348 lines
50 KiB
XML
348 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="DC51D71741C205280F8766EB4B164C5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="22516" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77e441b5-2bdc-4c26-b6fc-b007d8d9ca25" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772829" ID-ZooBank="5A946337-6921-45CB-B6F8-F64BC48F2D5A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588058821214" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2019" docId="03E287CBB230FF87F3D081BDFCA5F84A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4685.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4685 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Ceroptres frondosae Ashmead 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFDBFFB3B22BFF9BF347856CFF91FFDD" masterDocTitle="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698837771968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="51C511755477976B49D57AF7E7DBC39E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B1C531E2D8B7B5B517B69E978126E686">
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<mods:title id="CBC7CA074FFE3304B49571A5568855D1">Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9B2DEA099D7FB671AC49BEFB19579E5A">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4EEBDC0A3703E64DF8DCD33ACADAFF28" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F9901B98B2628D6711851DD49961E118">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="19B3EDC783BAF0B14C58CB8C6ADBCD31">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="891EBED8E0C83BFFF0154BA5E3474455">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="46EDF7ED82B8DDB6BEF8FA842EF428B4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3CC21E40A78245875383BDB10BF770AF">
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<mods:date id="0B1CB1242B09D15ECB34EC27A0EFAE02">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0EBDCEDF0BDBCF1D98AB906EECBB613A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="6271FA0C0A2B05FE919B5329BE83AD73">2019-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="64997E003ADE7E1784FD3E34A77421CA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="680EDFC208F482071322A0FDC9777D20">4685</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="80C48E01BE4BB28623A3DB840062DBCF" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="1208E9CCCFD236639C78D54D2365FF7E" type="CLB-Dataset">22516</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="265D789DF85292BF9B1C3C77E1B5D2F4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0C51112CCC26855566A87F9408EF50E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8099E7DB4B72A9E9AD57687A4E372AAA" type="Zenodo-Dep">3772829</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287CBB230FF87F3D081BDFCA5F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3797557" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3797557" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287CBB230FF87F3D081BDFCA5F84A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287CBB230FF87F3D081BDFCA5F84A" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F3D081BDFDC0FB36" box="[151,593,1233,1260]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3D081BDFDC0FB36" blockId="27.[151,593,1233,1295]" box="[151,593,1233,1260]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0BC81B1B230FF80F3D081BDFDC0FB36" bold="true" box="[151,593,1233,1260]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F3D081BDFDC0FB36" authority="Ashmead, 1896" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,593,1233,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3D081BDFDC0FB36" bold="true" box="[151,593,1233,1260]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3D081BDFE1CFB31" bold="true" box="[151,397,1233,1260]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres frondosae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F2D581BDFDC0FB36" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[402,593,1233,1259]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref55364" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F3D08199FEE8FAD2" box="[151,377,1269,1295]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3D08199FEE8FAD2" blockId="27.[151,593,1233,1295]" box="[151,377,1269,1295]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F3D88199FE99FAD2" box="[159,264,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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i–k; 6f, g)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F3D08056FBBFFA8C" box="[151,1070,1336,1362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3D08056FBBFFA8C" blockId="27.[151,1070,1336,1362]" box="[151,1070,1336,1362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F3D08056FD9CFA8C" authority="Ashmead, 1896" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,525,1336,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3D08056FEF4FA8C" box="[151,357,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres frondosae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F22D8054FD9CFA8C" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[362,525,1336,1361]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref55364" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1518056FD77FA8C" box="[534,742,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.</emphasis>
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23: 186.
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<typeStatus id="54F0887FB230FF80F0038056FCE7FA8F" box="[836,886,1338,1362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F3D080ECFEBEF9F4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3D080ECFC12FA3F" blockId="27.[151,1436,1407,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3D080ECFE49FA47" bold="true" box="[151,472,1407,1434]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type material (examined).</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B233C80B230FF80F2A580ECFB7AFA63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609012219" collectorName="Through C. V. Riley' & Type No." country="United States of America" location="U. S." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54F0887FB230FF80F2A580ECFD13FA47" box="[482,642,1408,1434]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B230FF80F1D080ECFD38FA47" box="[663,681,1408,1434]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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) with the following labels: ‘
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<collectorName id="26BE530BB230FF80F0B28013FB7FFA44" box="[1013,1262,1407,1434]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Through C. V. Riley’</collectorName>
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(white label) / ‘
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<collectorName id="26BE530BB230FF80F3DC80C8FE9AFA63" box="[155,267,1444,1470]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type No.</collectorName>
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3283
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<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB230FF80F21380C8FE15FA63" box="[340,388,1444,1470]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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N.M.’ (red label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F12380C8FCDCFA60" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[612,845,1443,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">Ceroptres frondosae</taxonomicName>
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B230FF80F01180C8FCFAFA63" box="[854,875,1444,1470]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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Ashm’ (white label, handwritten)
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</materialsCitation>
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/ ‘
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<typeStatus id="54F0887FB230FF80F64E80C8FAEFFA63" box="[1289,1406,1444,1470]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B230FF80F6C080C8FA0DFA63" box="[1415,1436,1444,1470]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F3D080A4FDA2FA3C" authority="Ashmead, 1896" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,563,1479,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3D080A4FEEAFA3F" box="[151,379,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres frondosae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F2C680ABFDA2FA3C" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[385,563,1479,1505]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref55364" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V desig-2019’ (red label).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3808087FEBEF9F4" blockId="27.[151,1436,1407,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B233C80B230FF80F3808087FEBBF9F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609012217" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Through C. V. Riley' & Type No." country="United States of America" location="U. S." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3808087FE23F9DB" bold="true" box="[199,434,1515,1542]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Additional material</emphasis>
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.
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B230FF80F2F88080FE73F9DB" box="[447,482,1516,1542]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F1418080FD78F9DB" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[518,745,1516,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1418080FD78F9DB" box="[518,745,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres frondosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE18B230FF80F03B8080FC5CF9DB" box="[892,973,1516,1542]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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in the same pin and with the same data as the lectotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F380835FFB2EF903" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F380835FFB2EF903" blockId="27.[151,1436,1407,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F380835FFEABF993" bold="true" box="[199,314,1587,1614]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F20D8358FDBEF993" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[330,559,1588,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F20D8358FDBEF993" box="[330,559,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres frondosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically almost identical to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F0A88358FBEEF990" box="[1007,1151,1588,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F0A88358FBEEF990" box="[1007,1151,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. cornigera</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(see above), from which differs only by having POL about 3.0 times as long as OOL (
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<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F076833BFC11F9AF" box="[817,896,1623,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
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) (POL 2.0 times as long as OOL in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F6408334FA04F9AC" box="[1287,1429,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
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||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F6408334FA04F9AC" box="[1287,1429,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. cornigera</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F3D08317FF76F94B" box="[151,231,1659,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Fig.
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||
<quantity id="4CB39B38B230FF80F38C8310FF76F94B" box="[203,231,1660,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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) and OOL about as long as diameter of lateral ocelli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F0058317FC02F94B" box="[834,915,1659,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
|
||
) (OOL 1.5 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F3BF83CCFE17F964" box="[248,390,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3BF83CCFE17F964" box="[248,390,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F2D383F3FE74F967" box="[404,485,1695,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B38B230FF80F28083CCFE74F967" box="[455,485,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). It also has a medial ridge in the depressed area delimited by the two vertical carinae on the lower face (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F22F83AFFE22F903" box="[360,435,1731,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3j</figureCitation>
|
||
) like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F2B383A8FD13F900" box="[500,642,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F2B383A8FD13F900" box="[500,642,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F1FE83A8FCBDF900" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[697,812,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1FE83A8FCBDF900" box="[697,812,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. ensiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F76783A8FB3FF900" box="[1056,1198,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F76783A8FB3FF900" box="[1056,1198,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF87F380838BFEF6FA1E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F380838BFCE6F8DF" blockId="27.[151,1436,1407,2010]" box="[199,887,1767,1794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F380838BFEFCF8DF" bold="true" box="[199,365,1767,1794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F23B8384FDA6F8DF" bold="true" box="[380,567,1768,1794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Female. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B38B230FF80F192838BFCBAF8DF" box="[725,811,1767,1794]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3808267FDC1F8B0" blockId="27.[151,1436,1407,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3808267FE9AF8FB" bold="true" box="[199,267,1803,1830]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F25C8267FEFFF8F8" box="[283,366,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 3i</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F23B8267FE25F8FB" box="[380,436,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">6f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
). Black. Head, mesosoma and almost the entire metasoma, black; tegulae yellow, metasomal terminal segments and hypopygium, reddish brown or black. Antennae and legs testaceous, coxae dusky at base. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF87F3808214FAD4FE0E" blockId="27.[151,1436,1407,2010]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3808214FE96F84F" bold="true" box="[199,263,1912,1938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F290821BFDB0F84F" box="[471,545,1911,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoid-shaped, about 1.3 times as wide as high, genae not expanded behind compound eyes. Face with long and moderately dense pubescence, lower face with short striae radiating from sides of clypeus, not reaching the toruli nor the ventral margin of compound eyes; medially without striae; vertical carinae incomplete, running from inner ventral margin of the toruli almost 2/3 of the lower face length and delimiting a depressed area that is bulged medially, forming a medial ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F02185D1FC25FF05" box="[870,948,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3j</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus distinct, not projected over mandibles. Malar space almost 0.5 times as long as height of compound eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal sulcus absent, epistomal sulcus slightly impressed. Transfacial line about 0.9 times as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye slightly shorter than diameter of the toruli; distance between the toruli clearly shorter than diameter of the toruli. Front finely coriaceous to alutaceous, with small scarce piliferous punctures; without frontal carinae. Head in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F7A2841DFAA7FE51" box="[1253,1334,369,396]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
|
||
) is about 2.3 times as wide as long. Vertex finely coriaceous to alutaceous, with small scarce piliferous punctures. POL:OOL: LOL = 18:6:7 and diameter of lateral ocelli about as long as OOL. Occiput finely coriaceous to alutaceous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F38084B0FEE4FDBE" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F38084B0FEABFE2A" bold="true" box="[199,314,476,503]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F20C84B1FE0DFE25" box="[331,412,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
|
||
). 12-segmented; filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about 1.3 times as long as F1; pedicel 1.3 times as long as wide; F1 0.9 times as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal, the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 4.0 times as long as wide and 2.5 times as long as F9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F3808701FAD1FBCE" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F3808701FED4FD5A" bold="true" box="[199,325,621,647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F0218701FC25FD55" box="[870,948,621,648]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
|
||
), including nucha, with long, but not dense, pubescence. Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.38. Dorsal part of pronotal plate complete, with two distinct but small widely spaced foveae. Lateral pronotum coriaceous to imbricated, without lateral carina. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F25587B5FEF4FD29" box="[274,357,729,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B38B237FF87F20F87B5FEF4FD29" box="[328,357,729,756]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) 1.1 times as wide as long, strongly coriaceous with weak discontinuous transversal elements; anterior grooves weakly impressed, extending 1/3 of the mesoscutal length. Notauli almost complete and well impressed, but faint in the anterior 1/3, wider posteriorly. Parapsidal grooves shallow, surpassing tegulae. Median groove short, narrow and shallow, visible at most in the posterior 1/4 of the mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F6058629FA05FCBD" box="[1346,1428,837,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B38B237FF87F6308629FA05FCBD" box="[1399,1428,837,864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) rounded, about as long as wide, densely but weakly wrinkled, more strongly wrinkled laterally and posteriorly, interspaces strongly coriaceous; circumscutellar carina absent; scutellar foveae ovate, shallow, not well defined posteriorly, weakly sculptured and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F08C86DDFB86FC11" box="[971,1047,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
|
||
) smooth and shiny, little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaching about 3/4 parts of the mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and smooth; propodeal carinae straight and almost parallel. Nucha weakly sculptured dorsally and laterally, not sulcate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F3808171FD49FBEA" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" box="[199,728,1053,1079]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F3808171FF6EFBEA" bold="true" box="[199,255,1053,1079]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws bidentate, with a basal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F380812CFD3BFB7E" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F380812CFE82FB86" bold="true" box="[199,275,1088,1115]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F261812DFEE9FB81" box="[294,376,1089,1116]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewings pubescent with short marginal setae, about as long as body length. Radial cell closed, 2.7 times as long as wide; areolet not well defined, anterior and basal veins inconspicuous. Rs+M inconspicuous. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F38081C1FC09FA8A" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F38081C1FED2FB1A" bold="true" box="[199,323,1197,1223]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A58B237FF87F21481C1FE32FB15" box="[339,419,1197,1224]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma and about as long as high in lateral view. First metasomal tergum crescent-shaped and smooth. Second metasomal tergum short and free, 0.3 times as long as the metasomal length and with a dense hair patch anterolaterally. Third metasomal tergum with an inconspicuous posterodorsal patch of micropunctures, not dorsodistally incised; subsequent terga very finely punctate. Prominent part of the hypopygial spine about as long as wide and slightly projected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F380800DFEF6FA1E" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F380800DFE9AFAA6" bold="true" box="[199,267,1377,1403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to female, except for the following morphological traits: body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B38B237FF87F7C2800DFB4CFAA6" box="[1157,1245,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Antennae with an unknown number of segments (broken); F1 slightly curved and expanded apically. Vertical carinae on the lower face shorter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516556B237FF87F38080A0FBC3FA3A" box="[199,1106,1484,1511]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F38080A0FBC3FA3A" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" box="[199,1106,1484,1511]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F38080A0FEC8FA3A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1484,1511]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB237FF87F22080A1FE32FA3A" box="[359,419,1485,1511]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Saint Louis, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498FF83FB237FF87F1D380A1FD69FA3A" box="[660,760,1485,1511]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F04180A1FC25FA3A" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[774,948,1485,1511]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref55364" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F08780A1FBD7FA3A" author="Burks, B. D." box="[960,1094,1485,1511]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1045 - 1107" refId="ref55625" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516556B237FF87F380809CFCF3F941" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F380809CFCF3F941" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F380809CFEB0F9D6" bold="true" box="[199,289,1520,1547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F15E809DFDF6F9D6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[537,615,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F15E809DFDF6F9D6" box="[537,615,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F13E809DFCA2F9D6" box="[633,819,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">quercusfrondosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F07D809DFC41F9D6" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[826,976,1521,1547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref55514" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Description of several new species of Cynips and a new species of Diastrophus. Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3 (3), 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(unplaced species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F783809DFA0DF9D6" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1220,1436,1521,1547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1045 - 1107" refId="ref55625" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks (1979: 1107)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F3908379FE21F9ED" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[215,432,1557,1584]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref55514" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Description of several new species of Cynips and a new species of Diastrophus. Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3 (3), 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett (1864: 688)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described only the gall), which associates with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F0F88379FB48F9F2" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[959,1241,1557,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prinoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F0F88379FB1CF9F2" box="[959,1165,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Quercus prinoides</emphasis>
|
||
Willd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F7BA8379FF71F989" authority="Pursh." authorityName="Pursh." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinquapin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F7BA8379FA0DF9F2" box="[1277,1436,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Q. chinquapin</emphasis>
|
||
Pursh.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F3BF8355FE3CF989" box="[248,429,1593,1620]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="section">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F3BF8355FEC7F98E" box="[248,342,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
section
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F1098355FD62F989" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[590,755,1593,1620]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref55514" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Description of several new species of Cynips and a new species of Diastrophus. Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3 (3), 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F0198355FC3DF98E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[862,940,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F0198355FC3DF98E" box="[862,940,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F0F88355FBE8F98E" box="[959,1145,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">quercusfrondosa</emphasis>
|
||
have ‘cone-like body, developed from the axillary leaf-buds, and covered when green and often when dry with a dense, rose-like cluster of imperfectly developed leaves’ according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F1C783EDFCCFF941" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[640,862,1665,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref55514" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Description of several new species of Cynips and a new species of Diastrophus. Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3 (3), 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett (1864: 688)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516556B237FF87F38083C9FCA5F84A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F38083C9FD30F892" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F38083C9FEA5F962" bold="true" box="[199,308,1701,1727]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F20483C9FDB6F962" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[323,551,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F20483C9FDB6F962" box="[323,551,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceroptres frondosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B237FF87F0C083C9FC3BF962" box="[903,938,1701,1727]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB237FF87F0FE83C9FB33F91D" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[953,1186,1701,1728]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref55364" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead 1896: 186</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We only located and examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B237FF87F24B83A5FEBEF93E" box="[268,303,1737,1763]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in USNM. We also found a male mounted alongside the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB237FF87F77583A5FB08F93E" box="[1074,1177,1737,1763]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
belonging to the same species. According to the original description, Ashmead did not find any male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F76A8381FB2CF8DA" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[1069,1213,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F76A8381FBD1F8DA" box="[1069,1088,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F7098381FB2CF8DA" box="[1102,1213,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">frondosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so it is possible he confused the sex of this specimen. In any case, since Ashmead did not describe the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F7E6827DFA14F8F6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[1185,1413,1809,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F7E6827DFA14F8F6" box="[1185,1413,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceroptres frondosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it cannot be considered as part of the type series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB237FF87F3808235FCA5F84A" blockId="28.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Similarities and differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F1268235FD7EF8AE" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[609,751,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F1268235FD7EF8AE" box="[609,751,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. frondosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F0648235FC21F8AE" box="[803,944,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F0648235FC21F8AE" box="[803,944,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the possibility they are the same species have been discussed in the remarks section of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB237FF87F1DA8211FCA5F84A" box="[669,820,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB237FF87F1DA8211FCA1F84A" box="[669,816,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">C. cornigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |