266 lines
30 KiB
XML
266 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="14299EFF7FF031CC675FFFCDC0064442">Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0A2DD0581024111193BF43B4CDA907C0">Viertler, Alexandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="30864CBBE66E72C7CA09599D901E108C">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AFB71E7169BE4A6212D87430C8323143">Urfer, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3FF665813E1B45021DD7699A712F0855">Natural History Museum St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 263, 9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3663E24FF1B323C771069FE162B70A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DACBE657306FE77549E1D98975113BE2">Schulz, Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="600041A5A1EEC042EE3B272D73DDEBA9">Core Facility Micro- and Nanotomography, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B / C, & Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B / C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="98CCEF5EF7863CBB41CDF7E5C1A218DF">Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B40F370920F8F233662CB8B0BCD2492D">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3A6153ABE878CA3C50205580ECFE446A">Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B8C9F50799A59DEA9C74E7FA45F677B">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A374D158A66F149179ADB1D774497C3B">Swiss Journal of Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="72A9F6091902AA845C9F049471C44DA3">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="C4AACC155D0D017B367A5C986798C5ED">30</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="1B61F5B68E6E389442F25C3A6FC62416">2023-11-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CBF3DF7A83FC7D64CAC60480B476A81F">142</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="51539DC0CF6A1B110975768682F78A12">http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00294-2</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03E28783FFFDFFC9FF4F359D43F5F97A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12773768" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235609662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12773768" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:93A7E291-93A0-4278-B40B-51F5092551FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E28783FFFDFFC9FF4F359D43F5F97A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFFDFFCAFF4F359D4301F9DA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFCAFF4F359D4301F9DA" blockId="13.[151,776,1515,1571]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0BC81F9FFFDFFCAFF4F359D4301F9DA" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFF30359D4084F9FA" authority="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[232,719,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Firkantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFF30359D4313F9FA" bold="true" box="[232,344,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Firkantus</emphasis>
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Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFFDFFCAFD02359A428EF9DA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(masculine)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFFDFFCAFF4F363D4377F97A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFCAFF4F363D4377F97A" blockId="13.[151,775,1611,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<uri id="FFDA3A97FFFDFFCAFF4F363D4377F97A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFED0C40FFFDFFCAFE76363D4377F97A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">93A7E291-93A0-4278-B40B-51F5092551FD</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFFDFFCAFF4F36DD43C0F8DA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFCAFF4F36DD43C0F8DA" blockId="13.[151,775,1707,1827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFF4F36DD4350F93A" bold="true" box="[151,283,1707,1731]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFEF736DD43DCF93A" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[303,407,1707,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Firkantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFEF736DD43DCF93A" box="[303,407,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Firkantus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is derived from the Danish word “firkant”, meaning rectangle, which indicates the rectangular and square shapes of the areas enclosed by the propodeal carinae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFFDFFCAFF4F373D47D6FDFA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFCAFF4F373D47D6FDFA" blockId="13.[151,743,1867,1892]" lastBlockId="13.[813,1437,235,1284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFF4F373D437BF89A" bold="true" box="[151,304,1867,1891]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<typeStatus id="54F08837FFFDFFCAFF4F373D429BF89A" box="[151,208,1867,1891]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFEEE373D400AF89A" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[310,577,1867,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Firkantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freddykruegeri" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFEEE373D400AF89A" box="[310,577,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Firkantus freddykruegeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFFDFFCAFD9F373A40ACF89A" box="[583,743,1868,1892]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFCF5309D4662FEFA" bold="true" box="[813,1065,235,259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Systematic placement</emphasis>
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: The general habitus of this specimen resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFC06317D4616FEDA" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1869" box="[990,1117,267,291]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metopiinae">Metopiinae</taxonomicName>
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, with a slightly convex face, swollen legs, broad first tergite with spiracle around the middle, and broad and short tergites. The clear division of the clypeus from the face, lack of a triangular process on the dorsal part of the face, as well as no visible ridge between the antennal sockets to median ocellus, and complete propodeal carination (all only detectable after the micro-CT scan) precludes a placement in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFAC1319D47D2FDFA" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1869" box="[1305,1433,491,515]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metopiinae">Metopiinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFFDFFCAFC9A327D475BFAFA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFCAFC9A327D46A8FC1A" blockId="13.[813,1437,235,1284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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With the complete carination on the propodeum, revealed with the micro-CT scanning, the fossil specimen resembles some taxa in the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFB02323D41EAFD7A" authority="(Tryphoninae)" baseAuthorityName="Tryphoninae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="tribe" tribe="Tryphonini">Tryphonini (Tryphoninae)</taxonomicName>
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, which sometimes also exhibit a rather stout appearance. Some characters of the fossil, such as the transverse impressed clypeus, stout
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFDFFCAFB1A32DD4693FD3A" box="[1218,1240,683,707]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T</collectionCode>
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1, and the tergites with a broad transverse groove, are found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFAFA32BD418EFCFA" ID-CoL="3WYW" authority="Forster, 1855" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ctenochira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFAFA32BD47D7FD1A" box="[1314,1436,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ctenochira</emphasis>
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Förster, 1855
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</taxonomicName>
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. What speaks against the placement in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFCF5337D41ECFCDA" ID-CoL="3WYW" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1855" box="[813,935,779,803]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ctenochira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFCF5337D41ECFCDA" box="[813,935,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ctenochira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, or the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFB9B337D4688FCDA" box="[1091,1219,779,803]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="tribe" tribe="Tryphonini">Tryphonini</taxonomicName>
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in general, are the tapered mandibles, the strongly impressed notauli, the simple tarsal claws of the fossil, vein 1Cu being shorter than cu-a (nervellus intercepted above the middle) on the hind wing and the dorsoventrally depressed aedeagus. The very broad laterotergites do appear in some
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFCF533BD41E6FC1A" box="[813,941,971,995]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="tribe" tribe="Tryphonini">Tryphonini</taxonomicName>
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taxa, but this is rather rare.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFCAFC9A339A475BFAFA" blockId="13.[813,1437,235,1284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The fossil also resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFBBC339D469FFBFA" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1845" box="[1124,1236,1003,1027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
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, in the short and deep pronotum, the wing venation, broad laterotergites, dorsoventrally compressed aedeagus and the overall habitus shape. The complete carination can also be found in a few pimpline genera,
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFBEF341A46D3FB7A" box="[1079,1176,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Teronia</emphasis>
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Holmgren, 1859,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFABE341A41D5FB5A" ID-CoL="88GJ" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFABE341A41D5FB5A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the extinct genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFB7D34FD4636FB3A" authority="Kopylov, Spasojevic & Klopfstein 2018" authorityName="Kopylov, Spasojevic & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Crusopimpla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFB7D34FD4778FB5A" box="[1189,1331,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crusopimpla</emphasis>
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Kopylov,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B64FFFDFFCAFCF534DD4636FB3A" author="Spasojevic, T. & Broad, G. R. & Bennett, A. M. R. & Klopfstein, S." box="[813,1149,1195,1219]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="35 - 63" refId="ref19345" refString="Spasojevic, T., Broad, G. R., Bennett, A. M. R., & Klopfstein, S. (2018). Ichneumonid parasitoid wasps from the early eocene green river formation: five new species and a revision of the known fauna (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). PalZ, 92 (1), 35 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 017 - 0365 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">Spasojevic & Klopfstein 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFB5434DD47D6FB3A" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[1164,1437,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Firkantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freddykruegeri" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFB5434DD47D6FB3A" box="[1164,1437,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Firkantus freddykruegeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFFDFFCAFCF534BA4193FB1A" box="[813,984,1228,1252]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFBB534BD4696FB1A" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1845" box="[1133,1245,1227,1251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also in agreement with the phylogenetic placement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFFDFFC9FCF5355D4087FC5A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFCAFCF5355D4727FA1A" blockId="13.[813,1436,1323,1923]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFCF5355D41EBFABA" bold="true" box="[813,928,1323,1347]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: A placement in the extinct genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFAF0355A411BFA9A" authorityName="Kopylov, Spasojevic & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Crusopimpla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFAF0355A411BFA9A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crusopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be excluded because the new fossil genus has the occipital carina present ventrally, its pterostigma not as broad, and 1Cu shorter than cu-a in the hind wing. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFCF535DD465AFA3A" box="[813,1041,1451,1475]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFCF535DD41F0FA3A" box="[813,955,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crusopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a rather short 2Cu cell in the fore wing, while our fossil has it 2.6 × as long as wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFDFFC9FC9A359A4068FE9A" blockId="13.[813,1436,1323,1923]" lastBlockId="14.[151,775,235,932]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The new fossil genus shares many characteristics with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFCF5367D41F8F9DA" authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1889" box="[813,947,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lissopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFCF5367D41F8F9DA" box="[813,947,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lissopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFC2F367D46D4F9DA" box="[1015,1183,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFC2F367D46D7F9DA" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" box="[1015,1180,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xanthopimpla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
such as the strongly tapered mandibles (Character #1), the deep notauli (Character #57), the presence of lateromedian, lateral longitudinal (Character #76) and posterior transverse propodeal carinae (Character #79), the slender and barlike orbiculae on the hind claws (Character #124) and the broad laterotergites on
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFDFFCAFBAE36BD46CCF91A" box="[1142,1159,1739,1763]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T</collectionCode>
|
||
2–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFDFFCAFB7C36BD46FEF91A" box="[1188,1205,1739,1763]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T</collectionCode>
|
||
4 (Characters #188, #194 and #198).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFC3D369D46CCF8FA" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" box="[997,1159,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFC3D369D46CCF8FA" box="[997,1159,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and many
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFADB369A472DF8FA" box="[1283,1382,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Teronia</emphasis>
|
||
species possess a yellow-coloured body, with usually black spots or stripes on the metasoma. Unfortunately, in our fossil we cannot determine the ground plan coloration or color patterns.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFDFFCAFC2F371D46D2F87A" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" box="[1015,1177,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFDFFCAFC2F371D46D2F87A" box="[1015,1177,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
additionally shares the following characteristics with the fossil specimen: the conspicuously thickened hind femur (Character #110), large tarsal claws (not coded) and nervellus intercepted above the middle (Character #151).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFEFFC9FF75311A435CFCDA" blockId="14.[151,775,235,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
However, our fossil specimen has complete propodeal carination, which is not the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFEFFC9FDE731FD4298FE3A" authority=", Teronia" authorityName="Teronia" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lissopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FDE731FD408EFE5A" box="[575,709,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lissopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FD0E31FA4298FE3A" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Teronia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFEFFC9FED931DD43E8FE3A" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" box="[257,419,427,451]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FED931DD43E8FE3A" box="[257,419,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which almost always lack the anterior transverse carina, or at least the median portion.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FF0B319A437DFDFA" box="[211,310,492,515]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Teronia</emphasis>
|
||
can further be excluded because of their broad mandibles, that are not as strongly tapered, and the short, indistinct, or rather shallow notauli. Other characters that are very typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFEFFC9FDE9323D4098FD9A" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" box="[561,723,587,611]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FDE9323D4098FD9A" box="[561,723,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFEFFC9FF4F321D4356FD7A" box="[151,285,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lissopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FF4F321D4356FD7A" box="[151,285,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lissopimpla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are absent in our fossil, are the crest in front of the notauli, eyes with an invagination opposite the antennal sockets in dorsal view, an impunctate and smooth sculpture on
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFEFFC9FE6232BD439BFD1A" box="[442,464,715,739]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFEFFC9FDC132BD4067FD1A" box="[537,556,715,739]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
|
||
3 with a transverse, lozenge shaped area, bordered by deep grooves, at least posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFEFFC9FF75335A4087FC5A" blockId="14.[151,775,235,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Because of the previously mentioned morphological disagreements with similar genera, which are also reflected in the phylogenetic analysis, we confidently describe a new pimpline genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFEFFC9FE2E33FD402AFC5A" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[502,609,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Firkantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FE2E33FD402AFC5A" box="[502,609,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Firkantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFFEFFC9FDB033FA4087FC5A" box="[616,716,908,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFFEFFC9FF4F33BD43F5F97A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFFEFFC9FF4F33BD43F5F97A" blockId="14.[151,776,971,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FF4F33BD436CFC1A" bold="true" box="[151,295,971,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
The new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFFEFFC9FE3D33BD4006FC1A" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[485,589,971,995]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Firkantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFFEFFC9FE3D33BD4006FC1A" box="[485,589,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Firkantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the evenly convex face separated from the clypeus, the clypeus small and the apical margin without tubercles, denticles or prominent protrusions, the strongly tapered mandibles, the malar space shorter than the mandible base width and the occipital carina ventrally present. The mesosoma has deep converging notauli, reaching the middle of the mesoscutum, the propleuron without a lobe, the epicnemical carina not reaching the anterior margin of the mesopleuron, complete propodeal carination, posterior transverse carina of the mesosternum present laterally and between the mid coxae, metapleuron with the juxtacoxal carina present. The new genus has the hind femur enlarged, large claws, with slender and barlike orbiculae. The hind wing has 1Cu shorter than cu-a, and the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFEFFC9FF2235DD4344FA3A" box="[250,271,1451,1475]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1 is finely punctate and slightly longer than wide, with the glymma present, the laterotergite triangular and membranous with parallel latero-median carina reaching the posterior end, as well as
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFEFFC9FD8E367D402CF9DA" box="[598,615,1547,1571]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
|
||
2–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFFEFFC9FD5C367D40DEF9DA" box="[644,661,1547,1571]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
|
||
4 creased, with lateromedian round swellings and subapical impressions, and the parameres strongly enlarged and longer than most tergites laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |