817 lines
90 KiB
XML
817 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="84098A55112BA7233011DA762CF4A5E5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2db5db0-c5ca-4150-8d74-d39f2d96a78f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249140" ID-ZooBank="C1F59CA8-0F0E-471B-9B2D-26980A002511" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460692944579" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trager, James C." docDate="2013" docId="03DBDC46FFB6FF884BBEFD16FAF1686A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p548.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyergus mexicanus Trager, 2013, new status" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="518" masterDocId="FFE2A43EFFB8FF9A4B29FFC1FFE46976" masterDocTitle="Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="515" updateTime="1698351922635" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7EE17AAC351B38715D68E3F71B62119A">
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<mods:title id="25533D5614C178A80730E839F70A1572">Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="90B2F57D94C83F1370D5983701A2D188" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4F9ED52DEF97AF9E9C60D927205A1AA8">Trager, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="765ECABB3545C388BFA434B2ABA1C91A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ACA2E4CCC388AB5E8C16C85827275135">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E609CE42118869B4F51DF6BACCC9B919">
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<mods:date id="56ABB398C654D6221429E6C2A1D8E5BE">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4C43A69D3196622AD165D587FF9C1CCD">3722</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DE14A57334F2D944DB3396C1B53D79EB">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C8943E5CC7A9A47FC302688977B87322">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DADB4D56F79D6877ECA9A754C1E74770" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="09194419DD6F1B06F649E78ECC52B457" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E9EC7C15E82272863E92B363CEAE3BC5" type="Zenodo-Dep">249140</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DBDC46FFB6FF884BBEFD16FAF1686A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150053" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6150053" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBDC46FFB6FF884BBEFD16FAF1686A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDC46FFB6FF884BBEFD16FAF1686A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB6FF944BBEFD16FE266A01" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFD16FDC76B84" blockId="14.[151,547,727,787]" box="[151,547,727,754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<heading id="D085DA3CFFB6FF944BBEFD16FDC76B84" bold="true" box="[151,547,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BBEFD16FDC76B84" bold="true" box="[151,547,727,754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944BBEFD16FE7C6B87" box="[151,408,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BBEFD16FE7C6B87" bold="true" box="[151,408,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus mexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2350C39FFB6FF944A89FD19FDC76B84" box="[416,547,728,754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFD3BFE866A65" blockId="14.[151,547,727,787]" box="[151,354,762,787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<figureCitation id="134971D5FFB6FF944BBEFD3BFE866A65" box="[151,354,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 14" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1579,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1558]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 14. Lateral, full face, and dorsal views of Polyergus mexicanus worker CASENT 0281071. Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249146/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Figures 12, 13, 14</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFC82FE266A01" blockId="14.[151,1436,834,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944BBEFC82FE8F6A2E" box="[151,363,835,856]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BBEFC82FE8F6A2E" box="[151,363,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus rufescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subsp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944AE1FC82FD126A2E" authority="Forel 1899: 129" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1899" box="[456,758,834,856]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944AE1FC82FDD76A2E" box="[456,563,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">mexicanus</emphasis>
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Forel 1899: 129
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB6FF944821FC83FCBF6A2E" box="[776,859,834,856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB6FF9448F8FC83FBDC6A2E" box="[977,1080,834,856]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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, locality not specified [MHNG] (examined).
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944A6EFCA0FE586A00" bold="true" box="[327,444,865,886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">New status</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB6FF944BBEFC41FD106A84" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFC41FD7E6AC2" blockId="14.[151,1436,834,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944BBEFC41FE866AE3" box="[151,354,896,917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BBEFC41FE866AE3" box="[151,354,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus rufescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944A41FC41FCA16AE0" authority="Santschi 1911: 7" authorityName="Santschi" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1911" box="[360,837,896,918]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufescens" subSpecies="breviceps" variety="silvestrii">
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944A87FC41FDEA6AE3" box="[430,526,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">breviceps</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944916FC41FD726AE3" box="[575,662,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">silvestrii</emphasis>
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Santschi 1911: 7
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unavailable name; CALIFORNIA Yosemite (
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<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFB6FF944E37FC41FA616AE0" box="[1310,1413,896,918]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFB6FF944EA6FC41FEE16AC2" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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, presumably in MHNG (not examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFC7CFD106A84" blockId="14.[151,1436,834,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944BBEFC7CFD786AA5" authority="Wheeler 1915: 420" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="420" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,668,957,979]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufescens" subSpecies="laeviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BBEFC7CFE2F6AA4" box="[151,459,957,978]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus rufescens laeviceps</emphasis>
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Wheeler 1915: 420
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB6FF944981FC7CFD1F6AA5" box="[680,763,957,979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB6FF94484DFC7CFC7D6AA5" box="[868,921,957,979]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
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, CALIFORNIA Marin Co. Mt. Tamalpais [MCZ, red
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB6FF944BC4FC1CFED86A84" box="[237,316,989,1010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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label 22972] (examined).
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944961FC1DFD0A6A84" bold="true" box="[584,750,987,1010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">New Synonymy</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB6FF944BBEFC3AFB366CD5" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFC3AFDDF6D1A" blockId="14.[151,1436,834,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944BBEFC3AFD7A6D66" authority="Creighton 1950: 560" authorityName="Creighton" authorityPageNumber="560" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,670,1018,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufescens" subSpecies="umbratus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BBEFC3AFE2C6D66" box="[151,456,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus rufescens umbratus</emphasis>
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Creighton 1950: 560
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</taxonomicName>
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(first available use of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944857FC3AFB4B6D66" box="[894,1199,1019,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufescens" subSpecies="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944857FC3AFB4B6D66" box="[894,1199,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus rufescens breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944F9CFC3AFED46D59" authority="Wheeler 1915: 419" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="419" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufescens" variety="umbratus">
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var.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944FC8FC3AFAA56D66" box="[1249,1345,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">umbratus</emphasis>
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Wheeler 1915: 419
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB6FF944A68FBD8FE706D59" box="[321,404,1049,1071]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB6FF944AD0FBD8FDCA6D59" box="[505,558,1049,1071]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
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, CALIFORNIA, Santa Cruz Co., Brookdale [MCZ, red
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB6FF944F4CFBDBFB506D59" box="[1125,1204,1050,1071]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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label 22972; CAS, red MCZ
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB6FF944A2FFBF8FEB16D38" box="[262,341,1081,1102]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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label 22972; USNM, 57659] (MCZ, CAS material examined). Incorrect synonymy under
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944FD6FBF8FA9E6D3B" box="[1279,1402,1080,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944FD6FBF8FA9E6D3B" box="[1279,1402,1080,1102]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">P. breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Wheeler 1968:163.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944AA6FB96FDD16D1B" bold="true" box="[399,565,1110,1133]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">New Synonymy</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFBB4FC3C6DDC" blockId="14.[151,1436,834,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944BBEFBB4FE876DFC" box="[151,355,1141,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BBEFBB4FE876DFC" box="[151,355,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus rufescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944A41FBB4FC986DFD" authority="Wheeler 1917: 555" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="555" authorityYear="1917" box="[360,892,1141,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufescens" subSpecies="breviceps" variety="fusciventris">
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944A87FBB4FDEA6DFC" box="[430,526,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">breviceps</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944916FBB4FD506DFC" box="[575,692,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">fusciventris</emphasis>
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Wheeler 1917: 555
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</taxonomicName>
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(part). Unavailable name; following material referred here:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB6FF944A29FB55FED16DDC" box="[256,309,1172,1194]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
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, COLORADO, El Paso Co. Pikes Peak [MCZ 21738] (examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BBEFB16FB246C41" blockId="14.[151,1436,1238,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB6FF944BBEFB16FF1A6D99" box="[151,254,1239,1263]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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(N=6 on 3 pins) [MHNG] HL 1.52–1.62 (1.57), HW 1.45–1.60 (1.54), SL 1.08–1.13 (1.09), ½ VeM 0–1 (0.33), ½ PnM 5–6 (5.60), WL 2.20–2.40 (2.29), GL 2.04–2.40 (2.26), HFL 1.58–1.66 (1.62), CI 95–99 (98), SI 68–74 (71), HFI 104–112 (106), FSI 143–154 (148), LI 3.70–4.00 (3.86), TL 5.76–6.34 (6.12).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BEEFA82FB366CD5" blockId="14.[151,1436,1238,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Measurements (N=122) HL 1.28–1.96 (1.57), HW 1.24–1.92 (1.53), SL 0.94–1.36 (1.11), ½ VeM 0–3 (rarely, 5+) (1.20), ½ PnM 3–9 (6.77), WL 1.92–2.80 (2.31), GL 1.34–2.68 (2.17), HFL 1.32–1.96 (1.64), CI 91–103 (99), SI 65–81 (73), HFI 95–121 (107), FSI 134–161 (146), LI 3.24–4.76 (3.85), TL 5.01–7.36 (6.02).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB6FF954BEEFA6FFD0F68FE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB6FF944BEEFA6FFDD46E95" blockId="14.[151,1436,1238,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944BEEFA6FFE5E6CB1" bold="true" box="[199,442,1454,1479]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Worker description.</emphasis>
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This is the most widely distributed and most variable North American
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944FDAFA6FFA876CB1" box="[1267,1379,1454,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944FDAFA6FFA876CB1" box="[1267,1379,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Polyergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and accounts for most literature records of “
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944948FA13FD366C9D" box="[609,722,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944948FA13FD2A6C9D" box="[609,718,1490,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">breviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” other than the cited works of Howard Topoff and his students (regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB6FF944A3CFA36FEBA6F79" box="[277,350,1527,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944A3CFA36FEBA6F79" box="[277,350,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Head variable in shape by region, but locally less so, subquadrate with nearly straight sides curving-convergent toward the vertex, to round-sided and convergent toward the mandibles (pomoid) or occasionally nearly suborbicular in outline, HL usually slightly greater than HW, to HW very slightly broader than HL, the latter corresponding with more rounded sides; vertex pilosity of 0–10 macrosetae (> 5 is uncommon); scapes not reaching vertex corners by about
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB6FF9449B5F946FD5A6FE9" box="[668,702,1671,1695]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">2X</date>
|
||
their maximum width, curved, clavate in the apical third; HFL roughly equal to HL to slightly longer (rarely up to 1.2X, especially on West Coast); vertex weakly concave in full face view, corners often without erect setae, or each vertex corner may have 1–3 (up to 5) erect setae; pronotum with 4–10 (rarely up to 18) dorsal erect setae; mesonotum with profile flat or at most weakly convex for most of its length, but often convex and bulging in samples from along the West Coast and southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB6FF944F9CF8D7FAED6E59" box="[1205,1289,1814,1839]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(“
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB6FF944E0FF8D7FA6B6E59" box="[1318,1423,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
” form), and occasionally inland samples; propodeum evenly rounded; petiole with sub-parallel, straight to slightly rounded sides; petiole about as broad as propodeum (above metapleura) in postero-dorsal view; petiolar dorsal margin nearly flat, or faintly convex and medially flattened, occasionally shallowly emarginate; first tergite densely pubescent; first tergite pilosity in 3 or 4 transverse arrays but concentrated in the anterior third; first tergite pilosity flexuous, suberect to subdecumbent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BEEFF56FC11686B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
Head glossy in many specimens from California, Arizona, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF9548F8FF56FBCD69C6" box="[977,1065,151,176]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, decreasingly so eastward and northward, thus over most of the population weakly shining, even becoming matte in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF954F55FF7DFB3469A3" box="[1148,1232,188,213]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Dakotas; mesonotum matte dorsally and somewhat to notably shining laterally, rarely entirely matte; gaster somewhat shining beneath pubescence and shinier laterally, where pubescence is dilute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BEEFEE6FD0F68FE" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
Color mostly red with infuscation of posterior portions of tergites (sometimes entire tergites, especially Canadian provinces and the Dakotas), and with slightly darker legs; pilosity browner than prevailing body color; pubescence gray (never yellowish as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF95497CFEB0FD3F68FE" box="[597,731,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF95497CFEB0FD3F68FE" box="[597,731,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">P. breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB7FF8A4BEEFE55FD426F96" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BEEFE55FABB6B61" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954BEEFE55FEA868DB" bold="true" box="[199,332,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Forel erred when he characterized the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB7FF954828FE54FCD868DB" box="[769,828,405,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species as lacking pilosity. The five specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB7FF954BC9FE79FEF468A6" box="[224,272,440,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, though their pronota and gastral tergites appear hairless, bear the darkly pigmented impressions of macrosetal bases typical in this genus. These impressions come in an array and in numbers within the range of macrosetal counts of other specimens belonging to this species that are in full possession of their macrosetae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BEEFDE5FC476A63" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
This species, described from an undetermined mountain locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF9548F7FDE5FBD26B4B" box="[990,1078,548,573]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, now turns out to be the most widely distributed member of the species group, all called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954800FD86FC776B16" box="[809,915,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954800FD86FC776B16" box="[809,915,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Creighton (1950). During my early sorting of specimens (and for a long time thereafter), I tried to associate samples with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB7FF954F12FDACFB926BF3" box="[1083,1142,621,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954FB4FDADFA786BF3" box="[1181,1436,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">fusciventris, laeviceps,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954BE5FD4EFED26BDE" box="[204,310,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
, as well as a fluctuating number of “new species,” but as the study progressed, there was an accumulating residue of samples that seemed transitional, or in which some members of a colony sample appeared to be one “species” and others a different “species,” rendering them non-differentiable. The morphology of this widely distributed species does have some notable geographic trends:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BBEFC84FCA56D66" blockId="15.[151,1436,836,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
- Samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF954A58FC85FE2D6A2B" box="[369,457,836,861]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Arizona (typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF9549B5FC84FCF66A2A" box="[668,786,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF9549B5FC84FCF66A2A" box="[668,786,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF9548ACFC85FC4D6A2A" box="[901,937,836,860]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF9548CFFC85FBDE6A2B" box="[998,1082,836,861]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
west of the Rocky Mountains (
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954BF9FCA8FE016AF6" box="[208,485,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954BF9FCA8FEA26AF6" box="[208,326,873,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="mexicanus">mexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2350C39FFB7FF954A7AFCA8FE016AF6" box="[339,485,873,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, “
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF95492FFCA6FD8A6AF6" box="[518,622,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">laeviceps</emphasis>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF9549E0FCA6FCD76AF6" box="[713,819,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
”) most often have at least moderately shiny heads. Samples with
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954A4FFC4DFE2A6AD3" box="[358,462,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">subpolita</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF95492CFC4CFD606AD2" box="[517,644,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neogagates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF95492CFC4CFD606AD2" box="[517,644,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">neogagates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group hosts from southern and central coastal California, described as “
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954BFAFC6EFEDF6ABE" box="[211,315,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">laeviceps</emphasis>
|
||
” by Wheeler, average the smallest and have on the average, proportionally the smallest, roundest, shiniest heads. It may be noted here that these and all other samples associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954F5FFC14FAF46A9A" box="[1142,1296,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neogagates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954F5FFC14FAF46A9A" box="[1142,1296,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">F. neogagates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group hosts average smaller than the rest of the species’ populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BBEFBDCFBEC6C7B" blockId="15.[151,1436,836,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
- Samples from the Santa Cruz Mts. and Sierra Nevada of Central California, to British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF954F85FBDDFAF96D43" box="[1196,1309,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Idaho and western Alberta (“
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954A8CFBFEFDEB6D2E" box="[421,527,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
“) often have convex (“bulging”) mesonotal profiles. These samples match Wheeler’s (1915) “
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954AB7FBA5FDEC6D0B" box="[414,520,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
”, but curiously, just a year after describing this taxon, even Wheeler (1916) failed to recognize it when studying rather typical “
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF95482FFB46FC8B6DD6" box="[774,879,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
” near Lake Tahoe (vouchers examined). An unpublished study (U. C. Berkeley Ph.D. dissertation, Candice W. Torres, personal communication) shows the California populations are distinct genetically from those east of the Sierra Nevada, but I have been unable to find consistent biological or morphological characters to distinguish them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BBEFAD9FC316C0E" blockId="15.[151,1436,836,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">- Samples from north of southern Arizona and from eastern California and the Rocky Mountains eastward most often have less shiny heads. This is especially true of the populations of higher elevations in the Rockies, and those of the northern Great Plains and the Canadian prairie provinces.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BBEFA44FD436FEE" blockId="15.[151,1436,836,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
- Samples from the Dakotas and Canadian prairie provinces are often a bit smaller than average, and bicolored, with orangey foreparts and partially dingy brown gasters, superficially resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954F40FA68FB306CB6" box="[1129,1236,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954F40FA68FB306CB6" box="[1129,1236,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">P. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but always more pilose. Even in this region, many specimens (often nest mates of bicolored individuals) are robust with heads a little narrower than long and nearly all red, like those from farther south and southwest. The bicolored samples from North Dakota led the Wheelers (1963), without the benefit of measurements and pilosity patterns observed in this study, to conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF9549B2F9F6FD086F26" box="[667,748,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF9549B2F9F6FD086F26" box="[667,748,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was yet another synonym of the catch-all taxon
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954E02F9F6FEDC6F03" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954E02F9F6FA7C6F26" box="[1323,1432,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="breviceps">breviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2350C39FFB7FF954BEEF99CFEDC6F03" box="[199,312,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954A5BF99DFE276F03" box="[370,451,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954A5BF99DFE276F03" box="[370,451,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Dakotas can easily be recognized by pilosity and habitat characteristics (no to sparse pilosity, moist and forested habitat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF954BBEF964FADB6E3B" blockId="15.[151,1436,836,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
- Finally, samples from the New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF954905F965FD656FCB" box="[556,641,1700,1725]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Colorado Front Range and foothills (“
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954F45F965FB286FCB" box="[1132,1228,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">silvestrii</emphasis>
|
||
” Santschi[?], also called “
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954A09F906FE6E6F96" box="[288,394,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
” by Gregg 1963, but differing in their less convex mesonota from Wheeler’s West Coast form) trend a bit larger than samples from elsewhere in the west, and this trend continues eastward, such that those from KS, IA, SD,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB7FF954AF1F8D0FE116E5E" box="[472,501,1809,1832]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
, MO, AR, and western IN are conspicuously larger than western
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954FFEF8D0FAA96E5E" box="[1239,1357,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954FFEF8D0FAA96E5E" box="[1239,1357,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or any other
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954A2EF8F5FE9F6E3B" box="[263,379,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">breviceps-</emphasis>
|
||
complex species. These latter are associated with the large host species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954F8DF8F4FADB6E3B" box="[1188,1343,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954F8DF8F4FADE6E3B" box="[1188,1338,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">F. subsericea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB7FF8A4BEEF8BCFB8C6B6E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1916,2013]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
In the upper Mississippi drainage south of MN,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF9549C7F8BCFC656EE2" box="[750,897,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF9549C7F8BCFC656EE2" box="[750,897,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954FE5F8BCFAB06EE3" box="[1228,1364,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954FE5F8BCFAB06EE3" box="[1228,1364,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">P. breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size, silvery gray pubescence, and association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954834F860FC556ECF" box="[797,945,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954834F860FC556ECF" box="[797,945,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">F. subsericea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, contrasting with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954F53F860FAE46ECF" box="[1146,1280,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954F53F860FAE46ECF" box="[1146,1280,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">P. breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ smaller size, greater hairiness, yellowish pubescence and its association with
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB7FF954884F804FBD86EAA" box="[941,1084,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB7FF954884F804FBDC6EAA" box="[941,1080,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">F. montana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The greatest difficulties in recognizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4A0CFF58FE7F69C6" box="[293,411,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4A0CFF58FE7F69C6" box="[293,411,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
arise in the Dakotas, where it is sympatric with both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4F26FF58FB9A69C6" box="[1039,1150,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4F26FF58FB9A69C6" box="[1039,1150,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4F92FF58FAA769C6" box="[1211,1347,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4F92FF58FAA769C6" box="[1211,1347,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in southern Arizona and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4ABAFF7DFE0F69A3" box="[403,491,188,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it is parapatric (possibly very narrowly sympatric) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4F96FF7CFAC169A2" box="[1215,1317,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4F96FF7CFAC169A2" box="[1215,1317,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4EAEFF7CFEE9698E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4EAEFF7CFEE9698E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in parapatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A490EFF20FD6F698E" box="[551,651,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A490EFF20FD6F698E" box="[551,651,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two are separated by elevation and host species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4FF5FF1EFA78698E" box="[1244,1436,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4FF5FF1EFA78698E" box="[1244,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Polyergus topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has longer appendages and parasitizes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4977FEC4FD26686A" box="[606,706,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gnava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4977FEC4FD26686A" box="[606,706,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. gnava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other warm-climate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A48C4FEC4FBAA686A" box="[1005,1102,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A48C4FEC4FBAA686A" box="[1005,1102,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4E2FFEC4FA78686A" box="[1286,1436,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4E2FFEC4FA78686A" box="[1286,1436,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs at higher elevation, using montane conifer forest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4808FEE8FC656836" box="[801,897,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4808FEE8FC656836" box="[801,897,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts. Though distinct in Arizona and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4E6FFEE6FA7F6836" box="[1350,1435,295,320]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(character divergence), in the Midwest the proportions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4816FE8CFC316812" box="[831,981,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4816FE8CFC316812" box="[831,981,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
come very close to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4E1AFE8CFA786812" box="[1331,1436,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4E1AFE8CFA786812" box="[1331,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(character convergence), but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4AF7FEB0FD9468FE" box="[478,624,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4AF7FEB0FD9468FE" box="[478,624,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has on average shorter appendages throughout its range, pointing to the value of measuring several specimens from good samples.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A481CFE55FBFC68DB" box="[821,1048,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A481CFE55FBFC68DB" box="[821,1048,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
averages smaller and consistently more pilose, usually most easily seen by examining the vertex pilosity. Where there is broad distributional overlap of the latter two species in the Rockies and the upper Mississippi Valley, careful study of morphology and metrics of 5 or more individuals per colony will give greater assurance of proper identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA8FF8A4BEEFDE4FDCC6A63" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
In more open habitats (fields, prairie reconstructions) in eastern Missouri, I have often found colonies of
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4EAEFDE4FE4E6B16" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
P. mexicanus-F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4A1BFD86FE4E6B16" box="[306,426,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">subsericea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
interspersed with, and within raiding distance of colonies of
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4F7CFD88FAD16B16" box="[1109,1333,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
P. lucidus-F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4FCFFD88FAD16B16" box="[1254,1333,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">incerta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and it is perhaps more often found among
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A490FFDACFCBE6BF3" box="[550,858,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
F. rubicunda-F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A49CBFDADFCBE6BF3" box="[738,858,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">subsericea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4891FDACFB356BF3" box="[952,1233,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. subintegra-subsericea</emphasis>
|
||
colonies in open woodland habitats. I have directly observed and seen indirect evidence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A48E4FD50FB846BDE" box="[973,1120,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subintegra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A48E4FD50FB846BDE" box="[973,1120,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. subintegra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attacking and even bringing home pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4A6CFD74FE336BBA" box="[325,471,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4A6CFD74FE336BBA" box="[325,471,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as follows: One
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A49B5FD74FC296BBB" box="[668,973,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
F. subintegra-F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A487CFD75FC296BBB" box="[853,973,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">subsericea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
colony observed in Missouri contained a contingent of a few dozen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4AE1FD18FDBF6B86" box="[456,603,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4AE1FD18FDBF6B86" box="[456,603,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers that raided separately and later in the afternoon than the dulotic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4BBEFD3CFF1C6A62" box="[151,248,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4BBEFD3CFF1C6A62" box="[151,248,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose nest they inhabited.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA8FF8A4BEEFCE1FE876ABE" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
On two occasions in Missouri, I have observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A49C6FCE0FC816A4E" box="[751,869,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A49C6FCE0FC816A4E" box="[751,869,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
raid colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4F02FCE0FB2B6A4E" box="[1067,1231,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4F02FCE0FB2B6A4E" box="[1067,1231,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. pallidefulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species. In contrast to their typically non-lethal interactions with their normal hosts, many workers and the queen of these nonhost species were killed, and both killed adults and some live brood were carried home. The brood of these nonhost
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4BE4FC4CFECA6AD2" box="[205,302,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4BE4FC4CFECA6AD2" box="[205,302,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
never developed to adulthood in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A49E6FC4CFCA16AD2" box="[719,837,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A49E6FC4CFCA16AD2" box="[719,837,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nests. In effect, the usually strictly dulotic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4E02FC4DFA7F6AD3" box="[1323,1435,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4E02FC4DFA7F6AD3" box="[1323,1435,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Polyergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
became predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA8FF8A4BEEFC15FACB6C93" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4BEEFC15FE636A9B" bold="true" box="[199,391,980,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Forel (1899) described this species from specimens collected in “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4F57FC15FB3F6A9B" box="[1150,1243,980,1005]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. The specimens were collected by Brinkmann, who made other collections in the mountains of Durango that were passed on to Forel (P. S. Ward, pers. comm.), so it seems very likely the series was collected from a montane conifer forest there, similar to the podzolic soil conifer forests it inhabits in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4849FB81FC786D2E" box="[864,924,1088,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A sample collected by Creighton (at LACM) near el Salto, Durango,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4A89FBA5FE1C6D0B" box="[416,504,1124,1149]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has workers very similar to the MHNG
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFA8FF8A4897FBA4FC186D0B" box="[958,1020,1125,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, and with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4F46FBA4FB1B6D0B" box="[1135,1279,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4F46FBA4FB1B6D0B" box="[1135,1279,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. cf. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
host workers, as with southern Arizona samples. Southern samples are from relatively high altitude, with Chiricahua Mts. samples all from above
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA8FF8A4A8EFB6DFE1B6DB2" box="[423,511,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
, a Vergel, Chihuahua,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4829FB6CFCDA6DB2" box="[768,830,1197,1220]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">MEX</collectingCountry>
|
||
sample came from about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA8FF8A4F4FFB6DFB586DB2" box="[1126,1212,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
|
||
(in an open conifer forest), and one from Nevada at a surprising
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA8FF8A49A5FB11FD006D91" box="[652,740,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
|
||
. To the north, this protean species is found at lower elevations and in various, mesic, open woodland or grassland-woodland mosaic habitats, but not in moist, closed-canopy forest (though it may occur in natural gaps and in clear-cuts within these), and only occasionally in open prairie. This is characteristically a species of woodlands with little or no shrub layer, usually of oak, oak-pine, or pine in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4BBEFAA1FF5F6C0E" box="[151,187,1376,1400]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
Midwest, Ozark Hills and West Coast, and of airy conifer woodlands in the western mountains. It is also found in grassland-woodland ecotones, and prairie groves. Some
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A481FFA44FCB46CEA" box="[822,848,1413,1436]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
and WI samples came from sandy prairie openings among sandy-soil black oak savannas. It occasionally nests in windbreak plantings of trees, and in less tended areas of parks, cemeteries, gardens and tree-studded lawns, where these are not heavily treated with pesticides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA8FF8A4BEEFA2EFD426F96" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
Forel reported that the host was unknown, but the samples I have seen reveal that this species has a wide variety of hosts in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4ABCF9D4FE096F5A" box="[405,493,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4ABCF9D4FE096F5A" box="[405,493,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A490CF9D4FD406F5A" box="[549,676,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neogagates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A490CF9D4FD406F5A" box="[549,676,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">neogagates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups. In the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A48C4F9D5FBC16F5A" box="[1005,1061,1556,1580]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA8FF8A4FEDF9D5FAF86F5B" box="[1220,1308,1556,1581]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the host is usually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4BC6F9F8FE646F26" box="[239,384,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4BC6F9F8FE646F26" box="[239,384,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. cf. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a conifer woodland inhabitant that is larger and darker-colored than typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4FCBF9F8FAB46F26" box="[1250,1360,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4FCBF9F8FAB46F26" box="[1250,1360,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From elsewhere, I have studied samples with
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A49A7F99CFD6A6FEE" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A49A7F99CFCFD6F02" box="[654,793,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentea">F. argentea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4807F99CFC206F03" box="[814,964,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podzolica">F. podzolica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A48F1F99CFB9C6F03" box="[984,1144,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">F. subsericea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4FA4F99CFB1B6F02" box="[1165,1279,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">F. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(marcida &
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4BBEF9BEFED76FEE" box="[151,307,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaenescens">subaenescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4A6FF940FE536FEE" box="[326,439,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="accreta">F. accreta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4AEBF940FD6E6FEE" box="[450,650,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microphthalma">F. microphthalma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
true
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A49EEF940FE6A6FCA" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A49EEF940FCD36FEE" box="[711,823,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">F. occulta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A486BF940FC276FEE" box="[834,963,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoclara">F. neoclara</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A48E7F940FBA26FEE" box="[974,1094,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">F. pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4F78F940FAEC6FEE" box="[1105,1288,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neorufibarbis">F. neorufibarbis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4E3BF940FA996FEE" box="[1298,1405,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewitti">F. hewitti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4EAEF940FEFD6FCA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neogagates">F. neogagates</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4A0CF964FE6F6FCA" box="[293,395,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">F. manni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4AEFF964FDAA6FCB" box="[454,590,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vinculans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4AEFF964FDAA6FCB" box="[454,590,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. vinculans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moffett (2010) vividly describes and illustrates raids of this species (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4EAEF964FEE56F96" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4EAEF964FEE56F96" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">P. breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA8FF8A4A1DF908FE566F96" box="[308,434,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4A1DF908FE566F96" box="[308,434,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F. argentea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in eastern California.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA8FF8B4BEEF92DFDDE6ECF" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA8FF8A4BEEF92DFF036E5E" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA8FF8A4BEEF92DFDBB6E73" bold="true" box="[199,607,1772,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Distribution of studied specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
Types—MEXICO, presumably Durango (no further info); Chihuahua, El Vergel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA8FF8B4BEEF8F5FDDE6ECF" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
ARIZONA Apache Co. Hannagan Meadow
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA8FF8A49E9F8F5FCD16E3B" box="[704,821,1844,1869]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" precision="92" value="33.641666">33°38.5’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA8FF8A4817F8F5FC2C6E3B" box="[830,968,1844,1869]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" precision="92" value="-109.325">109°19.5’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
9080’ #3216
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA8FF8A4F58F8F5FAED6E3A" box="[1137,1289,1844,1868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" value="2003-08-21">21-VIII-2003</date>
|
||
RA Johnson (LACM); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Barfoot Tr.1995 45/95 & 47/95 Savolainen (JCTC); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts. Rustlers Park
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA8FF8A493FF8BDFD8E6EE3" box="[534,618,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="km" value="11.9">11.9km</quantity>
|
||
260°W Portal.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA8FF8A481CF8BDFC676EE3" box="[821,899,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.519" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="m" value="2519.0">2519m</quantity>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA8FF8A48BDF8BDFBFC6EE3" box="[916,1048,1916,1941]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" precision="9" value="31.9105">31°54.63’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA8FF8A4F01F8BDFB246EE3" box="[1064,1216,1916,1941]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" precision="9" value="-109.2705">109°16.23’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
pine-fir-woodland
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA8FF8A4BBEF861FECD6ECE" box="[151,297,1952,1976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" value="2007-08-08">08.VIII.2007</date>
|
||
#59 JCT (JCTC); ARIZONA Nevada Co. Indian Pine
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA8FF8A4894F861FBFE6ECE" box="[957,1050,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="m" value="2170.0">2170 m</quantity>
|
||
. under rock
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA8FF8A4F9BF861FAC96ECF" box="[1202,1325,1952,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" value="1964-08-28">VIII-28-64</date>
|
||
P Rauch (LACM); ARIZONA Pima Co. Mt. Lemmon Aug. 0 7 J Bono (JCTC); ARIZONA Pima Co. Mt. Lemmon Aug. 0 7 J. Bono (JCTC); CALIFORNIA El Dorado Co.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B49FDFF56FCC469C6" box="[724,800,151,176]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
|
||
E Georgetown
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B48F7FF56FBDB69C6" box="[990,1087,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="38.916668">38°55’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4F62FF59FB2469C6" box="[1099,1216,152,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-120.65">120°39’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4FE5FF59FAC169D9" box="[1228,1317,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="1120.0">1120 m</quantity>
|
||
#2166-S
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4BBEFF7DFECD69A2" box="[151,297,188,212]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1988-08-19">19.Aug.1988</date>
|
||
J. Longino (JTLC); CALIFORNIA El Dorado Co. El Dorado NF Desolation Wilderness
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4E12FF7DFA7F69A2" box="[1339,1435,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="38.816666">38°49’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4BBEFF21FEE8698E" box="[151,268,224,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-120.11667">120°07’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
6500’ 1800hr
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4AE1FF21FDB5698E" box="[456,593,224,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1999-07-10">10.VII.1999</date>
|
||
#AWO641 A Wild (JCTC); CALIFORNIA Nevada Co. Sagehen Creek
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4BBEFEC5FF01686A" box="[151,229,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="1920.0">1920m</quantity>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4BC7FEC5FEAB686B" box="[238,335,260,285]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="39.433334">39°26’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4A71FEC5FE29686A" box="[344,461,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-120.23333">120°14’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4AC9FEC5FD77686B" box="[480,659,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2000-07-13" valueMax="2000-07-15" valueMin="2000-07-13">13-15-VII-2000</date>
|
||
#1168 AL Wild (JCTC); CALIFORNIA Nevada Co. Sagehen Crk. CWT #s99, 100,103, 104, 105 CW Torres (JCTC); CALIFORNIA (Placer or Butte Co?) Big Bend 159/97 Savolainen (JCTC); COLORADO Boulder Co. Boulder Flagstaff Mt.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4F2FFE8DFB8E6812" box="[1030,1130,332,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1928-07-07">
|
||
VII-7-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFA9FF8B4F67FE8DFB8E6812" box="[1102,1130,332,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="generic">28</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
W.S.Creighton (LACM); COLORADO Elbert Co. Cedar Point 1998 Savolainen 90/98 (JCTC); COLORADO Teller Co. Florissant
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4E6AFEB1FA7868FE" box="[1347,1436,368,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1941-07-29">7-29-41</date>
|
||
Wm. Buren (LACM); COLORADO Weld Co. Pawnee Nat’l Grassland Short grass prairie.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4FB9FE55FACC68DA" box="[1168,1320,404,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1982-08-15">15 Aug. 1982</date>
|
||
JC Trager (5); IDAHO Twin Falls Co. Twin Falls
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4967FE79FD2468A6" box="[590,704,440,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1932-04-29">4/29/1932</date>
|
||
ACCole (LACM); IOWA Story Co. Ames
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4F83FE79FADB68A6" box="[1194,1343,440,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1939-08-01">Aug. 1, 1939</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4E60FE79FF366882" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1939-08-05">Aug. 5, 1939</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4BF6FE1DFE9E6882" box="[223,378,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1939-08-09">Aug. 9, 1939</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4AB8FE1DFDDD6882" box="[401,569,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1939-08-13">Aug. 13, 1939</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B496EFE1DFD0B6882" box="[583,751,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1939-08-14">Aug. 14, 1939</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B49D4FE1DFC936882" box="[765,887,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1940-08-12">VIII-12-40</date>
|
||
W Buren (LACM); INDIANA Tippecanoe Co. West Lafayette. July, 2008 pitfall trap C. Wang; IOWA Story Co. Ames
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B48D9FDC1FB4A6B6E" box="[1008,1198,512,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1939-08-01" valueMax="1939-08-14" valueMin="1939-08-01">Aug. 1-14, 1939</date>
|
||
W. Buren (LACM); IOWA Story Co. Ames
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A85FDE5FDE16B4A" box="[428,517,548,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1940-12-08">
|
||
8-12-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFA9FF8B4ACCFDE5FDE16B4A" box="[485,517,548,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="generic">40</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
W.Buren (LACM); KANSAS Jefferson Co. native prairie J Foster
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4E30FDE5FA886B4B" box="[1305,1388,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1927-07">27 July</date>
|
||
’94 (JCTC); MINNESOTA Crow Wing Co. Jenkins
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B49CFFD89FCDB6B16" box="[742,831,584,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1940-10-07">
|
||
7-10-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFA9FF8B4809FD89FCDB6B16" box="[800,831,584,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="generic">40</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
W.F. Buren (LACM); MINNESOTA Traverse Co. Wheaton
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A2DFDADFEB86BF2" box="[260,348,620,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1940-12-07">
|
||
7-12-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFA9FF8B4A14FDADFEB86BF2" box="[317,348,620,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="generic">40</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
W.F. Buren (LACM); MISSOURI Franklin Co. Meramec S.P. 416/95 1995 Savolainen (JCTC); MISSOURI Franklin Co. Shaw Nature Reserve Mound in pine plantation. (Numerous collections
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4FDDFD51FA8A6BDE" box="[1268,1390,656,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1989" valueMax="2011">1989-2011</date>
|
||
) JC Trager (JCTC);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA9FF8B4A64FD75FE3A6BBA" box="[333,478,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">MONTANA</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Ravalli Co. Darby Bitterroot N.F. Doug. Fir, ponderosa
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4F5FFD75FAF06BBB" box="[1142,1300,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1995-09-20">20 Sept. 1995</date>
|
||
Lubertazzi (JCTC); NEVADA Elko Co.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA9FF8B4ACAFD16FDF16B86" box="[483,533,727,752]" name="Poland" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Pole</collectingCountry>
|
||
Canyon E. Humbolt Mts.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4865FD16FC226B86" box="[844,966,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1938-07-31">July 38-31</date>
|
||
, 1934 WSCreighton (LACM); NEVADA Elko Co.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A26FD3DFE756A62" box="[271,401,764,788]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1977-08-19">19-Aug.-77</date>
|
||
G&J Wheeler (LACM); NEVADA Elko Co. Spruce Mt. Site Burn, Phase 1 40.51ŗN 114.79ŗW Ex. Pitfall trap
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4AEDFCE1FDB26A4E" box="[452,598,799,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2006-07-20">20 July 2006</date>
|
||
(JCTC); NEVADA Elko Co. South Ruby Site Control, Kphase 1 40.07ŗN 115.65ŗW Ex. Pitfall trap #14111
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4932FC85FD546A2B" box="[539,688,836,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2006-07-19">19 July 2006</date>
|
||
(JCTC); NEVADA Elko Co. South Ruby Site Control, Kphase 1 40.07ŗN 115.65ŗW Ex. Pitfall trap #14117
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B49A8FCA9FCF26AF6" box="[641,790,871,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2006-07-19">19 July 2006</date>
|
||
(JCTC); NEVADA Eureka Co. Seven Mile Site Control Phase 1 39.20ŗN 116.53ŗW ex. Pitfall trap
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B49B8FC4DFCC16AD3" box="[657,805,908,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2006-07-19">19 July 2006</date>
|
||
(JCTC); NEVADA Storey Co.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4FBEFC4DFB2A6AD3" box="[1175,1230,908,933]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="mi" value="8.0">8 mi</quantity>
|
||
. NE Virginia City Frog Quarry
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A05FC6EFE546ABE" box="[300,432,943,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1951-06-30">30-VI-1951</date>
|
||
J. LaRivers (LACM); NEVADA Washoe Co. Hwy. 27 Mt. Rose 8000’
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4FCCFC6EFAA96ABE" box="[1253,1357,943,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1970-06-15">15-VI-70</date>
|
||
#1086 G&J Wheeler (LACM); NEVADA Washoe Co. Little Valley
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B486CFC15FC536A9A" box="[837,951,980,1004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1972-07-30">30-VII-72</date>
|
||
#2499 G.&J. Wheeler (LACM); NEVADA Washoe Co. Mt. Rose
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4A81FC36FDE06D79" box="[424,516,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.682" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="2682.0">2682 m</quantity>
|
||
. elev. RRS77-
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4982FC39FCFC6D66" box="[683,792,1016,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1941-06-30">41 30.VI-</date>
|
||
77 RR Snelling, CG&JN Wheeler (LACM); NEVADA: White Pine Co. T15NR622 7500‘
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4933FBDDFD7B6D43" box="[538,671,1052,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1970-07-14">14-vii-1970</date>
|
||
#1315 G.&J. Wheeler (LACM); NEVADA: White Pine Co. 7000‘
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4BBEFBFEFF146D2E" box="[151,240,1087,1112]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1975-05-25">25-v-75</date>
|
||
G.&J. Wheeler (LACM); NEW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA9FF8B4973FB81FD2C6D2E" box="[602,712,1088,1112]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
Colfax Co. Cimarron, Cimarron Canyon Jul. 26,1952 #109 A.C. Cole (LACM); NEW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA9FF8B4AB4FBA5FDEF6D0A" box="[413,523,1124,1148]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
San Miguel Co. Beulah Sapello Canyon 8000’ Jul. 22,1952 H-50 AC Cole (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Bottineau Co. Pelican Lake. 1997 80/97 Savolainen (JCTC); NORTH DAKOTA Emmons Co. T136NR87W Sec. 28
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B490EFB6DFD6B6DB3" box="[551,655,1196,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1955-06-16">VI-16-55</date>
|
||
G. & N. Wheeler; NORTH DAKOTA Grand Forks Co. Inkster 1997 Savolainen 73/97 (JCTC); NORTH DAKOTA Pembina Co. Glasston
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B48FFFB11FB806D9E" box="[982,1124,1232,1256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1949-07-19">VII-19-1949</date>
|
||
#84 E.L.Krause (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Pembina Co. Neche
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B49A5FB35FCEE6C7A" box="[652,778,1268,1292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1949-07-02">VII-2-1949</date>
|
||
#12 &
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B485AFB35FC166C7A" box="[883,1010,1268,1292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1949-07-04">VII-4-1949</date>
|
||
#18 E.L.Krause (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Pembina Co. Walhalla
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4909FAD6FD406C46" box="[544,676,1303,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1949-07-22">vii-22-1949</date>
|
||
#7 E.L.Krause (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Rolette Co. Dunseith 87/1997 Savolainen (JCTC); SOUTH DAKOTA Pennington Co. Black Hills. Hill City Sep. 6,1935 Creighton (LACM); UTAH Cache Co. Logan.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B496AFA9EFD786C0E" box="[579,668,1375,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1916-08">16 Aug</date>
|
||
, 0 8. ESG Titus (LACM); UTAH Cache Co. Logan. 22.6.0 3. ESG Titus (LACM); UTAH Kane Co.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4923FA45FDDB6CEB" box="[522,575,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 mi</quantity>
|
||
. N. Bryce Nat’l Park 2000 G Snelling (JCTC); UTAH Salt Lake Co. Midvale
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4BBEFA66FF016CB6" box="[151,229,1447,1472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1952-09-09">9-9-52</date>
|
||
. G.F. Knowlton (LACM); UTAH Salt Lake Co. Salt Lake City 1932 GF Knowlton; UTAH Tooele Co.Uinta Mts. Bassets Spring
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4AABFA0DFDAF6C92" box="[386,587,1484,1509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1934-08-23" valueMax="1934-08-26" valueMin="1934-08-23">Aug. 23-26, 1934</date>
|
||
WS Creighton (LACM); UTAH Tooele Co. Uinta Mts. Deep Creek (now, =Ibapah)
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A2DFA31FE416F7E" box="[260,421,1520,1544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1934-08-27">Aug. 27, 1934</date>
|
||
WS Creighton (LACM); WASHINGTON Kittitas Co. Snoqualmie Pass E Slope
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4E12FA31FA786F7E" box="[1339,1436,1520,1544]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="47.366665">47°22’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4BBEF9D5FEE86F5A" box="[151,268,1556,1580]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-121.36667">121°22’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
2511’ Elev
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4ABCF9D5FDC66F5A" box="[405,546,1556,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2004-09-20">20/Sep/2004</date>
|
||
JL Smith & DB Moore (JTLC); WASHINGTON Skamania Co. Mt. St. Helens
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4BBEF9F9FF016F26" box="[151,229,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="1370.0">1370m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4BC6F9F9FE666F26" box="[239,386,1592,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1981-08-11">11/Aug/1981</date>
|
||
RSugg (JTLC); WASHINGTON Stevens Co.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B488AF9F6FC066F26" box="[931,994,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="km" value="21.0">21km</quantity>
|
||
N Colville
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4F5BF9F9FB556F26" box="[1138,1201,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="890.0">890m</quantity>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4F95F9F9FAF96F26" box="[1212,1309,1592,1616]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="48.733334">48°44’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4E01F9F6FA786F26" box="[1320,1436,1591,1616]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-117.88333">117°53’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
#5590
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4BCCF99DFE946F03" box="[229,368,1628,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2005-06-26">26/Jun/2005</date>
|
||
JLongino (JTLC); WASHINGTON Whatcom Co. White Rock Spring
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4FB5F99DFAE96F02" box="[1180,1293,1628,1652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1914-07-30">VII-14-30</date>
|
||
WM
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA9FF8B4E72F99CFA786F02" box="[1371,1436,1629,1652]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Mann</collectingCountry>
|
||
(LACM); WASHINGTON Whitman Co. Pullman
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B49FEF941FC886FEE" box="[727,876,1664,1688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1908-03-22">22-Mar-1908</date>
|
||
WM
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA9FF8B489BF940FC176FEE" box="[946,1011,1665,1688]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Mann</collectingCountry>
|
||
(LACM); WASHINGTON Whitman Co. Pullman WM
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA9FF8B4A45F964FE496FCA" box="[364,429,1701,1724]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Mann</collectingCountry>
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A95F964FDBC6FCA" box="[444,600,1700,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1909-05-19">May 19, 1909</date>
|
||
(LACM); WASHINGTON Yakima Co. Mt. Rainier Yakima Pass
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4E14F965FF576F96" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1934-08-23">VIII-23- 34</date>
|
||
A.J. Melander (LACM); WASHINGTON Yakima Co. Morse Creek & HWY 410
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4F41F906FB2C6F96" box="[1128,1224,1735,1760]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="46.9">46°54’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4FF8F906FAA26F96" box="[1233,1350,1735,1760]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-121.416664">121°25’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4E67F909FA786F96" box="[1358,1436,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
|
||
#3916
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4BCCF92DFE9D6E73" box="[229,377,1772,1797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1998-08-16">16/Aug/1998</date>
|
||
JLongino (JTLC); WASHINGTON Whitman Co. N end Rock Lake
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4FA4F92DFB0A6E72" box="[1165,1262,1772,1796]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="47.233334">47°14’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4FDFF92DFA8E6E73" box="[1270,1386,1772,1797]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-117.583336">117°35’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFA9FF8B4E5BF92DFF506E5E" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4E5BF92DFF546E5E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
#4106
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A23F8D1FE796E5E" box="[266,413,1808,1832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1999-08-10">10.Aug.1999</date>
|
||
JLongino (JTLC); WASHINGTON Yakima Co.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B48E2F8CEFBEF6E5E" box="[971,1035,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="km" value="15.0">15km</quantity>
|
||
NW Naches, Cleman Mt.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4E12F8CEFA786E5E" box="[1339,1436,1807,1832]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="46.816666">46°49’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4BBEF8F5FEE86E3B" box="[151,268,1844,1869]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-120.85">120°51’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4A3BF8F5FE856E3B" box="[274,353,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
#4566
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A9AF8F5FDAA6E3B" box="[435,590,1844,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2001-08-25">25/Aug./2001</date>
|
||
JLongino (JTLC); WASHINGTON Yakima Co.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4F59F8F5FB556E3B" box="[1136,1201,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="km" value="15.0">15km</quantity>
|
||
NW Naches Cleman Mt.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4BE1F896FECC6E06" box="[200,296,1879,1904]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="46.816666">46°49’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4A1BF896FE426E06" box="[306,422,1879,1904]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-120.85">120°51’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4A99F896FE1A6E06" box="[432,510,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
#4566
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4976F896FD1E6E06" box="[607,762,1879,1904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2001-08-25">25. Aug.2001</date>
|
||
JLongino (JTLC); WASHINGTON Yakima Co.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4E04F896FA666E06" box="[1325,1410,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="km" value="18.5">18.5km</quantity>
|
||
E Chinook Pass
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4A69F8BDFE456EE3" box="[320,417,1916,1941]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="46.883335">46°53’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4A85F8BDFDC56EE2" box="[428,545,1916,1940]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="925" value="-121.28333">121°17’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFA9FF8B4904F8BDFD9F6EE2" box="[557,635,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
|
||
#6004
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B49FEF8BDFCBB6EE2" box="[727,863,1916,1940]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="2007-06-11">11.Jun.2007</date>
|
||
JLongino (JTLC); WYOMING Teton Co. Teton Nat’l Park
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA9FF8B4A3BF860FE2D6ECF" box="[274,457,1952,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" value="1955-08-09" valueMax="1955-08-17" valueMin="1955-08-09">Aug. 9-17, 1955</date>
|
||
A.C.Cole
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA9FF884BEEF805FAF1686A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA9FF884BEEF805FAF1686A" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA9FF8B4BEEF805FEDB6EAA" box="[199,319,1988,2012]" name="Canada" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
ALBERTA Sturgeon Co. Red Water Natural Area.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B48ABF805FBCD6EAB" box="[898,1065,1988,2013]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="1" value="53.941017">53°56'27.66"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA9FF8B4F19F805FB0E6EAB" box="[1072,1258,1988,2013]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" precision="1" value="-112.95477">112°57'17.19"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Jack pine, sand hills.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAAFF884BFEFF59FE2769C6" box="[215,451,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" value="2010-07-24" valueMax="2010-08-03" valueMin="2010-07-24">24 July-3 Aug. 2010</date>
|
||
James Glasier;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF884952FF59FD1769C6" box="[635,755,152,176]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
BRITISH
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF88485BFF59FBE869C6" box="[882,1036,152,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">COLUMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Cortex Is. Channel Rock
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFAAFF884E12FF56FA7869C6" box="[1339,1436,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" precision="925" value="50.1">50°06’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFAAFF884BBEFF7DFEE869A3" box="[151,268,188,213]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" precision="925" value="-125.03333">125°02’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFAAFF884A3DFF7DFEA269A2" box="[276,326,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" unit="m" value="30.0">30m</quantity>
|
||
#5641
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAAFF884AB4FF7DFDB269A3" box="[413,598,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" value="2005-08-19" valueMax="2005-08-21" valueMin="2005-08-19">19-21/Aug/2005</date>
|
||
J Longino (JTLC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF884812FF7DFC5769A2" box="[827,947,188,212]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
MANITOBA Morden
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFAAFF884F92FF7DFB1269A3" box="[1211,1270,188,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
E,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFAAFF884E37FF7DFA8369A3" box="[1310,1383,188,213]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
|
||
S.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAAFF884EA7FF7DFEF4698E" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" value="1993-09-05">5 Sept. 1993</date>
|
||
WBP-F205 WB Preston (JCTC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF88498BFF21FCF4698E" box="[674,784,224,248]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
CHIHUAHUA Mpio. Belleza
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAAFF884F5CFF21FB33698E" box="[1141,1239,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" value="1914-04">14 Abril</date>
|
||
, 1981 Wm. & E. Mackay 4772 (JCTC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF884AB3FEC5FDEC686A" box="[410,520,260,284]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
DURANGO
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFAAFF88498BFEC5FD30686A" box="[674,724,260,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFAAFF88498BFEC5FD34686A" box="[674,720,260,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
W of El Salto
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAAFF884852FEC5FC10686B" box="[891,1012,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" value="1953-03-20">20-Mar-53</date>
|
||
WS Creighton (LACM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |