167 lines
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167 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho–)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. & De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="01BBF742B3155A67872453FF260FDE2E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Calthropella (Calthropella) xavierae Soest, Beglinger & Voogd, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1668164561298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>68</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-68-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360746" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CFED089B-4226-4FEA-84C2-71481A291F48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/01BBF742B3155A67872453FF260FDE2E" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CFED089B-4226-4FEA-84C2-71481A291F48" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Calthropella) xavierae" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xavierae" subGenus="Calthropella">Calthropella Calthropella xavierae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="53" pageNumber="54">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Holotype ZMA Por. 11376, Indonesia, E of Komodo, 8.4867°S; 119.6167°E, depth 138 m, dredge, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, Snellius II Exped. Stat. 095, 19 September 1984.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Lobate mass (Fig. 27A), size 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×5×">x5x</normalizedToken>
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5cm, microhispid surface, rough to the touch. Colour pinkish brown. Two oscule type openings are located on the rounded upper surface, 3-4 mm in diameter. Consistency hard.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Skeleton: a dense crust of asterose microscleres at the surface covers a dense mass of calthrops. Asters are also crowded in the choanosome. The skeleton is densely confused and there are few canals or cavities; some broken monaxone spicules were present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Spicules: calthrops, globular tuberculate asters, oxyspherasters, oxeas?.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Calthrops (Fig. 27B) in an extremely wide range of sizes and shapes, cladi 44
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–238.2–">-238.2-</normalizedToken>
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587
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–40.8–">-40.8-</normalizedToken>
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101
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, cladome 62
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–344.3–">-344.3-</normalizedToken>
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820
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Broken monaxonic spicules (oxeas?) measured up to 700
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Oxyasters (Fig. 27C), with a discrete rounded center and rays often ill developed or partly missing, range from 8 to 21, possibly in two size categories, the larger (Fig. 27D) with fewer rays, 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–16.9–">-16.9-</normalizedToken>
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21 (8 rays) and smaller (Fig. 27E) with more numerous rays, 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–9.7–">-9.7-</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(12-14 rays), but some overlap is present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">Globular</pageBreakToken>
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tuberculated spherasters (Fig. 27C) or 'silica
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<normalizedToken originalValue="balls’">balls'</normalizedToken>
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, appearing to be derived from the normal euasters by heavy silicification, in a wide size range, 6-27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, possibly in two size categories, larger (Fig. 27F) 18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–21.3–">-21.3-</normalizedToken>
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27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and smaller (Fig. 27G) 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.3–">-8.3-</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 27.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Calthropella) xavierae" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xavierae" subGenus="Calthropella">Calthropella (Calthropella) xavierae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 11376, from Indonesia, E of Komodo, A habit B calthrops C overview of asters D large oxyaster E small oxyaster F large tuberculated speraster G small tuberculated spheraster.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">The name of the new species acknowledges all the help we received from Joana B.R.T. Xavier during her stay in Amsterdam, and the generous donation of several sponge fragments important for this study.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Dredged from hard bottom at 138 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Known only from the type locality, E of the island of Komodo, Nusa Tengara (southern island chain bordering the Banda Sea).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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This is a clear
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Calthropella)" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Calthropella">Calthropella (Calthropella)</taxonomicName>
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resembling the type species
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Calthropella) simplex" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex" subGenus="Calthropella">Calthropella (Calthropella) simplex</taxonomicName>
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in all but the finer details of spicule sizes and shapes. The habitus is more elaborately globular and has pinkish brown colour (in alcohol) in contrast to more flattened pale
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<normalizedToken originalValue="yellow–grey">yellow-grey</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Calthropella) simplex" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex" subGenus="Calthropella">Calthropella (Calthropella) simplex</taxonomicName>
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; there appear to be two distinct size categories of oxyspherasters in the new species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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No matching descriptions are found in the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Indo–West">Indo-West</normalizedToken>
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Pacific region, but
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="421 - 487" title="Spongiaires de la Baie d'Amboine. (Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais)" volume="4" year="1897">Topsent (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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reported the occurrence of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella geodioides" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="geodioides">Calthropella geodioides</taxonomicName>
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var. from Ambon Bay, Indonesia (see also below based on a redescription in
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<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="723 - 764" title="Revision de la collection d'eponges d'Amboine (Moluques, Indonesie) constitue par Bedot et Pictet et conservee au Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve." volume="88" year="1981">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Desqueyroux-Faúndez">Desqueyroux-Faundez</normalizedToken>
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1981
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</bibRefCitation>
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) which shows a few similarities. It differs from our new species at least by the possession of dichocalthrops, apparently proper oxeas and white colour.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |