315 lines
38 KiB
XML
315 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="0E55B081B31C75834E195B3364E37AB5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5264362" ID-ZooBank="22089255-436A-4DBB-BD93-1D3C8CF281FE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629854688094" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2013" docId="039B197EFFD1F554E6F9FD39FEEC17AD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03648p072.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3648 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lafoea intorta Calder 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFA26106FFDFF544E66EFFC3FF991441" masterDocTitle="Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1699122038660" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4918FDDFC708EBADA5C2592669A62A30">
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<mods:title id="E1304D756CFB2ECC235F8D4F4AF7F6C6">Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A99DBE5BA2A5C7C170FB4DBE1EFF5BA8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="04672B16DC60F291D6628C0730CB092E">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7A94FDFD0DAFDE3D6EBFBFB49B9B7B4D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EEE91A0A492B13434DE673F47EB7C4E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D1D39AA461CECB3374262794F86969C">
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<mods:date id="BBB4398FABD21993FD502614061D606F">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BE0B271D92236FBEF644B223C07D5580">2013-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="694036A3FAEB8302E8B33A66E0E1D9F7">3648</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7BCB04BFE556CD9DE25943BC494D6CBE">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DC6F98CA99983189B41F7436C32911FE">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7336DF644A34551096164A31A83275FB">72</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="B5DC32DBD4478D632F3885C2F9359015">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2B7DE1726163E668F657CBCB58A45BCB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8233E313331B655E8061801F1565601E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2B388FB73408BA8E820972FF5CA70C29" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039B197EFFD1F554E6F9FD39FEEC17AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFD1F554E6F9FD39FEEC17AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B197EFFD1F554E6F9FD39FEEC17AD" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFD1F54AE6F9FD39FE291755" box="[151,432,762,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD1F54AE6F9FD39FE291755" blockId="14.[151,432,762,821]" box="[151,432,762,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0C51F04FFD1F54AE6F9FD39FE291755" bold="true" box="[151,432,762,788]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE6F9FD39FE291755" bold="true" box="[151,432,762,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFD1F54AE6F9FD39FEDD1755" ID-CoL="3RVM7" authority="Calder, 2013" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,324,762,788]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE6F9FD39FEDD1755" bold="true" box="[151,324,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lafoea intorta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275C901FFD1F54AE73CFD39FE291755" box="[338,432,762,788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFD1F54AE6F9FCDEFEA61774" box="[151,319,797,821]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD1F54AE6F9FCDEFEA61774" blockId="14.[151,432,762,821]" box="[151,319,797,821]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFD1F54AE6F9FCDEFE901774" box="[151,265,797,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1859,1882]" captionTargetBox="[173,1426,851,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-342@12.[153,1438,841,1838]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. a, Lovenella grandis: hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae and a gonotheca, ROMIZ B1076, scale equals 0.5 mm. b, Lovenella grandis: hydrocaulus with pedicel and hydrotheca, ROMIZ B1076, scale equals 0.25 mm. c, Plicatotheca anitae: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1072, scale equals 0.25 mm. d, Plicatotheca anitae: gonotheca, ROMIZ B1072, scale equals 0.25 mm. e, Lafoea intorta, sp. nov.: part of hydrocaulus with five hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1098, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Lafoea intorta, sp. nov.: part of hydrocaulus with a hydrotheca, ROMIZ B1098, scale equals 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264370/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 2e, f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFD1F54AE77BFCDEFEBD1774" box="[277,292,797,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,943,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-403@14.[151,1436,943,1543]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoea intorta, sp. nov.: a, part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1098; b, hydrotheca, with diaphragm marked by an arrow, ROMIZ B1098." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264374/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFD1F54AE75FFCDEFEA61774" box="[305,319,797,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-228@15.[151,1436,661,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lafoea intorta, sp. nov., nematocysts, ROMIZ B1098: a, microbasic mastigophores, from tentacle; b, holotrichous isorhiza, from hydranth; c, holotrichous isorhiza, partially discharged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264378/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFD1F54AE6F9FCA6FBF712FB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD1F54AE6F9FCA6FBF712FB" blockId="14.[151,837,869,891]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,1661,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFD1F54AE6C6FCA6FEC7173A" ID-CoL="3RVM3" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[168,350,869,891]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE6C6FCA6FEC7173A" box="[168,350,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lafoea gracillima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFD1F54AE713FCA6FDAA173A" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[381,563,869,891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="239 - 252" refId="ref50572" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1879) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico by Alexander Agassiz, 1877 - 78. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5, 239 - 252." type="journal article" year="1879">Clarke, 1879: 243</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFD1F54AE43FFCA6FD66173A" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[593,767,869,891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref52677" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 225</bibRefCitation>
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[part].
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE6F9F9BDFED912D7" bold="true" box="[151,320,1661,1686]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="548916CAFFD1F54AE73FF9BDFE2712D7" box="[337,446,1662,1686]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: off St. Lucie Inlet,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFD1F54AE4C7F9BDFCB912D7" box="[681,800,1662,1686]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="11.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="27.196667">27°11.8’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFD1F54AE540F9BDFC3312D7" box="[814,938,1662,1686]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="57.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="-79.955">79°57.3’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CCA058DFFD1F54AE5D6F9BDFC6C12D7" box="[952,1013,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="87.0">87 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF8C8EA8FFD1F54AE26AF9BDFBEF12D7" box="[1028,1142,1662,1686]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1986-10-04">04.x.1986</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE2EAF9BDFAD712D7" box="[1156,1358,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Johnson-Sea-Link</emphasis>
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, J028/ JSL 2132, one colony,
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<quantity id="4CCA058DFFD1F54AE7F9F961FE7A12FB" box="[407,483,1698,1722]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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high, without coppiniae, coll. R. Roesch, ROMIZ B1098.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4DF8E0FFD1F54AE6F9F9DFFD1B1210" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5264374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264374/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1564,1587]" targetBox="[151,1436,943,1543]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD1F54AE6F9F9DFFD1B1210" blockId="14.[151,1436,1564,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE6F9F9DFFE221272" bold="true" box="[151,443,1564,1587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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FIGURE 3.
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFD1F54AE74FF9DEFE221272" authority="Calder, 2013" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[289,443,1565,1587]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE74FF9DEFE221272" bold="true" box="[289,443,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lafoea intorta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE7A2F9DEFDB91273" bold="true" box="[460,544,1565,1586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275C901FFD1F54AE7A2F9DEFDB91273" box="[460,544,1565,1586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE45DF9DEFDDC1273" bold="true" box="[563,581,1565,1586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">a,</emphasis>
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part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1098;
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE2A0F9DEFB7B1273" bold="true" box="[1230,1250,1565,1586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">b,</emphasis>
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hydrotheca, with diaphragm marked by an arrow, ROMIZ B1098.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFD1F54AE6A9F905FC961343" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD1F54AE6A9F905FC961343" blockId="14.[151,1436,1661,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE6A9F905FEDF129F" bold="true" box="[199,326,1734,1758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
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. The specific name
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFD1F54AE444F904FDEF129F" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[554,630,1735,1758]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE444F904FDEF129F" box="[554,630,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">intorta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is taken from the Latin word for “twisted” or “tangled,” in reference to the bushy and tangled appearance of the hydroid colony.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFD1F54BE6A9F8CDFD54161E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD1F54BE6A9F8CDFD4815ED" blockId="14.[151,1436,1661,2011]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,607]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD1F54AE6A9F8CDFEC11366" bold="true" box="[199,344,1806,1831]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony erect, profusely tangled, about
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<quantity id="4CCA058DFFD1F54AE552F8CDFCE01367" box="[828,889,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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high, arising from a creeping and somewhat wrinkled hydrorhiza, comprising several hydrocauli. Larger hydrocauli polysiphonic throughout most of length, becoming progressively more slender distally, monosiphonic at distal end, irregularly branched; larger branches resembling hydrocauli, polysiphonic except at extremities; smaller and younger branches monosiphonic throughout; perisarc of stem and branches thickest basally, thinning out distally. Hydrothecal pedicels 130–210 µm in length, sometimes almost straight but usually with a curve or loose twist basally, diameter of pedicels 60–70 µm and remaining nearly uniform throughout length, arising directly from all sides of hydrocaulus and branches, never adnate basally, most given off at an angle of 45 degrees or more from stem and branches. Hydrothecae deeply conical and with smooth walls, sometimes nearly symmetrical but more often somewhat curved with abcauline wall less convex than adcauline side, length abcauline wall 380–500 µm, length adcauline wall 420–550 µm; base of hydrotheca with an irregular whorl of punctae just above a filmy diaphragm, then merging almost imperceptibly with pedicel; diameter across diaphragm 65–85 µm; hydrothecal margin entire, distinctly everted, occasionally renovated in older parts of colony; orifice round, 150–165 µm in diameter, without an operculum. Nematothecae absent. Hydranths with about 12 filiform tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD0F54BE6A9FE74FE22158E" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,607]" box="[199,443,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gonophores not seen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD0F54BE6A9FE1FFD54161E" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Nematocysts (
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<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFD0F54BE707FE1FFE2915B5" box="[361,432,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-228@15.[151,1436,661,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lafoea intorta, sp. nov., nematocysts, ROMIZ B1098: a, microbasic mastigophores, from tentacle; b, holotrichous isorhiza, from hydranth; c, holotrichous isorhiza, partially discharged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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): microbasic mastigophores (5.5–6.4 µm long x 2.1–2.6 µm wide; n = 10), abundant on tentacles; holotrichous isorhizas (23.2–24.5 µm long x 9.0–10.0 µm wide; n = 10), common on hydranth body and in coenosarc. Identifications of nematocyst categories are tentative; discharged threads were too indistinct in ethanol-preserved material for certain designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4DF8E0FFD0F54BE6F9F876FC7913AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5264378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1973,1996]" targetBox="[151,1436,661,1952]" targetPageId="15">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFD0F54BE6F9F876FC7913AB" blockId="15.[151,1435,1973,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFD0F54BE6F9F876FE51138A" bold="true" box="[151,456,1973,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
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FIGURE 4.
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFD0F54BE744F876FE51138A" authority="Calder, 2013" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[298,456,1973,1995]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946747AFFD0F54BE744F876FE51138A" bold="true" box="[298,456,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lafoea intorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFD0F54BE7B0F875FDAE138A" bold="true" box="[478,567,1974,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275C901FFD0F54BE7B0F875FDAE138A" box="[478,567,1974,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, nematocysts, ROMIZ B1098:
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFD0F54BE5F7F875FC35138A" bold="true" box="[921,940,1974,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">a,</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic mastigophores, from tentacle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFD0F54BE3E9F875FA02138A" bold="true" box="[1415,1435,1974,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">b,</emphasis>
|
||
holotrichous isorhiza, from hydranth;
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFD0F54BE479F817FDB113A8" bold="true" box="[535,552,2004,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">c,</emphasis>
|
||
holotrichous isorhiza, partially discharged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFCFF554E6A9FF5BFEEC17AD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFCFF554E6A9FF5BFD631656" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E6A9FF5BFEAD14F1" bold="true" box="[199,308,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The warm-water
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E469FF5BFD3014EE" authority="Calder, 2013" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[519,681,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E469FF5BFD3014EE" box="[519,681,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lafoea intorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E4D7FF5BFC8D14F1" bold="true" box="[697,788,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275C901FFCFF554E4D7FF5BFC8D14F1" box="[697,788,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E5F2FF5BFA9514EE" authority="(Fleming, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[924,1292,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E5F2FF5BFBD314F1" box="[924,1098,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lafoea dumosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E234FF54FA9D14EE" author="Fleming, J." box="[1114,1284,151,175]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="82 - 89" refId="ref52030" refString="Fleming, J. (1820) Observations on the natural history of the Sertularia gelatinosa of Pallas. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, 2, 82 - 89." type="journal article" year="1820">Fleming, 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E377FF5AFED21495" authority="(M. Sars, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E377FF5AFA0214F1" box="[1305,1435,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
(M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E6A6FF7FFEDB1495" author="Sars, M." box="[200,322,188,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="121 - 211" refId="ref59397" refString="Sars, M. (1850) Beretning om en i Sommeren 1849 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 6, 121 - 211." type="journal article" year="1850">Sars, 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E7E7FF7EFD261495" authority="(Alder, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[393,703,188,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E7E7FF7EFD851495" box="[393,540,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. gracillima</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E442FF7FFD2E1495" author="Alder, J." box="[556,695,188,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="353 - 362" refId="ref46897" refString="Alder, J. (1856) A notice of some new genera and species of British hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 2, 18, 353 - 362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935608697652" type="journal article" year="1856">Alder, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cold-water species found at higher latitudes or at greater depths further south. While species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E46FFF23FCBA14B6" authority="Lamouroux, 1821" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[513,803,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E46FFF23FDD614B9" box="[513,591,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lafoea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E436FF23FCBA14B6" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[600,803,223,247]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref55218" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1821) Exposition methodique des genres de l'ordre des polypiers, avec leur description et celle des principales especes, figurees dans 84 planches; les 63 premieres appartenant a l'histoire naturelle des zoophytes d'Ellis et Solander. Agasse, Paris, 115 pp." type="book" year="1821">Lamouroux, 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are difficult to identify because of their morphological variability, and their taxonomy is therefore unsettled, material examined here can nevertheless be distinguished from each of these putative species. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E43DFEEAFD24157E" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[595,701,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E43DFEEAFD24157E" box="[595,701,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. intorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pedicels are longer and more obviously twisted than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E3EBFEEAFF771525" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E3EBFEEAFF771525" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. dumosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species with hydrothecae that appear almost sessile. Conversely, its pedicels are shorter and have fewer twists than in either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E7EAFEB2FD9F15C9" baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[388,518,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E7EAFEB2FD9F15C9" box="[388,518,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E45FFEB2FD5C15C9" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[561,709,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E45FFEB2FD5C15C9" box="[561,709,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. gracillima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E525FEB2FC7915C9" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[843,992,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E525FEB2FC7915C9" box="[843,992,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. gracillima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its hydrothecae are deep-cone-shaped rather than decidedly narrow and cylindrical, and the hydrothecal margin is distinctly flared instead of straight or slightly flared. Hydrothecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E792FE7AFDF1158E" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[508,616,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E792FE7AFDF1158E" box="[508,616,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. intorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E5FDFE7AFB901591" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[915,1033,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E5FDFE7AFB901591" box="[915,1033,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. dumosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E22DFE7AFB5F1591" baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1091,1222,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E22DFE7AFB5F1591" box="[1091,1222,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A filmy, vestigial diaphragm was observed in some of the empty hydrothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFCFF554E539FE1FFC3215B5" box="[855,939,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,943,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-403@14.[151,1436,943,1543]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lafoea intorta, sp. nov.: a, part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1098; b, hydrotheca, with diaphragm marked by an arrow, ROMIZ B1098." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
), a structure said to be absent in the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E6F0FE3CFEAF1656" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[158,310,511,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref56949" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E72CFE3CFE641656" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[322,509,511,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref50953" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, new series, 50, 347 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E467FE3CFD771656" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F." box="[521,750,511,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref48513" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E41CFDC2FD3A1659" box="[626,675,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFCFF554E6A9FDE7FC5B1755" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
On biogeographic grounds, material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E569FDE7FC4C167D" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[775,981,548,572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E569FDE7FC4C167D" box="[775,981,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lafoea gracillima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E26BFDE7FB3C167D" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[1029,1189,548,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="239 - 252" refId="ref50572" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1879) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico by Alexander Agassiz, 1877 - 78. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5, 239 - 252." type="journal article" year="1879">Clarke (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from shelf waters of southwest Florida and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E7AFFD8BFDC2161E" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[449,603,583,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref52677" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from northwest of the Dry
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFCFF554E5F2FD8BFC671621" box="[924,1022,584,608]" name="Haiti" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Florida) may have been
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E347FD8AFA0C161E" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[1321,1429,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E347FD8AFA0C161E" box="[1321,1429,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. intorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Existence of the Arctic-boreal species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E43DFDAEFD7116C5" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[595,744,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E43DFDAEFD7116C5" box="[595,744,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. gracillima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the subtropical southeastern Gulf of Mexico where these sites are located is improbable. A colony identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E492FD53FC5216E9" box="[764,971,656,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E492FD53FC5216E9" box="[764,971,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lafoea fruticulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sic) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E240FD53FA8E16E6" author="Wenner, E. L. & Hinde, P. & Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F." box="[1070,1303,655,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref62103" refString="Wenner, E. L., Hinde, P., Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F. (1984) A temporal and spatial study of invertebrate communities associated with hard-bottom habitats in the South Atlantic Bight. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 18, 104 pp." type="book" year="1984">
|
||
Wenner
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E2E2FD52FB2716E9" box="[1164,1214,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1984)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from a reef on the outer continental shelf off Charleston, South Carolina (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFCFF554E52BFD77FC26168D" box="[837,959,692,716]" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="29.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="32.491665">32°29.5’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFCFF554E5A4FD77FBDF168D" box="[970,1094,692,716]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="49.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="-78.825">78°49.5’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFCFF554E23FFD77FB12168A" box="[1105,1163,692,716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8C8EA8FFCFF554E2F8FD77FB60168D" box="[1174,1273,692,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-05-05">5.v.1981</date>
|
||
, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E357FD77FA0C168D" box="[1337,1429,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dolphin</emphasis>
|
||
, Cerame-Vivas dredge, without gonophores, ROMIZ B1916) was re-examined here and found to be identical with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E6F9FD3EFE991755" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,256,765,788]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E6F9FD3EFE991755" box="[151,256,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. intorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That specimen is designated here as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFCFF554E4D5FD3FFC821755" box="[699,795,764,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFCFF554E6A9FCDCFF6117E5" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The cnidome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E7EBFCE3FDB01776" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2013" box="[389,553,800,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E7EBFCE3FDB01776" box="[389,553,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lafoea intorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes what are believed to be microbasic mastigophores and holotrichous isorhizas. Other nematocyst categories were observed as well, but it was unclear whether they were part of the cnidome or simply exogenous ones. Study material long preserved in alcohol rendered nematocyst examination difficult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFCFF554E6A9FC73FEEC17AD" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E6A9FC73FE4A1789" bold="true" box="[199,467,943,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFCFF554E7B4FC6CFD1A1786" box="[474,643,943,967]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFCFF554E4FCFC6CFCF51786" author="Wenner, E. L. & Hinde, P. & Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F." box="[658,876,943,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref62103" refString="Wenner, E. L., Hinde, P., Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F. (1984) A temporal and spatial study of invertebrate communities associated with hard-bottom habitats in the South Atlantic Bight. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 18, 104 pp." type="book" year="1984">
|
||
Wenner
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E49CFC72FCBA1789" box="[754,803,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFCFF554E5F9FC73FBFC1789" box="[919,1125,944,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946747AFFCFF554E5F9FC73FBFC1789" box="[919,1125,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lafoea fruticulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to the central east coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFCFF554E6F9FC17FF7117AD" box="[151,232,980,1004]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |