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<mods:title id="0018AAE5420D3B7BE7F140A1245E211E">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F91263FAD75B789C07E89C301BADF79E">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF802F7AFF61F120FD25FEAF" blockId="26.[136,715,268,293]" box="[136,715,268,293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFF802F7AFF61F120FD8DFEAF" author="Gregory, W." box="[136,611,268,293]" page=")" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" year="1857">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF802F7AFF61F120FD8DFEAF" authority="Gregory (1857: 516)" authorityName="Gregory" authorityPageNumber="516" authorityYear="1857" box="[136,611,268,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Amphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF802F7AFF61F120FE9AFEAF" bold="true" box="[136,372,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">Amphora spectabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF802F7AFE92F120FD8DFEAF" author="Gregory, W." box="[379,611,268,293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" pagination="473 - 542" refId="ref23822" refString="Gregory, W. (1857) On new forms of marine Diatomaceae found in the Firth of Clyde and in Loch Fyne. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 21: 473 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800032269" type="journal article" year="1857">Gregory (1857: 516)</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FF802F7AFD9BF120FD2DFEAF" box="[626,707,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 7590" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[189,1399,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7590. Marine benthic diatoms in coral reefs off Basra. Figs 75, 76. Amphora grevilleana, Figs 77, 78. Amphora janischii, Figs 79, 80. Amphora maletracta var. constricta, Fig. 81. Amphora marina, Fig. 82. Amphora mexicana, Figs 83, 84. Amphora ocellata, Figs 85,86. Tetramphora ostrearia, Figs 87,88. Tetramphora rhombica, Fig. 89. Amphora spectabilis, Fig. 90. Amphora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728838/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C32184B6FF802F7AFF61F11EFF53FE53" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF802F7AFF61F11EFD0AFEE1" blockId="26.[136,1452,306,363]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF802F7AFF61F11EFF1EFECD" box="[136,240,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">References</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF802F7AFF16F11EFE66FECD" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[255,392,306,327]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" refId="ref24568" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1964) An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters, Part V: Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 317 pp." type="book" year="1964">Hendey, 1964</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 28, figs 8, 9;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF802F7AFDD0F11EFD05FECD" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[569,747,306,327]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" refId="ref22937" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1988) Marine diatoms of the Indian Ocean region. Atlas of diatoms. Fascicle V. Madras Science Foundation, Madras, 234 pp." type="book" year="1988">Desikachary 1988</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 425, figs 1,46;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF802F7AFC51F11EFB7AFECD" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[952,1172,306,327]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF802F7AFBC1F11EFBB5FECD" box="[1064,1115,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 150, pl. 167, figs 2527;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF802F7AFF54F17AFEABFEE1" author="Levkov, Z." box="[189,325,342,363]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" refId="ref25466" refString="Levkov, Z. (2009) Amphora sensu lato. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. Vol. 5. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag, Konigstein, Germany, Liechtenstein, pp. 916." type="journal volume" year="2009">Levkov, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: p. 265, Pl. 114, figs 15; Pl. 252, figs 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF802F7AFF61F1B0FF53FE53" blockId="26.[136,1452,412,725]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF802F7AFF61F1B0FF04FE3F" box="[136,234,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">Features</emphasis>
: Length 6076 μm, width 1214 μm, striae
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FF802F7AFD32F1B0FCDEFE3F" box="[731,816,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">810 in</quantity>
10 μm on the dorsal side,
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FF802F7AFBB1F1B0FB55FE3F" box="[1112,1211,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">1214 in</quantity>
10 μm on the ventral side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32184B6FF802F7AFF54F1C8FD11FD5F" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF802F7AFF54F1C8FD21FDE3" blockId="26.[136,1452,412,725]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF802F7AFF54F1C8FEAFFE77" box="[189,321,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">Description</emphasis>
: Valves dorsiventral, linear to semi-elliptic with broadly rounded, ventrally bent apices. Dorsal margin weakly convex to straight, ventral margin straight. Axial area strongly arched, biarcuate, central area narrow on the dorsal side and broader on the ventral side. Raphe strongly arched with indistinct proximal pores. Dorsal striae distinct, bifurcated near the raphe, particularly at the middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF802F7AFF54F258FC16FD07" blockId="26.[136,1452,412,725]" box="[189,1016,628,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF802F7AFF54F258FEF1FD07" box="[189,287,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">Remarks</emphasis>
: Smaller valve with slightly higher striae density were observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF802F7AFF54F2B4FD11FD5F" blockId="26.[136,1452,412,725]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF802F7AFF54F2B4FE0BFD3B" box="[189,485,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF802F7AFAE5F2B4FA46FD3B" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[1292,1448,664,689]" pageId="26" pageNumber="137" pagination="101 - 168" refId="ref24607" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1970) Some littoral diatoms of Kuwait. Nova Hedwigia 31: 101 - 168" type="journal article" year="1970">Hendey 1970</bibRefCitation>
, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in
<collectingRegion id="49FF19DFFF802F7AFD84F290FD43FD5F" box="[621,685,700,725]" country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah" pageId="26" pageNumber="137">Basra</collectingRegion>
corals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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