176 lines
20 KiB
XML
176 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="F174332C27E3D5A456572213626AF8EF" ID-CLB-Dataset="8753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d073f599-4282-4f4b-a071-5120d1a4af1e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4401190" ID-ZooBank="F2D5A199-48B1-448A-9B9A-458FBFB5253D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609333769558" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ferro, Gustavo Borges & Marshall, Stephen A." docDate="2020" docId="014B87AAFFC4FFA324A6240DFC69A1A3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4822.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4822 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paragrallomyia albibasis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FD72FFD2FFC7FFA72431210AFF92A00E" masterDocTitle="A redefinition of Paragrallomyia Hendel (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) and a revision of the P. albibasis complex" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698849606894" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="CAFB8637863916AFDFA8D97FE45942DF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="930CBFDA7F9C3491FB05269EB58E5353">
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<mods:title id="9CCFBC18E11FEC0DCB1EFF006C46E882">A redefinition of Paragrallomyia Hendel (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) and a revision of the P. albibasis complex</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="78057A5861A4EECBB0D90B71AC981739" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4A5E74119EE89FCA26D8441E23FB210D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="758F02C5F42CC09686ACC1BEA41DEE2C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="76EB233E2D3B220F673BAFDB738A58BB">Ferro, Gustavo Borges</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC8FE253D9FF33D206E5EE927FE183FD" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2091-0872</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E36845BEAFF1DD9B1F6D9C841A85CDB0">School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N 1 G 2 W 1. & bferrog @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2091 - 0872</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="30A091B4F805662394B973C74E188452" type="email">bferrog@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2036625680E64B69AAE99EFBA825713A" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CE22CE33E3F11FF77C22A8065B17BF9F">Marshall, Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AD7F9AACB755D80E6123A84A51CE8390" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5732-9718</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F8DA6E97BB2946248A3C62FAD0CD6C7">School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N 1 G 2 W 1. & samarsha @ uoguelph. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5732 - 9718</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D29EF393FB9D77701F39A0FCC46E0A0F" type="email">samarsha@uoguelph.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5BF872F21A394FD1D5BFA82CBEE5EFA1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="359BF8391467FD9A675A1DE38D1B9ADE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1BCB68C5847C30489EB47F73FAF88684">
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<mods:date id="E3E5B33AC94F9B68EFA542A567577B4F">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A9F2B831C008E0E70E05150044BFEEAC">2020-08-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD60EFC85D9331A5EA5DDE3530075FC3">4822</mods:number>
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<treatment id="014B87AAFFC4FFA324A6240DFC69A1A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4453172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177010962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4453172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:014B87AAFFC4FFA324A6240DFC69A1A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/014B87AAFFC4FFA324A6240DFC69A1A3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C1F86537FFC4FFA424A6240DFDFFA52F" box="[151,621,1287,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="895D36BCFFC4FFA424A6240DFDFFA52F" blockId="3.[151,621,1287,1314]" box="[151,621,1287,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D21581D0FFC4FFA424A6240DFDFFA52F" bold="true" box="[151,621,1287,1314]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA424A6240DFDFFA52F" bold="true" box="[151,621,1287,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC4FFA424FE240DFE6CA52C" authority="(Enderlein, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[207,510,1287,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albibasis">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA424FE240DFE6CA52C" bold="true" box="[207,510,1287,1314]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Paragrallomyia albibasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1F86537FFC4FFA424A62445FD1BA7C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="895D36BCFFC4FFA424A62445FA8FA583" blockId="3.[151,1437,1359,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA424A62445FE86A567" bold="true" box="[151,276,1359,1385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4E1A9B59FFC4FFA4259A2445FD98A564" box="[427,522,1359,1386]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
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, wing
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<quantity id="4E1A9B59FFC4FFA426642445FD27A564" box="[597,693,1359,1386]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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. Thorax dark brown. Mesonotum black, sometimes with brownish postpronotal lobes. Two dorsocentral setae. Mid and hind femur with basal and subapical whitish rings.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="895D36BCFFC4FFA424F6249DFA19A5F7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1359,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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Head: Orange to brownish. Frontal vitta usually at least slightly depressed below epicephalon level (except
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC4FFA421B92492FF6CA5DB" authority="Ferro & Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Ferro & Marshall" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodulosa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA421B92492FF6CA5DB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">P. nodulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA4253524B1FED1A5DB" bold="true" box="[260,323,1467,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0A557D5FFC4FFA4253524B1FED1A5DB" box="[260,323,1467,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC4FFA4254924B6FDEBA5D8" authority="(Enderlein))" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" box="[376,633,1467,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiemei">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA4254924B6FE77A5DB" box="[376,485,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">P. thiemei</emphasis>
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(Enderlein))
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</taxonomicName>
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. Frontal vitta usually darkened, sometimes with a black velvety spot anterior to ocelli. Outer vertical, inner vertical, orbital, and postocellar setae strong; 2 frontal setae. Vertex rounded.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="895D36BCFFC4FFA424F62709FB7CA687" blockId="3.[151,1437,1359,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Thorax: Uniformly black, or brownish laterally only. Postpronotal lobes black to dark brown or orange. Anterior half of postpronotal lobe bare or with at least three strong black setae. Cervical sclerite swollen on posterior half or smooth, without swelling. Mid and hind femur with basal and subapical whitish rings, basal ring length varying from 1/8 to 1/4 of femur length. Mid and hind tibia almost cylindrical or highly dilated and curved.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="895D36BCFFC4FFA424F62799FD1BA7C0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1359,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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Abdomen: Tergites dark brown or brown, covered by brownish or darkened setulae. Pleural membrane uniformly darkened or with white bands on P1 and P3. Female abdomen: Internal reproductive structures highly variable among species, usually with a basally tapered and distally broad paired spermathecal duct and an apically broadened single spermathecal duct. Spermatheca number varying from three to four, single spermatheca sometimes forked. Male abdomen: Genital fork varying interspecifically, with inner basal lobes absent, quadrate or long and curved; arms generally converging, but sometimes pointed inward. Ejaculatory apodeme reduced or large, with a short and thin or long and broad blade. Phallapodeme and hypandrium usually same length as epandrium (longer in
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC4FFA4210E2666FF54A7A7" authorityName="Ferro & Marshall" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodulosa">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA4210E2666FF54A7A7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">P. nodulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC4FFA424CC269AFEF2A7A7" authorityName="Ferro & Marshall" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Ferro & Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[253,352,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpes">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA424CC269AFEF2A7A7" box="[253,352,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">P. vulpes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Distiphallus long, longer than epandrium and generally with a short and thin distal distiphallus (long and thin only in
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC4FFA425A026BEFDA0A7C3" authority="Ferro & Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Ferro & Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[401,562,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quaternaria" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA425A026BEFDA0A7C3" box="[401,562,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">P. quaternaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA4260826B9FDEAA7C3" bold="true" box="[569,632,1971,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0A557D5FFC4FFA4260826B9FDEAA7C3" box="[569,632,1971,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1F86537FFC4FFA324F626DDFC69A1A3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="895D36BCFFC4FFA324F626DDFACBA113" blockId="3.[151,1437,1359,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA424F626DDFEC0A7FF" bold="true" box="[199,338,2007,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Comments:</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC4FFA425BE26D2FD83A7FF" box="[399,529,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albibasis">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC4FFA425BE26D2FD83A7FF" box="[399,529,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">P. albibasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex is here recognized as a phenetic group based on
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<bibRefCitation id="ED734B4DFFC4FFA4208326DDFAF9A7FF" author="Hennig, W." box="[1202,1387,2007,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="65 - 108" refId="ref24648" refString="Hennig, W. (1934) Revision der Tyliden (Dipt. Acalypt.). I. Teil. Die Taeniapterinae Amerikas [cont.]. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 95, 65 - 108." type="journal article" year="1934">Hennig’s (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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key characters of
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA32501219DFDACA0BC" authority="(Enderlein)" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" box="[304,574,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albibasis">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA32501219DFE20A0BF" box="[304,434,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. albibasis</emphasis>
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(Enderlein)
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</taxonomicName>
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: darkened thorax, sometimes brownish only on postpronotal lobes; two dorsocentral setae; mid and hind femur with basal and subapical whitish rings. The recognition and revision of this complex helps to divide the species of the large genus
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA326C721D5FC3BA0F7" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1933" box="[758,937,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA326C721D5FC3BA0F7" box="[758,937,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Paragrallomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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into more manageable units for revision and allows the identification of some of the most abundant and widespread species of Neotropical
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA320862009FAC7A113" box="[1207,1365,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Micropezidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="895D36BCFFC3FFA324F6202DFC69A1A3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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A total of 17 species are described or redescribed herein:
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA3276B202DFBF5A14C" authority="(Enderlein)" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" box="[858,1127,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albibasis">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA3276B202DFC4EA14F" box="[858,988,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. albibasis</emphasis>
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(Enderlein)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA32045202DFAE9A14C" authority="(Albuquerque)" baseAuthorityName="Albuquerque" box="[1140,1403,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inpai">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA32045202DFB59A14E" box="[1140,1227,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. inpai</emphasis>
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(Albuquerque)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA321B9202DFE78A168" authority="(Albuquerque)" baseAuthorityName="Albuquerque" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teresacristinae">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA321B9202DFEAEA16A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. teresacristinae</emphasis>
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(Albuquerque)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA325C52041FD7BA168" authority="(Enderlein)" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" box="[500,745,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiemei">
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<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA325C52041FDF2A16B" box="[500,608,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. thiemei</emphasis>
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(Enderlein)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA326C22041FC5AA16B" authority="(Cresson)" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" box="[755,968,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA326C22041FCC7A16B" box="[755,853,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
(Cresson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 12 new species. The key to the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA324842065FEDDA187" box="[181,335,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Micropezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Neotropical region in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED734B4DFFC3FFA326A52065FCDBA187" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[660,841,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" pagination="728" refId="ref25105" refString="Marshall, S. A. (2010) Micropezidae (stilt-legged flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 728." type="book chapter" year="2010">Marshall (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
can be modified to fit the current diagnoses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA3216A2065FE80A1A3" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Paragrallomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA3216A2065FE80A1A3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Paragrallomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EE24D3FFFC3FFA325792099FE5CA1A2" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[328,462,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" genus="Taeniaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB96EAAEFFC3FFA325792099FE5CA1A2" box="[328,462,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Taeniaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the addition of the modified couplet below:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |