260 lines
31 KiB
XML
260 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="FBF5FA7A1E790D9AC322F116FAC29281">
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<mods:title id="1496F1A7727600A2A781B6BED10EFD07">A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0376D40477465B5BE2F748199CA9CE2">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D09B0EE5D29386C015F794CAB1D7BD7">Ranjan, Rahul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="11621795F3BD62539547B72C9A757FC3" type="email">rranjan720@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="925D54229B343D284332CAD616E03371">Talukdar, Avishek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8CE324934742B3389EEB21B12343200">Joshi, Rahul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D7A4F177E38D8FD769E30F58B086389" type="email">joshiarctiidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0215F0ED97CDA18D31D751287FC7080F">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDEECAFED2BC900D54B31FCD65469ABE">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C3DE615C9AD23543FCC498F5138CF04" type="email">kailash611@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A2A573788FF8B21420DBE22589A64D8C">Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D64086F67F6FF58D4F50354022BAD327" type="email">spilomallynae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9F88F5C0E9F0D4608ADF17B911EB71F2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2C87C8ED0677F4BBF5C483E042A1B55B">
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<mods:date id="3C787FF81E0C3721346220BF3EEDF173">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="26F11316AEFABDC39AFD0ECCD0609C5D">2022-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FF7FB75B54682A04A65EA1C8FA93A8FA">5197</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BBDAE709D6927ED68CE3A470082BEF1D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="42B260F0C3E9F11529D8A6FEF2342EC2">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="B1304989A6D02743283C380FD0D9AB57">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C6137B2131822C31D5E6C73CB7EB7EB7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7A4D4DA59BF5665CD7314725F2EE47F2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="82C7977821A43CF4E7A722FAAA110EEA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A288BF15616222C054E6886A12F9C645" type="Zenodo-Dep">7252292</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFC28030FF7851F4FEB95AAB" box="[151,323,1454,1480]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC28030FF7851F4FEB95AAB" blockId="25.[151,323,1454,1480]" box="[151,323,1454,1480]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0967F65FFC28030FF7851F4FEB95AAB" bold="true" box="[151,323,1454,1480]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FF7851F4FEB95AAB" bold="true" box="[151,323,1454,1480]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FF5A51F4FEB95AAB" ID-CoL="8MQ" ID-ENA="268499" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[181,323,1454,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFC28033FF7851ACFD4A5E22" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC28030FF7851ACFBBC58A3" blockId="25.[151,1437,1526,1984]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FF2651ACFEBE5973" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[201,324,1526,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
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are the larger of the two families in
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FD3951ACFCAB5973" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[726,849,1526,1552]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Pyraloidea">Pyraloidea</taxonomicName>
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, with 10,418 described species in 1,018 genera globally (Nuss
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FEFD5241FEB15957" box="[274,331,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FE645240FE635957" bold="true" box="[395,409,1562,1588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">–</emphasis>
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||
2022,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FE0F5240FD5C5957" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[480,678,1562,1588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Léger
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FDC65241FD985957" box="[553,610,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). According to the latest phylogenetic study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FB4A5240FA965957" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[1189,1388,1562,1588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Léger
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FB1F5241FAD35957" box="[1264,1321,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
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2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
), 15 subfamilies are recognized:
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FE395264FD8A593B" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[470,624,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FD925264FD01593B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[637,763,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crambinae">Crambinae</taxonomicName>
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, Erupinae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FC925264FBF5593B" authorityName="W. T. M. Forbes" authorityYear="1923" box="[893,1039,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glaphyriinae">Glaphyriinae</taxonomicName>
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(including the former
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FAFB5264FA62593B" authorityName="Minet" authorityYear="1981" box="[1300,1432,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cathariinae">Cathariinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FF785238FECD591F" authorityName="Marion" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,311,1634,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cybalomiinae">Cybalomiinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FEA65238FE23591F" authorityName="Marion" authorityYear="1952" box="[329,473,1634,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Evergestinae">Evergestinae</taxonomicName>
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and Noordinae),
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FD5F5238FCB0591F" authorityName="Amsel" authorityYear="1961" box="[688,842,1634,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliothelinae">Heliothelinae</taxonomicName>
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, Hoploscopinae, Lathrotelinae, Linostinae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FAA25238FF3B59C2" authorityName="Munroe" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Midilinae">Midilinae</taxonomicName>
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, Musotiminae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FE9D52DCFE0B59C3" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[370,497,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontiinae">Odontiinae</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FE1152DCFD7E59C3" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[510,644,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyraustinae">Pyraustinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FD7E52DCFCC359C3" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1846" box="[657,825,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Schoenobiinae">Schoenobiinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FCA952DCFC3759C3" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[838,973,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FBE352DCFB5A59C3" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[1036,1184,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Spilomelinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spilomelinae</taxonomicName>
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(including the former Wurthiinae). Of these, Erupinae, Hoploscopinae, Linostinae and
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FC8252F0FC2059A7" authorityName="Munroe" authorityYear="1958" box="[877,986,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Midilinae">Midilinae</taxonomicName>
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are not found among the pyraloid fauna of
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFC28030FF5A5294FF08598B" box="[181,242,1742,1768]" name="India" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">India</collectingCountry>
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||
. Phylogenetic relationships within
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FD965294FD0E598B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[633,756,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
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are fairly well understood:
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FBC75294FB46598B" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[1064,1212,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Spilomelinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spilomelinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FB1E5294FA8E598B" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[1265,1396,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyraustinae">Pyraustinae</taxonomicName>
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are sister groups and are sister to the remainder of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FD4E52A8FCE6586F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[673,796,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FCC652A8FC0C586F" author="Regier, J. C. & Mitter, C. & Solis, M. A. & Hayden, J. E. & Landry, B. & Nuss, M. & Simonsen, T. J. & Yen, S. H. & Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P." box="[809,1014,1778,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="635 - 656" refId="ref302688" refString="Regier, J. C., Mitter, C., Solis, M. A., Hayden, J. E., Landry, B., Nuss, M., Simonsen, T. J., Yen, S. H., Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P. (2012) A molecular phylogeny for the pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) and its implications for higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology, 37, 635 - 656. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00641. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Regier
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FC9252A9FC4F586F" box="[893,949,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FBEF52A8FB39586F" author="Mally, R. & Hayden, J. E. & Neinhuis, C. & Jordal, B. H. & Nuss, M." box="[1024,1219,1778,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="141 - 204" refId="ref291212" refString="Mally, R., Hayden, J. E., Neinhuis, C., Jordal, B. H. & Nuss, M. (2019) The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 77 (1), 141 - 204." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Mally
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FBA552A9FB78586F" box="[1098,1154,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FB2152A8FA6B586F" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[1230,1425,1778,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Léger
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FAF952A9FAB4586F" box="[1302,1358,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FF78534CFEE95853" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,275,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontiinae">Odontiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FE5F534CFDBF5853" authorityName="W. T. M. Forbes" authorityYear="1923" box="[432,581,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glaphyriinae">Glaphyriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose larvae are predominantly feeding on mustard oil-containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FA8F534DFF185837" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Brassicales</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FF1E5360FE545837" author="Solis, M. A. & Metz, M. & Janzen, D. H." box="[241,430,1850,1876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="766 - 784" refId="ref310261" refString="Solis, M. A., Metz, M. & Janzen, D. H. (2009) Phylogenetic analysis of Cosmopterosis Amsel (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Glaphyriinae) with discussions on male secondary sexual characters and larval feeding on Capparis L. (Capparaceae) in the Pyraloidea and Lepidoptera (Insecta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102 (5), 766 - 784. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 008.102.0504" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Solis
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FEDD5361FE915837" box="[306,363,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FE565360FD7D5837" author="Regier, J. C. & Mitter, C. & Solis, M. A. & Hayden, J. E. & Landry, B. & Nuss, M. & Simonsen, T. J. & Yen, S. H. & Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P." box="[441,647,1850,1876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="635 - 656" refId="ref302688" refString="Regier, J. C., Mitter, C., Solis, M. A., Hayden, J. E., Landry, B., Nuss, M., Simonsen, T. J., Yen, S. H., Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P. (2012) A molecular phylogeny for the pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) and its implications for higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology, 37, 635 - 656. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00641. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Regier
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FDE35361FDBE5837" box="[524,580,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FD7D5360FCA35837" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[658,857,1850,1876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Léger
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FD345361FCEE5837" box="[731,788,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The “CAMMSS clade” sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FB505360FA665837" author="Regier, J. C. & Mitter, C. & Solis, M. A. & Hayden, J. E. & Landry, B. & Nuss, M. & Simonsen, T. J. & Yen, S. H. & Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P." box="[1215,1436,1850,1876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="635 - 656" refId="ref302688" refString="Regier, J. C., Mitter, C., Solis, M. A., Hayden, J. E., Landry, B., Nuss, M., Simonsen, T. J., Yen, S. H., Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P. (2012) A molecular phylogeny for the pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) and its implications for higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology, 37, 635 - 656. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00641. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Regier
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FAFE5361FAB05837" box="[1297,1354,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comprises three main lineages: a clade of the sister groups Lathrotelinae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FBE55304FB5B581B" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1884" box="[1034,1185,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Musotiminae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Musotiminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a “wet habitat clade” consisting of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FEC253D8FE3D58FF" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[301,455,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FE3D53D8FDC558FF" authorityName="Munroe" authorityYear="1958" box="[466,575,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Midilinae">Midilinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FD9A53D8FCE758FF" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1846" box="[629,797,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Schoenobiinae">Schoenobiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a lineage comprising Hoploscopinae, Erupinae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FA9D53D9FEEA58A3" authorityName="Amsel" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliothelinae">Heliothelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Scoparinae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC28030FE2153FCFDB358A3" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[462,585,1958,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crambinae">Crambinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FDB753FCFCDF58A3" author="Regier, J. C. & Mitter, C. & Solis, M. A. & Hayden, J. E. & Landry, B. & Nuss, M. & Simonsen, T. J. & Yen, S. H. & Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P." box="[600,805,1958,1984]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="635 - 656" refId="ref302688" refString="Regier, J. C., Mitter, C., Solis, M. A., Hayden, J. E., Landry, B., Nuss, M., Simonsen, T. J., Yen, S. H., Zwick, A. & Cummings, M. P. (2012) A molecular phylogeny for the pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) and its implications for higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology, 37, 635 - 656. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00641. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Regier
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FD4453FDFD1958A3" box="[683,739,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FCDF53FCFC0858A3" author="Leger, T. & Landry, B. & Nuss, M." box="[816,1010,1958,1984]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="757 - 776" refId="ref288494" refString="Leger, T., Landry, B. & Nuss, M. (2019) Phylogeny, character evolution and tribal classification in Crambinae and Scopariinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). Systematic Entomology, 44 (4), 757 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12353" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Léger
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC28030FC9753FDFC4B58A3" box="[888,945,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC28030FC1253FCFBC058A3" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[1021,1082,1958,1984]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC18033FF2854CDFD4A5E22" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FE7E54CDFDF65FD2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[401,524,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinct from their sister group, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FC3C54CDFBBA5FD2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[979,1088,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the tympanal organs being of the “open
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA76ABFFC18033FEC654E1FEA45FB6" box="[297,350,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
”, i.e., having a wide anteromedial aperture. Furthermore, the tympanum and conjunctiva meet in a distinct angle, and a well-developed praecinctorium is usually present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC18033FC285485FBB75F9A" author="Minet, J." box="[967,1101,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="262 - 280" refId="ref294531" refString="Minet, J. (1981) Les Pyraloidea et leurs principales divisions systematiques (Lep. Ditrysia). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86 (9 - 10), 262 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1981.17984" type="journal article" year="1981">Minet 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC18033FBB65485FB6E5F9A" author="Minet, J." box="[1113,1172,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="175 - 207" refId="ref294582" refString="Minet, J. (1983) Etude morphologique et phylogenetique des organes tympaniques des Pyraloidea. 1 - Generalites et homologies. (Lep. Glossata). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 19 (2), 175 - 207." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC18033FB705484FB215F9A" author="Minet, J." box="[1183,1243,222,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="69 - 86" refId="ref294628" refString="Minet, J. (1985) Etude morphologique et phylogenetique des organs tympaniques des Pyraloidea. 2 - Pyralidae; Crambidae, premiere partie. (Lepidoptera Glossata). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 21 (1), 69 - 86." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Crambid larvae are characterised by the presence of one or two lateral (L) setae on the A9, they lack the sclerotized ring of pyralid larvae around
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A506EBFFC18033FED8557DFEA55E22" box="[311,351,295,321]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">SD</collectingRegion>
|
||
1 on the A8 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC18033FE04557DFD595E22" author="Hasenfuss, I." box="[491,675,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref280672" refString="Hasenfuss, I. (1960) Die Larvalsystematik der Zunsler (Pyralidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1960">Hasenfuss 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |