642,1579,1638]" box="[151,642,1579,1606]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D0C51F04FFEFF574E6F9F9EFFD1B1204" bold="true" box="[151,642,1579,1606]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E6F9F9EFFD1B1204" ID-CoL="3HP95" authority="(Allman, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,642,1579,1606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosum">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6F9F9EFFD1B1204" bold="true" box="[151,642,1579,1606]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6F9F9EFFE581207" bold="true" box="[151,449,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnangium speciosum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E7BFF9E8FDE31204" author="Allman, G. J." box="[465,634,1579,1605]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47142" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFEFF574E6F9F98DFF6A1227" box="[151,243,1614,1638]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF574E6F9F98DFF6A1227" blockId="48.[151,642,1579,1638]" box="[151,243,1614,1638]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFEFF574E6F9F98DFF6A1227" box="[151,243,1614,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1760,1783]" captionTargetBox="[358,1234,191,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-175@46.[330,1257,187,1751]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 14. a, Aglaophenia dubia: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1125, scale equals 0.10 mm. b, Aglaophenia latecarinata: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1086, scale equals 0.10 mm. c, Aglaophenia rhynchocarpa: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1083, scale equals 0.10 mm. d, Aglaophenia trifida: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1086, scale equals 0.10 mm. e, Gymnangium speciosum: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1131, scale equals 0.20 mm. f, Macrorhynchia allmani: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3982, scale equals 0.10 mm. g, Macrorhynchia clarkei: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1129, scale equals 0.10 mm. h, Macrorhynchia clarkei: a single phylactogonium from a pseudocorbula, ROMIZ B1129, scale equals 0.25 mm. i, Macrorhynchia philippina: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1092. Scale equals 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264412/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 14e</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFEFF574E6F9F954FAFF12A8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF574E6F9F954FD7D12ED" blockId="48.[151,1382,1686,1770]" box="[151,740,1686,1709]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB228F46FFEFF574E6F9F954FD7D12ED" box="[151,740,1686,1709]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFEFF574E6F9F954FDAC12ED" author="Allman, G. J." box="[151,565,1686,1709]" page="54" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1877">
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E6F9F954FDAC12ED" ID-CoL="3JCWP" authority="Allman, 1877: 54" authorityName="Allman" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,565,1686,1709]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6F9F954FEE312ED" box="[151,378,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Halicornaria speciosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E7EEF955FDAC12ED" author="Allman, G. J." box="[384,565,1686,1708]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47142" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877: 54</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 34, figs. 1–5.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF574E6F9F975FBF7128A" blockId="48.[151,1382,1686,1770]" box="[151,1134,1717,1739]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB228F46FFEFF574E6F9F975FBF7128A" box="[151,1134,1717,1739]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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not
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6D3F976FE31128A" box="[189,424,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E6D3F976FE3A128A" ID-CoL="3JCWP" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[189,419,1717,1739]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">Halicornaria speciosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFEFF574E7AFF976FD19128A" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[449,640,1717,1739]" page="127" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E7AFF976FD19128A" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[449,640,1717,1739]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref57545" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900: 127</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(part) [=
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E4B2F976FBFD128A" ID-CoL="3HP94" authority="(Fraser, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[732,1124,1717,1739]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinuosum">
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||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E4B2F976FC50128A" box="[732,969,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnangium sinuosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E5B9F976FBC2128A" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[983,1115,1717,1739]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref52381" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1925) Some new and some previously unreported hydroids, mainly from the Californian coast. University of California Publications in Zoology, 28, 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="1925">Fraser, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
].
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF574E6F9F917FAFF12A8" blockId="48.[151,1382,1686,1770]" box="[151,1382,1747,1770]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB228F46FFEFF574E6F9F917FAFF12A8" box="[151,1382,1747,1770]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E6F9F917FE1712A8" ID-CoL="3HP95" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,398,1748,1770]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosum">
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||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6F9F917FE1712A8" box="[151,398,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnangium speciosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFEFF574E7C3F917FDF712A8" author="Humann, P." box="[429,622,1747,1769]" page="69" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1992">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E7C3F917FDF712A8" author="Humann, P." box="[429,622,1747,1769]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref54196" refString="Humann, P. (1992) Reef creature identification. Florida Caribbean Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, 344 pp." type="book" year="1992">Humann, 1992: 69</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, middle photograph.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFEFF574E539F910FB0D12A8" author="Humann, P. & DeLoach, N." box="[855,1172,1747,1769]" page="69" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="2002">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E539F910FB0D12A8" author="Humann, P. & DeLoach, N." box="[855,1172,1747,1769]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref54222" refString="Humann, P. & DeLoach, N. (2002) Reef creature identification. Florida Caribbean Bahamas. Second Edition. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, 447 pp." type="book" year="2002">Humann & DeLoach, 2002: 69</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, middle photograph.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFEFF574E6F9F8D4FA051337" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF574E6F9F8D4FC28136F" blockId="48.[151,1436,1814,2019]" box="[151,945,1814,1839]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B5AA235FFEFF574E6F9F8D4FC34136F" box="[151,941,1814,1839]" country="Bahamas" location="Double-Headed Shot Key" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6F9F8D4FEAC136E" bold="true" box="[151,309,1814,1839]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFEFF574E6F9F8D4FF4B136E" box="[151,210,1815,1839]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality.
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFEFF574E752F8D5FE3E136F" box="[316,423,1814,1838]" name="Bahamas" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
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||
<location id="8EEDFEB3FFEFF574E7DFF8D5FD4A136E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFEFF575E6F9F9EFFE7C17E5:8EEDFEB3FFEFF574E7DFF8D5FD4A136E" box="[433,723,1814,1839]" country="Bahamas" name="Double-Headed Shot Key" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Double-Headed Shot Key</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E48FF8D5FC3D136F" author="Allman, G. J." box="[737,932,1814,1838]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47142" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman 1877: 55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF574E6A9F8F8FA051337" blockId="48.[151,1436,1814,2019]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6A9F8F8FE061312" bold="true" box="[199,415,1850,1875]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Voucher material.</emphasis>
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||
West Palm Beach, on reef seaward of the Breakers Hotel,
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||
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFEFF574E256F8F9FB1F1313" box="[1080,1158,1850,1874]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="ft" value="45.0">45 feet</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFEFF574E2F8F8F9FB701313" box="[1174,1257,1850,1874]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="13.7">13.7 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FF8C8EA8FFEFF574E290F8F8FA011313" box="[1278,1432,1850,1875]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1991-01">January 1991</date>
|
||
, SCUBA, fragments of one dead colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFEFF574E41BF89DFD561337" box="[629,719,1886,1910]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="19.5">19.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, with empty gonothecae, coll. P. Humann,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2330ADFFEFF574E284F89DFADD1337" box="[1258,1348,1886,1910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
B1131.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFEFF575E6A9F840FE7C17E5" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEFF575E6A9F840FDAE157E" blockId="48.[151,1436,1814,2019]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1439,151,932]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E6A9F840FEAD13DA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1923,1947]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E54AF841FC5513DB" author="Allman, G. J." box="[804,972,1922,1946]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47142" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E597F840FB6F13DB" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1017,1270,1923,1947]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E597F840FB6F13DB" box="[1017,1270,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Halicornaria speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E366F840FEAA13FF" authority="Allman, 1874" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1874" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E366F840FA0513DA" box="[1288,1436,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Halicornaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E6F9F865FEAA13FF" author="Allman, G. J." box="[151,307,1958,1982]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="469 - 481" refId="ref47026" refString="Allman, G. J. (1874) Report on the Hydroida collected during the expeditions of H. M. S. ' Porcupine. ' Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 8, 469 - 481. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1874. tb 00566. x" type="journal article" year="1874">Allman, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was widely used as a generic name until it was a shown to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E36BF865FEB513A3" authority="Hincks, 1874" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1874" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E36BF865FA0513FF" box="[1285,1436,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnangium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E6F9F809FEB513A3" author="Hincks, T." box="[151,300,1994,2018]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="125 - 137" refId="ref54133" refString="Hincks, T. (1874) Notes on Norwegian Hydroida from deep water. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 4, 13, 125 - 137." type="journal article" year="1874">Hincks, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E73BF809FD8113A3" author="Stechow, E." box="[341,536,1994,2018]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="223 - 236" refId="ref60192" refString="Stechow, E. (1921 b) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 53, 223 - 236." type="journal article" year="1921">Stechow (1921b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. He noted that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEFF574E4D0F809FCEF13A3" author="Allman, G. J." box="[702,886,1994,2018]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="469 - 481" refId="ref47026" refString="Allman, G. J. (1874) Report on the Hydroida collected during the expeditions of H. M. S. ' Porcupine. ' Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 8, 469 - 481. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1874. tb 00566. x" type="journal article" year="1874">Allman’s (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEFF574E597F808FB1413A2" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1874" box="[1017,1165,1995,2019]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEFF574E597F808FB1413A2" box="[1017,1165,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Halicornaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared in
|
||
<date id="FF8C8EA8FFEFF574E375F809FA0E13A3" box="[1307,1431,1994,2018]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1874-04">April 1874</date>
|
||
, whereas its subjective synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E467FF5BFD3914F1" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1874" box="[521,672,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E467FF5BFD3914F1" box="[521,672,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gymnangium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was made available by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E5DBFF54FBC114EE" author="Hincks, T." box="[949,1112,151,175]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="125 - 137" refId="ref54133" refString="Hincks, T. (1874) Notes on Norwegian Hydroida from deep water. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 4, 13, 125 - 137." type="journal article" year="1874">Hincks (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
earlier that year (February). Moreover, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E7EDFF7FFD231495" authority="Allman, 1874" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1874" box="[387,698,188,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E7EDFF7FFD8E1495" box="[387,535,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Halicornaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E471FF7FFD231495" author="Allman, G. J." box="[543,698,188,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="469 - 481" refId="ref47026" refString="Allman, G. J. (1874) Report on the Hydroida collected during the expeditions of H. M. S. ' Porcupine. ' Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 8, 469 - 481. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1874. tb 00566. x" type="journal article" year="1874">Allman, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now known to be an invalid junior homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E366FF7FFE4614B6" authority="Hincks, 1865" authorityName="sensu Hincks" authorityYear="1865" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E366FF7FFA051495" box="[1288,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Halicornaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E6F9FF1CFEA914B6" author="Hincks, T." box="[151,304,223,247]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="401 - 418" refId="ref54055" refString="Hincks, T. (1865) Zoophytes: the history of their development. Quarterly Journal of Science, 2, 401 - 418." type="journal article" year="1865">Hincks, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E72DFF1CFE4E14B6" author="Calder, D. R." box="[323,471,223,247]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref49769" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The status of the senior homonym is discussed above under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E2D4FF23FEAA155D" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E2D4FF23FA0514B6" box="[1210,1436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Halopteris carinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E6F9FEC7FEAA155D" author="Allman, G. J." box="[151,307,260,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47142" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E477FEC7FD29155D" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1874" box="[537,688,260,284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E477FEC7FD29155D" box="[537,688,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gymnangium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now well-established, the genus-group it represents is thought to be polyphyletic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E73DFEE4FDB2157E" author="Leclere, L. & Schuchert, P. & Manuel, M." box="[339,555,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="371 - 394" refId="ref55396" refString="Leclere, L., Schuchert, P. & Manuel, M. (2007) Phylogeny of the Plumularioidea (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata): evolution of colonial organization and life cycle. Zoologica Scripta, 36, 371 - 394. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2007.00283. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Leclère
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E7C1FEEAFE781501" box="[431,481,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEEF575E6A9FE8FFEF31656" blockId="49.[151,1439,151,932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Of the four putatively valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E41FFE8FFC911525" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1874" box="[625,776,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E41FFE8FFC911525" box="[625,776,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gymnangium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the tropical western Atlantic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E21AFE8FFB6B1525" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1140,1266,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E21AFE8FFB6B1525" box="[1140,1266,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E3EAFE8FFE7215C6" authority="(Lamouroux, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arcuatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E3EAFE8FFE9815C9" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. arcuatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E77DFEACFE7A15C6" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[275,483,367,391]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref55188" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1816) Histoire des polypiers coralligenes flexibles, vulgairement nommes zoophytes. F. Poisson, Caen, 560 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamouroux, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having unbranched colonies and in possessing an intrathecal septum, from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E3EAFEB3FE4415ED" authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E3EAFEB3FEB015ED" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. longicaudum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E759FE57FE4C15ED" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[311,469,404,428]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref57545" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having median inferior nematothecae that extend a relatively short distance beyond the hydrothecal rim instead of well beyond it, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E57EFE7BFBD9158E" authority="(Fraser, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[784,1088,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinuosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E57EFE7BFC03158E" box="[784,922,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. sinuosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E5C7FE74FBA1158E" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[937,1080,439,463]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref52381" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1925) Some new and some previously unreported hydroids, mainly from the Californian coast. University of California Publications in Zoology, 28, 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="1925">Fraser, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having two embayments on each side of the hydrothecal rim instead of one. More detailed accounts of these species are given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E369FE1FFA0515B5" author="Bogle, M. A." box="[1287,1436,476,500]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 307" refId="ref48384" refString="Bogle, M. A. (1975) A review and preliminary revision of the Aglaopheniinae (Hydroida: Plumulariidae) of the tropical western Atlantic. M. S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 1 - 307." type="book chapter" year="1975">Bogle (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E6A8FE3CFEFC1656" author="Calder, D. R." box="[198,357,511,535]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref49769" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEEF575E6A9FDE7FEAF16E6" blockId="49.[151,1439,151,932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E6A9FDE7FE1C167D" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[199,389,548,572]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref57545" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting’s (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report of this species (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E4AEFDE7FC26167D" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[704,959,548,572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Halicornaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E4AEFDE7FC26167D" box="[704,959,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Halicornaria speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E279FDE7FB18167D" box="[1047,1153,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Albatross</emphasis>
|
||
Station 2640 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFEEF575E35DFDE7FA0E167D" box="[1331,1431,548,572]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="25.083334">25°05’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFEEF575E6F9FD84FF67161E" box="[151,254,583,607]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="-80.25">80°15’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) south of Carysfort Reef,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFEEF575E446FD84FDE5161E" box="[552,636,583,607]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, was assigned instead to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E5F6FD8BFB38161E" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[920,1185,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinuosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E5F6FD8BFB38161E" box="[920,1185,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gymnangium sinuosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E2A3FD84FA05161E" author="Bogle, M. A." box="[1229,1436,583,607]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 307" refId="ref48384" refString="Bogle, M. A. (1975) A review and preliminary revision of the Aglaopheniinae (Hydroida: Plumulariidae) of the tropical western Atlantic. M. S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 1 - 307." type="book chapter" year="1975">Bogle (1975: 271)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
after an examination of Nutting’s specimens (USNM 18703, 18704). The misidentified record was repeated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E6F9FD53FEA816E6" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[151,305,655,679]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref52677" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEEF575E6A9FD77FE4F16AE" blockId="49.[151,1439,151,932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFEEF575E7C6FD77FD24168D" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[424,701,692,716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speciosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E7C6FD77FD24168D" box="[424,701,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gymnangium speciosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E489FD77FC05168D" author="Humann, P." box="[743,924,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref54196" refString="Humann, P. (1992) Reef creature identification. Florida Caribbean Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, 344 pp." type="book" year="1992">Humann (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E5B7FD77FA86168D" author="Humann, P. & DeLoach, N." box="[985,1311,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref54222" refString="Humann, P. & DeLoach, N. (2002) Reef creature identification. Florida Caribbean Bahamas. Second Edition. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, 447 pp." type="book" year="2002">Humann & DeLoach (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shows the same colony examined here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEEF575E6A9FD3FFF461776" blockId="49.[151,1439,151,932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFEEF575E6A9FD3FFE4A1755" bold="true" box="[199,467,763,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFEEF575E4F2FD3FFD691755" box="[668,752,764,788]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Off West Palm Beach (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E591FD3FFB3D1755" author="Humann, P." box="[1023,1188,764,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref54196" refString="Humann, P. (1992) Reef creature identification. Florida Caribbean Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, 344 pp." type="book" year="1992">Humann 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E2DEFD3FFF4D1776" author="Humann, P. & DeLoach, N." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref54222" refString="Humann, P. & DeLoach, N. (2002) Reef creature identification. Florida Caribbean Bahamas. Second Edition. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, 447 pp." type="book" year="2002">Humann & DeLoach 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFEEF575E6ABFC87FE7C17E5" blockId="49.[151,1439,151,932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Western Atlantic. Southeastern Florida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFEEF575E4E7FC87FD6A171D" box="[649,755,836,860]" name="Bahamas" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Gulf of Mexico, and Arrowsmith Bank in the northwestern Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E725FCA4FE4B173E" author="Bogle, M. A." box="[331,466,871,895]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 307" refId="ref48384" refString="Bogle, M. A. (1975) A review and preliminary revision of the Aglaopheniinae (Hydroida: Plumulariidae) of the tropical western Atlantic. M. S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 1 - 307." type="book chapter" year="1975">Bogle 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFEEF575E46FFCA4FDF2173E" box="[513,619,871,895]" name="Barbados" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E415FCA4FC9C173E" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[635,773,871,895]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref52677" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFEEF575E528FCA4FC2D173E" box="[838,948,871,895]" name="Colombia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E5ABFCA4FBC5173E" author="Wedler, E." box="[965,1116,871,895]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="324 - 363" refId="ref61814" refString="Wedler, E. (1975) Okologische Untersuchungen an Hydroiden des Felslitorals von Santa Marta (Kolumbien). Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 27, 324 - 363. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611700" type="journal article" year="1975">Wedler 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is also known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFEEF575E6BAFC4FFEA217E5" box="[212,315,908,932]" name="Bermuda" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFEEF575E727FC4FFE4017E5" author="Calder, D. R." box="[329,473,908,932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref49769" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |