300 lines
32 KiB
XML
300 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="CAD453CBD46B2E18124E393832AD0547" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.2" ID-CLB-Dataset="38747" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7a9e18c-749b-4ad9-bd50-d4ca0cab4b7b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271772" ID-ZooBank="6D9709A8-90C2-4739-8BDC-A4EFFA7E4F12" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1466662589824" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Watters, G. Thomas" docDate="2016" docId="454B8E3FFF9FD408FF42FACDFD07F862" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4127.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4127 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parachondria stigmosus Watters, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="B972F647FF85D414FFD5FFDAFFE7FF81" masterDocTitle="Review of the Hispaniolan Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex (Gastropoda: Littorinoidea: Annulariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="275" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1698663109213" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B6A53106C1D331E5F9D0F905E85CBB7C">
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<mods:title id="4A5F34F238F08F374F79B597B84AA84D">Review of the Hispaniolan Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex (Gastropoda: Littorinoidea: Annulariidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4F36DBCBCB31A18742325440ECD6FEEF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9181B7D9D857CCDAA4368F7C65F25801">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="877B31BE9A33D4E5F56C920FE586CDB5">Watters, G. Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FD354A3488F145A9B905ED0E3757471B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BAE8BD6D1F28E77788AB94B46367D942">
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<mods:title id="7A4BCCF063AD7B2D234CF1ACC11B263F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="034A45D096539BC1F4CDF561C585BD65">
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<mods:date id="F2CF0DEC9D2140CE884222C25F0A3BEC">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B296783CB3F47F23BBDBE6072353555A">4127</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="00FD581A17B27119D69B6B69CD546E43" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="CA4D46C3816629C2DD906B04C223052B">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E1A08903DC027D3127CF8D83A5EC97B6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B5F9FC3DB10B510FCDA551EC85340A6D" type="CLB-Dataset">38747</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="886CC90D6FE8121C3E05E868B350499E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6845EDD7D6325792ECFBC23B544C3D39" type="GBIF-Dataset">e7a9e18c-749b-4ad9-bd50-d4ca0cab4b7b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6A9587335382AE8D74C99B50B1C7CC5A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D92C80B4F2FE551EBE9B4888FF53E30" type="Zenodo-Dep">271772</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="27BE5AB5B11CE612898828AE40AEA2B7" type="ZooBank">6D9709A8-90C2-4739-8BDC-A4EFFA7E4F12</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="454B8E3FFF9FD408FF42FACDFD07F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6077600" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121061739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6077600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:454B8E3FFF9FD408FF42FACDFD07F862" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/454B8E3FFF9FD408FF42FACDFD07F862" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF9FD40EFF42FACDFE45FAD2" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9FD40EFF42FACDFDB4FAB3" blockId="26.[151,595,1303,1363]" box="[151,595,1303,1330]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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<heading id="96158845FF9FD40EFF42FACDFDB4FAB3" bold="true" box="[151,595,1303,1330]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9FD40EFF42FACDFDB4FAB3" bold="true" box="[151,595,1303,1330]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9FD40EFF42FACDFE5AFAB0" box="[151,445,1303,1329]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stigmosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9FD40EFF42FACDFE5AFAB0" bold="true" box="[151,445,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Parachondria stigmosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E4A55E40FF9FD40EFE11FAC2FDB4FAB3" box="[452,595,1304,1330]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9FD40EFF42FAE0FE45FAD2" blockId="26.[151,595,1303,1363]" box="[151,418,1338,1363]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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||
<figureCitation id="55D923ACFF9FD40EFF42FAE0FEE7FAD2" box="[151,256,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – H" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[302,1288,193,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[302,1289,193,1549]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – H. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) olssoni (Pilsbry, 1933). A, B. ANSP 160978 a, holotype, 14.5 mm. C, D. UF 119142, 14.4 mm. E. UF 158947, 14.7 mm. F. GTW 6834 a, 15.5 mm. G. GTW 6834 a, detail of spire. H. GTW 6834 a, detail of suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271776/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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AG–AM, 6 A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF9FD40EFF42FA58FB04FA62" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9FD40EFF42FA58FC29FA3F" blockId="26.[151,1437,1410,2011]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9FD40EFF42FA58FEA1FA1A" bold="true" box="[151,326,1410,1435]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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<typeStatus id="1259818BFF9FD40EFF42FA58FF35FA1A" box="[151,210,1410,1435]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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UF 216426,
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<typeStatus id="1259818BFF9FD40EFE0AFA58FDA3FA1A" box="[479,580,1410,1435]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
, 15.0 mm; UF 216426,
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||
<typeStatus id="1259818BFF9FD40EFC82FA59FC50FA1A" box="[855,951,1411,1435]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
1,
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFC0BFA58FBA0FA1B" box="[990,1095,1410,1435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="15.3">15.3 mm</quantity>
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; UF 216426,
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<typeStatus id="1259818BFF9FD40EFB31FA59FAA3FA1A" box="[1252,1348,1411,1435]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
2,
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFABEFA58FF21FA3F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.6 mm</quantity>
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||
; UF 216 426,
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||
<typeStatus id="1259818BFF9FD40EFE8BFA7DFE58FA3E" box="[350,447,1447,1471]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
3,
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFE34FA7CFDA0FA3F" box="[481,583,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
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||
; UF 216426,
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||
<typeStatus id="1259818BFF9FD40EFD35FA7DFCA7FA3E" box="[736,832,1447,1471]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
4,
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFCB6FA7DFC2DFA3F" box="[867,970,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="13.9">13.9 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9FD40EFF12FA10FB04FA62" blockId="26.[151,1437,1410,2011]" box="[199,1251,1482,1507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9FD40EFF12FA10FE82FA62" bold="true" box="[199,357,1482,1507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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||
<typeStatus id="1259818BFF9FD40EFF12FA10FEE5FA62" box="[199,258,1482,1507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFEB9FA10FE54FA63" box="[364,435,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
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elevation,
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFDFBFA11FD80FA62" box="[558,615,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
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||
NNE of Polo, Barahona Province,
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||
<collectingCountry id="B5F57FB9FF9FD40EFC27FA10FB38FA62" box="[1010,1247,1482,1507]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF9FD40EFF12FA34FC2CF9F2" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9FD40EFF12FA34FC2CF9F2" blockId="26.[151,1437,1410,2011]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
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||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9FD40EFF12FA34FE14F986" bold="true" box="[199,499,1518,1543]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
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||
Karst terrain in mountains surrounding Bahía de Neiba: the isolated Sierra Martín García of the Sierra Neiba on the northeastern side of the bay and the Sierra de Baoruco on the southwestern side. Under rocks, rubble, and in ravines, in dense mesic forest to at least
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFC58F9EDFC06F9CF" box="[909,993,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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elevation. Part of its range is within the Parque Nacional Sierra Martín García; other parts are now coffee groves.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF9FD40EFF12F9A4FD49F8EE" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9FD40EFF12F9A4FD49F8EE" blockId="26.[151,1437,1410,2011]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9FD40EFF12F9A4FC9DF916" bold="true" box="[199,890,1662,1687]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
|
||
Material examined (
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||
<specimenCount id="DBE4F4A0FF9FD40EFE6AF9A4FD84F916" box="[447,611,1662,1687]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="generic">83 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
).
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||
<collectingCountry id="B5F57FB9FF9FD40EFDAEF9A4FC92F916" box="[635,885,1662,1687]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
UF 216425(14),
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFB93F9A4FB74F917" box="[1094,1171,1662,1687]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="560.0">560 m</quantity>
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, W slope of Loma del Aguacate, Sierra Martín García, Barahona Province; UF 216424(13),
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFC6BF979FBFFF93B" box="[958,1048,1699,1723]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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||
, W slope of Loma del Aguacate, Sierra Martín García, Barahona Province; UF 216473(1),
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFCE5F91DFC9CF95F" box="[816,891,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
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||
, W slope of Loma del Aguacate, Sierra Martín García, Barahona Province; UF 216427(20),
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFD7AF930FD19F883" box="[687,766,1770,1795]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
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||
, W slope of Loma del Aguacate, Sierra Martín García, Barahona Province; UF 155901(1),
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFDFEF8D5FD89F8A6" box="[555,622,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFDAFF8D4FD54F8A6" box="[634,691,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
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||
S of Barahona, Barahona Province; UF 216423(7),
|
||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFB2AF8D5FAB1F8A7" box="[1279,1366,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFAB6F8D5FA7BF8A6" box="[1379,1436,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
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||
NNE of Polo, Barahona Province; UF 216426(15),
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFD06F8E8FCFBF8CB" box="[723,796,1842,1867]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFCF2F8E9FC87F8CA" box="[807,864,1842,1867]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
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||
NNE of Polo, Barahona Province; UF 216627(12),
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<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFF42F88DFF07F8EF" box="[151,224,1879,1903]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="910.0">910 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFF39F88DFED5F8EE" box="[236,306,1878,1903]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
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||
S of Cabral, Barahona Peninsula.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF9FD408FF12F8A0FA9FF9BB" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9FD40EFF12F8A0FA7AF85A" blockId="26.[151,1437,1410,2011]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9FD40EFF12F8A0FEBEF812" bold="true" box="[199,345,1914,1939]" pageId="26" pageNumber="271">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell solid, opaque, conic. Maximum size:
|
||
<quantity id="0A1A92CCFF9FD40EFC8DF8A0FC26F813" box="[856,961,1914,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="26" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="15.3">15.3 mm</quantity>
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||
, non-decollate. Minimum size: 11.0 mm, non-decollate. Adult shell usually not decollated, protoconch of 1.5 minute, smooth whorls, white with dark brown suture at apex, demarcation between protoconch and teleoconch not well-defined. Teleoconch of 5–5.5 whorls.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9ED40FFF42FF4DFB6EFDBC" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">Axial sculpture of final whorl of numerous (120–130) very fine, flattened threads separated by spaces equal to or less than width of threads. Shell with regularly spaced growth stoppage marks, axial threads preceding marks microscopic and densely packed. Spiral sculpture of final whorl outside of umbilicus of 30–40 fine threads, the same width as axial threads. Intersections of axial and spiral sculpture form minutely fenestrated surface. Umbilicus with ca. 3–4 weak spiral cords, inside smooth. Suture narrow, deep. Tufts composed of 1–4 enlarged, irregularly spaced, almost blade-like axial threads. Aperture oval, lip single. Inner lip absent. Outer lip very narrowly expanded, slightly narrower facing umbilicus, solute with or just touching previous whorl. Posterior edge with wide angle but lacking auricle. Color pattern complex and variable. Base color white or tan. Between suture and umbilicus are 4–5 spiral rows of small brown spots aligned axially on white background along growth marks, anterior-most series forming almost continuous band. Two additional broken bands bound umbilicus. All of these bands are rarely smudged into larger spots. Both sides of outer lip with dark brown markings. Interior of peristome tan or pale yellowish. Tufts white. Operculum corneous, paucispiral, lacking calcification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF9ED40FFF42F8A9FDACF864" blockId="27.[151,1436,1905,2022]" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">
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<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFF42F8A9FEF3F808" bold="true" box="[151,276,1907,1929]" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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A–B. Distribution maps. All maps Google TM Earth Pro. Image Landsat. © 2016 Google. Data: SIO, NOAA,
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<collectingCountry id="B5F57FB9FF9ED40FFAAEF8A9FA7BF808" box="[1403,1436,1907,1929]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">US</collectingCountry>
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Navy,
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<collectingCountry id="B5F57FB9FF9ED40FFF0CF848FEF5F829" box="[217,274,1938,1960]" name="Russia" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">NGA</collectingCountry>
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||
, GEBCO. A.
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<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFE4AF849FDCBF829" box="[415,556,1938,1960]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="anatolensis">
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<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFE4AF849FDCBF829" box="[415,556,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. anatolensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(orange);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFD40F849FCF4F829" box="[661,787,1939,1960]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arcisensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFD40F849FCF4F829" box="[661,787,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. arcisensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(purple);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFCACF849FC39F829" box="[889,990,1939,1960]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Chondropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caricae">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFCACF849FC39F829" box="[889,990,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. caricae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFB9DF849FB44F829" box="[1096,1187,1939,1960]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFB9DF849FB44F829" box="[1096,1187,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. coroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFB3DF849FAA1F829" box="[1256,1350,1939,1960]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gnotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFB3DF849FAA1F829" box="[1256,1350,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. gnotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green);
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFF42F868FF11F846" box="[151,246,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. m uc h ai</emphasis>
|
||
(blue);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFE9CF868FE21F846" box="[329,454,1970,1991]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="petitianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFE9CF868FE21F846" box="[329,454,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. petitianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(white). B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFDE8F868FD55F846" box="[573,690,1969,1991]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="daedalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFDE8F868FD55F846" box="[573,690,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. daedalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(white);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFCD8F868FC7BF846" box="[781,924,1969,1991]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Chondropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispaniolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFCD8F868FC7BF846" box="[781,924,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. hispaniolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFC2DF868FB99F846" box="[1016,1150,1969,1991]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFC2DF868FB99F846" box="[1016,1150,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. isabellinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFB17F868FADCF846" box="[1218,1339,1969,1991]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="silvaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFB17F868FADCF846" box="[1218,1339,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. silvaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFA5CF868FEC5F864" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFA5CF868FEC5F864" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. trachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF9ED40FFE5EF80BFE0BF864" box="[395,492,1999,2022]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olssoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF9ED40FFE5EF80BFE0BF864" box="[395,492,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="272">P. olssoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(purple).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF99D408FF42FA3DFA9FF9BB" blockId="28.[151,1436,1508,1595]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FF42FA3DFEF3FA7D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1511,1533]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
A–B. Distribution maps. All maps Google TM Earth Pro. Image Landsat. © 2016 Google. Data: SIO, NOAA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B5F57FB9FF99D408FAAEFA3DFA7BFA7C" box="[1403,1436,1511,1533]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
Navy,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B5F57FB9FF99D408FF0FF9DCFEF4F99D" box="[218,275,1542,1564]" name="Russia" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">NGA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, GEBCO. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FE74F9DDFDCEF99D" box="[417,553,1542,1564]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dessalinesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FE74F9DDFDCEF99D" box="[417,553,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. dessalinesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FD5DF9DDFCD9F99D" box="[648,830,1542,1564]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heatheraikenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FD5DF9DDFCD9F99D" box="[648,830,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. heatheraikenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FC45F9DDFBD3F99D" box="[912,1076,1542,1564]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FC45F9DDFBD3F99D" box="[912,1076,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. trachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FB75F9DDFADFF99D" box="[1184,1336,1542,1564]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="samanicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FB75F9DDFADFF99D" box="[1184,1336,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. samanicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FF42F9FCFF1AF9BB" box="[151,253,1572,1595]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Chondropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FF42F9FCFF1AF9BB" box="[151,253,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(purple);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FEB7F9FCFE3DF9BB" box="[354,474,1572,1595]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salleanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FEB7F9FCFE3DF9BB" box="[354,474,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. salleanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(white);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FDE2F9FCFD53F9BA" box="[567,692,1574,1595]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FDE2F9FCFD53F9BA" box="[567,692,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red). B. Approximate locations of Bartsch’s (1946) locality records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF99D408FF12F9B8FE84F8F6" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF99D408FF12F9B8FBC6F942" blockId="28.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FF12F9B8FE05F9FA" bold="true" box="[199,482,1634,1659]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">Variation in specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
This species greatly varies in the degree of coloration, from pale, sparsely spotted specimens (common) to those in which the spots coalesce into much larger blotches (rare). Nevertheless, overall the shells are consistently low-spired and solid with well-developed sutural tufts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF99D408FF12F914FE84F8F6" blockId="28.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FF12F914FDA7F966" bold="true" box="[199,576,1742,1767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FD9DF914FCD8F966" box="[584,831,1742,1767]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="muchai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FD9DF914FCD8F966" box="[584,831,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">Parachondria muchai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles this species although the two occur on different mountain ranges.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FDF9F928FCC6F88A" box="[556,801,1778,1803]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="muchai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FDF9F928FCC6F88A" box="[556,801,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">Parachondria muchai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has fewer spiral threads on the final whorl outside of the umbilicus (20–25) than does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FE30F8CDFD96F8AF" box="[485,625,1815,1838]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FE30F8CDFD96F8AF" box="[485,625,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(30–40). The tufts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FCA6F8CDFC05F8AE" box="[883,994,1814,1839]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="muchai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FCA6F8CDFC05F8AE" box="[883,994,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. muchai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more regularly distributed and are usually composed of a single node (rarely 2); the tufts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FCCFF8E1FC43F8D3" box="[794,932,1851,1874]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FCCFF8E1FC43F8D3" box="[794,932,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are irregularly placed and usually composed of 1–4 fused tufts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF99D408FF12F858FBE4F83E" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF99D408FF12F858FBE4F83E" blockId="28.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FF12F858FEDCF81A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1922,1947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The single-lipped taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FD9EF859FD30F81B" box="[587,727,1923,1946]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FD9EF859FD30F81B" box="[587,727,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. stigmosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FD32F859FC89F81A" box="[743,878,1922,1947]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salleanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FD32F859FC89F81A" box="[743,878,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. salleanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FC65F859FBC7F81A" box="[944,1056,1922,1947]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="muchai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FC65F859FBC7F81A" box="[944,1056,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">P. muchai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar and may form a distinct genus-level taxon apart from the remainder of the group covered here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="85F86CA2FF99D408FF12F810FD07F862" box="[199,736,1994,2019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD5D3F29FF99D408FF12F810FD07F862" blockId="28.[151,1436,1634,2019]" box="[199,736,1994,2019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FF12F810FEA9F862" bold="true" box="[199,334,1994,2019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
L.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AE244AAFF99D408FEB9F811FE3DF863" box="[364,474,1995,2018]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Parachondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stigmosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF96E33BFF99D408FEB9F811FE3DF863" box="[364,474,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="273">stigmosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spotted, full of marks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |