146 lines
13 KiB
XML
146 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.63814" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f368f1ff-7d8b-413a-a6ee-18377479700a" ID-PMC="PMC8116319" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1036-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C84501F710F75030AD2C010EE307414D" ID-PubMed="34017215" ID-ZooBank="B6A437B0E1B54E67B52653084C5185FE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1036-75" checkinTime="1620302214052" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xiang, Lanbin, Chen, Kai & Zhang, Dandan" docDate="2021" docId="B41A37D071635A10A5ACA98792CB6B2E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1036: 75-98" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1036" docPubDate="2021-05-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.63814" docTitle="Loxoneptera Hampson 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C84501F710F75030AD2C010EE307414D" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="C84501F710F75030AD2C010EE307414D" masterDocTitle="Revision and phylogeny of the genus Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae), based on morphology and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1668152624576" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision and phylogeny of the genus Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae), based on morphology and molecular data</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xiang, Lanbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Kai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Dandan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zhdd61@163.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-05-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1036</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:end>98</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.63814</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.63814</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1036-75</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B6A437B0E1B54E67B52653084C5185FE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C84501F710F75030AD2C010EE307414D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181874706" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B41A37D071635A10A5ACA98792CB6B2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B41A37D071635A10A5ACA98792CB6B2E" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B41A37D0-7163-5A10-A5AC-A98792CB6B2E" authority="Hampson, 1896" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxoneptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxoneptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxoneptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxoneptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loxoneptera</taxonomicName>
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Hampson, 1896: 405. Type species:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiang & Chen & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxoneptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxoneptera carnealis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnealis">Loxoneptera carnealis</taxonomicName>
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Hampson, 1896, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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In external appearance, the species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxoneptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxoneptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Loxoneptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Munroe & Mutuura" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eumorphobotys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumorphobotys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Eumorphobotys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 in the long and porrect labial palpus, the usually concolorous wings with no obvious pattern and the straight termen of forewing, but can be best distinguished by the triangular uncus, the rod-shaped dorsal projection of transtilla bearing long and thick hair at the apex, and the hook-shaped ventral sella in the male genitalia. In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxoneptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxoneptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Loxoneptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is shorter and stouter than that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Munroe & Mutuura" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eumorphobotys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumorphobotys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Eumorphobotys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. These two genera are also different in the shape of the signum, if present a nearly rhomboid signum with connected carina, or reduced into a keel-like carina in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxoneptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxoneptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Loxoneptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and a narrowly rhomboid signum with carina interrupted in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Munroe & Mutuura" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eumorphobotys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumorphobotys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Eumorphobotys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Eighth sternite in males of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxoneptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxoneptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Loxoneptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is slightly sclerotised, with two slender and sclerotised anterolateral processes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Frons oblique, slightly protruding. Vertex with moderately raised scales projecting between antennae. Labial palpus ~ 2-2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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eye diameter; second segment obliquely upward, third segment long and porrect. Maxillary palpus small.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Thorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Legs unmodified usually, outer spur 1/3 to 1/2 the length of inner spur, sometimes outer spur minute.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Wings</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Forewing elongated triangular, termen obliquely straight to slightly curved; discal cell ~ 1/2 length of wing, R1 from ~ 3/4 of anterior margin of cell, R3 and R4 stalked to more than half of R4, R5 free from anterior angle of cell, parallel to stalked R3+R4 at base, then diverging, discocellular veins concavely curved, M1 close to R5 at base, free from discocellular veins and close to anterior angle of cell, M2, M3 and CuA1 from posterior angle of cell, CuA2 from 4/5 of the posterior margin of cell, 1A faintly sinuate to tornus; 2A forming complete loop and distally recurved before joining 1A; usually only with orbicular and reniform stigmata, sometimes no pattern. Hindwing fan-shaped, termen rounded; discal cell less than half length of wing, Sc+R1 and Rs anastomosed to half of Rs, discocellulars concave, M2, M3 and CuA1 from posterior angle of discal cell, CuA2 from 4/5 of the posterior margin of cell; without obviously spot.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Abdomen</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Eighth sternite in male with two slender and sclerotised anterolateral processes, pointed or slightly stout (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–19" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 14 - 19. 14 The sternite VIII in male of L. albicostalis 15 - 19 Male genitalia of Loxoneptera spp. 15 L. hampsoni nom. nov., Hainan (genitalia slide no. SYSU 0929) 16 L. albicostalis, Yunnan (genitalia slide no. ZDD 12108) 17 L. crassiuncata sp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL 0010) 18 L. carnealis, Guizhou (genitalia slide no. SYSU 0165) 19 L. triangularis sp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL 0004). Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.63814.figures14-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/539493" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">14</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
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Uncus triangular, glabrous or with few hair-like setae. Tegumen trapezoid. Saccus nearly triangular. Transtilla with developed ventral process, extending a rod-shaped projection dorsad, usually long, curved, and slender, and terminal part with many long hairs. Valva tongue-shaped; dorsal sella membranous, ventral sella usually with a hook-shaped, strongly sclerotised process, dorso-distal sella presented as a sclerite and usually extended as a long, hook-shaped, sclerotised process; editum absent or not obvious; sacculus broad. Juxta with basal part rivet-shaped, remainder usually with two long and slender bifid arms. Phallus tubular, vesica with spine-shaped cornuti and sometimes deciduous cornuti.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
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Ovipositor lobes flat, densely setose. Anterior apophyses longer than posterior apophyses. Antrum sclerotised, cup-shaped or bowl-shaped; colliculum well developed and sclerotised; ductus seminalis entering near anterior end of colliculum; ductus bursae short and stout, almost as long as length of corpus bursae; corpus bursae oval, appendix bursae oval or absent, signum nearly rhomboid, with a carina not interrupted in middle, sometimes signum reduced into a carina, sometimes absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |