281 lines
35 KiB
XML
281 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CDF84A3E29B6A95906F318154A99616F">Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="52E28357E8EEA53B7C0E39F1662FC89A">Soares, Matheus M. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07137EB09F215810B6E48CFD64CE0041">Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB0A1E74B7A9E8EEECCE16709F181FF4">Ale-Rocha, Rosaly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="82F30087FCCD586D6132F7284D0D2B65">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA462C94C96892E63FD46FE95" ID-CoL="9HTZL" authority="Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,689,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA462C94C96892E63FE62FE94" bold="true" box="[151,405,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Syneches applanatus</emphasis>
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Menezes & Ale-Rocha
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA462C94C96892E0EFEBEFEB0" blockId="16.[151,689,294,357]" box="[151,329,330,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13166688A462C94C96812E0EFEEFFEB0" box="[159,280,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 8A–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13166688A462C94C973D2E0FFEB7FEB0" box="[291,320,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,1094,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-53@76.[224,1362,1094,1898]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 50. Syneches Walker. Geographical records of S. amazonicus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. bilobatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. exilis Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. jauensis Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008 and S. sinclairi sp. nov. in Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560728/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">50</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA462C94C96892ECAFD08FE72" ID-CoL="9HTZL" authority="Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016: 409 - 411" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityPageNumber="409 - 411" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,767,399,423]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA462C94C96892ECAFE9CFE72" box="[151,363,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Syneches applanatus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B457050A462C94C976F2ED5FD08FE72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360538" box="[369,767,399,423]" country="Brazil" location="Manaus" municipality="Amazonas" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA462C94C976F2ED5FD08FE72" author="Menezes, I. S. & Ale-Rocha, R." box="[369,767,399,423]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="401 - 442" refId="ref52545" refString="Menezes, I. S. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2016) Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa, 4103 (5), 401 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4103.5.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016: 409–411</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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, figs 19–25, 105, 118.
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<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA462C94C95FB2ED5FBE0FE7D" box="[997,1047,400,424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<location id="8EF22CD6A462C94C92692ED5FB3DFE72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A462C94C92692ED5FB3DFE72" box="[1143,1226,400,423]" country="Brazil" municipality="Amazonas" name="Manaus" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Manaus</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6E077A462C94C92CD2ECAFAB6FE72" box="[1235,1345,399,423]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amazonas</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA462C94C93542ECAFA7CFE72" box="[1354,1419,399,423]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF522A85A462C94C96892991FBEFF8E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" targetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" targetPageId="16">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA462C94C96892991FEE1F939" bold="true" box="[151,278,1748,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA462C94C97012991FCC6F939" authority="Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[287,817,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA462C94C97012991FE01F939" box="[287,502,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Syneches applanatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA462C94C97E12991FCC6F939" author="Menezes, I. S. & Ale-Rocha, R." box="[511,817,1748,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="401 - 442" refId="ref52545" refString="Menezes, I. S. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2016) Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa, 4103 (5), 401 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4103.5.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A462C94D96892827FD97FEC8" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA462C94D96892827FD97FEC8" blockId="16.[151,1436,1890,2025]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA462C94C96892827FEE5F8A9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1890,1916]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Medium size (
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<quantity id="4CD5D7E8A462C94C97DC2827FDE9F8A8" box="[450,542,1890,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="13166688A462C94C94262827FD61F8A9" box="[568,662,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
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). Ocellar triangle flat (
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||
<figureCitation id="13166688A462C94C95BE2827FBC3F8A9" box="[928,1076,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 8A, 8C</figureCitation>
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). Scutum covered with reddish brown pruinescence, but prescutellar disc clearly contrasting with gray pruinescence and dc stripe of yellowishgray pruinescence (
|
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<figureCitation id="13166688A462C94C976B28EFFE38F811" box="[373,463,1962,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
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). Legs with coxae, trochanters, basal 3/4 of fore and mid femora, hind femur and all tarsomeres 5 brown to reddish brown, hind tibia with brown ring at mid-length and hind tarsomere 1 brown with yellow base and apex, otherwise yellow (
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<figureCitation id="13166688A463C94D94752FD2FD31FF64" box="[619,710,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
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); hind femur strongly swollen in males (about 2 x wider than in females), bearing 1AV series of spiniform bristles inserted on short tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A463C94D923C2FFEFB8AFF00" box="[1058,1149,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wing sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma brown, short and round, 1.5 x longer than wide, in between apices of R
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A463C94D92BF2FB4FB5EFF2A" attach="left" box="[1185,1193,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A463C94D92EA2FB4FAFAFF2A" attach="left" box="[1268,1293,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, but only its posterior margin touching R
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A463C94D97CD2E50FE1BFEF6" attach="left" box="[467,492,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2+3</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A463C94D97E52E46FDA4FEC8" box="[507,595,259,291]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Fig
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A463C94D943C2E50FDD1FEF6" attach="left" box="[546,550,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">.</subScript>
|
||
8D
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A463C94D96D92E62FAB3FE04" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA463C94D96D92E62FC46FE5C" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D96D92E62FE00FE95" bold="true" box="[199,503,294,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B457050A463C94D941F2E62FF2CFE5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360502" collectingDate="1985-02" collectionCode="INPA" country="Brazil" county="Holotipo" location="Amazonas" municipality="Malaise" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA463C94D941F2E62FD62FE94" box="[513,661,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A463C94D94BE2E62FD42FE94" box="[672,693,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A463C94D94D92E62FCFDFE94" box="[711,778,295,321]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
) labelled: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA463C94D958E2E62FC0EFE94" box="[912,1017,295,321]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A463C94D92192E62FB77FE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A463C94D92192E62FB77FE94" box="[1031,1152,295,321]" country="Brazil" county="Holotipo" municipality="Malaise" name="Amazonas" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amazonas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A463C94D92902E62FB1EFE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A463C94D92902E62FB1EFE94" box="[1166,1257,295,321]" country="Brazil" county="Holotipo" municipality="Malaise" name="Manaus" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Manaus</location>
|
||
, PDBFF-WWF
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A463C94D96892E0EFF3DFEB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A463C94D96892E0EFF3DFEB0" box="[151,202,331,357]" country="Brazil" county="Holotipo" municipality="Malaise" name="Proj" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Proj</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A463C94D96CA2E0EFEBBFEB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A463C94D96CA2E0EFEBBFEB0" box="[212,332,331,357]" country="Brazil" county="Holotipo" municipality="Malaise" name="Bert Klein" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bert Klein</location>
|
||
” “
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A463C94D97782E0EFE34FEB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A463C94D97782E0EFE34FEB0" box="[358,451,331,357]" country="Brazil" county="Holotipo" municipality="Malaise" name="Reserve" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Reserve</location>
|
||
1301” “
|
||
<date id="FF935CCDA463C94D94012E0FFD86FEB0" box="[543,625,330,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1985-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD7A525A463C94D94012E0FFD86FEB0" box="[543,625,330,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1985-02">ii.1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6E077A463C94D94632E0EFD2FFEB0" box="[637,728,331,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malaise</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
” “
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F30281A463C94D94ED2E0EFCABFEB0" box="[755,860,331,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Holótipo</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D95792E0EFAA8FEB0" authority=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[871,1375,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D95792E0EFBA7FEB0" box="[871,1104,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Syneches applanatus</emphasis>
|
||
, Menezes & Ale-Rocha
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” [red label]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA463C94D96FB2E2AFEBAFE5C" box="[229,333,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
condition: good, but both antennae lost; not dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA463C94D96D92ED7FAB3FE04" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D96D92ED7FDCFFE79" bold="true" box="[199,568,402,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B457050A463C94D945E2ED6FAB6FE04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360371" collectingDate="2016-07-13" collectingDateMax="2016-07-27" collectingDateMin="2016-07-13" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName=" J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier" country="Brazil" county="Amazonas" latitude="-4.213333" location="Km" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.817776" municipality="Careiro Castanho" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA463C94D945E2ED6FD5EFE78" box="[576,681,403,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F30281A463C94D94AA2ED6FCD8FE78" box="[692,815,403,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amazonas</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6E077A463C94D95252ED6FBF4FE78" box="[827,1027,403,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Careiro Castanho</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, BR-319,
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A463C94D92662ED6FB55FE78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A463C94D92662ED6FB55FE78" box="[1144,1186,403,429]" country="Brazil" county="Amazonas" latitude="-4.213333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.817776" municipality="Careiro Castanho" name="Km" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Km</location>
|
||
181,
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A463C94D92FB2ED6FAEDFE78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA462C94D96892E63FB62FC88:8EF22CD6A463C94D92FB2ED6FAEDFE78" box="[1253,1306,403,429]" country="Brazil" county="Amazonas" latitude="-4.213333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.817776" municipality="Careiro Castanho" name="Sitio" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Sítio</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA463C94D933D2ED6FA6FFE78" box="[1315,1432,403,429]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA463C94D96892EFDFEEFFE06" box="[151,280,440,467]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-4.213333">04°12′48″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA463C94D97012EFDFE5DFE06" box="[287,426,440,467]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-60.817776">60°49′04″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF935CCDA463C94D97A82EF2FD95FE04" box="[438,610,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-07-13" valueMax="2016-07-27" valueMin="2016-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD7A525A463C94D97A82EF2FD95FE04" box="[438,610,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-07-13" valueMax="2016-07-27" valueMin="2016-07-13">13–27.vii.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA463C94D94732EF2FD31FE04" box="[621,710,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malaise</collectorName>
|
||
grande 2,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA463C94D95222EF2FC4EFE04" box="[828,953,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">J.A. Rafael</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA463C94D95C32EF2FBAEFE04" box="[989,1113,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F.F. Xavier</collectorName>
|
||
F. (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A463C94D92982EF2FB47FE04" box="[1158,1200,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A463C94D92A22EF2FB11FE04" box="[1212,1254,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A463C94D92EA2EF2FACFFE04" box="[1268,1336,439,465]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A463C94D96D92E9FFF33FDCC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA463C94D96D92E9FFF33FDCC" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D96D92E9FFE96FE21" bold="true" box="[199,353,474,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA463C94D97752E9EFE58FE20" box="[363,431,475,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Amazonas).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D944D2E9EFCB7FE20" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[595,832,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D944D2E9EFCB7FE20" box="[595,832,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Syneches applanatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to occur only in the Amazon biome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A463C94D93712E9EFF40FDCC" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,1094,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-53@76.[224,1362,1094,1898]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 50. Syneches Walker. Geographical records of S. amazonicus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. bilobatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. exilis Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. jauensis Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008 and S. sinclairi sp. nov. in Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560728/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A463C94D96D92D67FB0FFDE8" box="[199,1272,546,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA463C94D96D92D67FB0FFDE8" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,1272,546,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D96D92D67FEC8FDE9" bold="true" box="[199,319,546,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Contrary to the males, the hind femora in females are not strongly swollen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A463C94D92882D66FB1CFDE8" box="[1174,1259,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-69@16.[151,1435,447,1723]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016. A–C. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view. D. Paratype (male from type-locality). Wing; E. Paratype (male from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view; F. Paratype (female from type-locality). Hind femur, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560608/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A463C94D96D92D02FB62FC88" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA463C94D96D92D02FB62FC88" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D96D92D02FECCFDB4" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D975C2D02FDDAFDB4" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[322,557,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D975C2D02FDDAFDB4" box="[322,557,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Syneches applanatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D94DF2D02FCC1FDB4" box="[705,822,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D94DF2D02FCC1FDB4" box="[705,822,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. repletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the flat ocellar triangle, pterostigma brown and round, ending near apex of cell r
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A463C94D94142D38FDE5FD5E" attach="left" box="[522,530,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</subScript>
|
||
and hind femur strongly swollen in males. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D926A2D2EFAFAFD50" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[1140,1293,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D926A2D2EFAFAFD50" box="[1140,1293,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. applanatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D96892DCAFEFAFD7C" box="[151,269,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D96892DCAFEFAFD7C" box="[151,269,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. repletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the fore and mid femora mostly brown to reddish brown, hind tibia with a brown ring at mid-length and hind femur bearing 1AV row of spiniform bristles inserted on short tubercles. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D92422DF6FB25FD18" box="[1116,1234,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D92422DF6FB25FD18" box="[1116,1234,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. repletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the fore and mid femora are yellow, hind tibia is yellow lacking dark ring, but with the apical half to apical third brown and tubercles of the hind femur much longer than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA463C94D94922DBEFCD3FCC0" authorityName=", Menezes & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[652,804,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="applanatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA463C94D94922DBEFCD3FCC0" box="[652,804,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. applanatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The original description states that the prescutellar disc bears reddish brown pruinescence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA463C94D943F2C5AFC92FCEF" author="Menezes, I. S. & Ale-Rocha, R." box="[545,869,799,826]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="401 - 442" refId="ref52545" refString="Menezes, I. S. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2016) Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa, 4103 (5), 401 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4103.5.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Menezes & Ale-Rocha 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA463C94D92652C5AFB2AFCEC" box="[1147,1245,799,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
revealed that the prescutellar disc is covered with gray pruinescence, contrasting with the rest of the scutum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |