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<mods:title>The genus Acicula W. Hartmann, 1821 in the Caucasus (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Aciculidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Páll-Gergely, Barna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H- 1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary. pallgergely 2 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6167 - 7221</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Mumladze, Levan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Chavchavadze ave. 32, Tbilisi, Georgia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Grego, Jozef</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Horná Mičiná 219, SK- 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. jozef. grego @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4977 - 0415 Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Giokas, Sinos</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,367,433,460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
O. 
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(
<figureCitation box="[159,286,470,497]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-143@7.[151,1436,489,1792]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Shells of Acicula species. A: Acicula limbata Reuss, 1861 (NHMW 2013/0572/0004). B–F: Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879. B: SMF 23858a (labelled as “Acicula (Acicula) zilchi n. sp.”); C: SMF 23858b (labelled as “Acicula (Acicula) zilchi n. sp.”); D: LP2S3, specimen1; E: “Lectotype” of Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879 (invalidly designated, SMF 4202a); F: F1940, specimen1 (ISU TM-T004-N, neotype, hereby designated). Photos: B. Páll-Gergely (A, C, D, F) and F. Walther (C, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635124/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Figs. 5B–F</figureCitation>
, 
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, 
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<emphasis box="[151,333,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[341,535,538,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger, 1879: 41</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1 fig. 7. Type locality: “am Kazbek” [may be erroneous, see under &quot;Selection of a 
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&quot;].
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64HR8" authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,331,600,624]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[151,331,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
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— 
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.; 
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Boeters 
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1989: 72
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, fig. 55 (partim; Fig. 72 is 
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<emphasis box="[1092,1176,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">A. telum</emphasis>
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); 
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; 
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<bibRefCitation author="Sysoev, A. V. &amp; Schileyko, A. A." box="[302,605,630,654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref12836" refString="Sysoev, A. V. &amp; Schileyko, A. A. (2009) Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Pensoft Series Faunistica No 87. Pensoft, Sofia / Moskva, 312 pp., 142 pls. [June]" type="book" year="2009">Sysoev &amp; Schileyko 2009: 11</bibRefCitation>
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, 249, fig. 2A; 
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<bibRefCitation author="Egorov, R. V. &amp; Greie, C." box="[752,1013,630,655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref10771" refString="Egorov, R. V. &amp; Greie, C. (2003) Treasure of Russian Shells. Vol. 6. Terrestrial Pectinibranchia: Helicinidae, Cyclophoridae, Diplommatinidae, Cochlostomatidae, Aciculidae, Tateidae, Terrestribythinellidae, Pomatiidae. Colus-Doverie, Moscow, 43 pp." type="book" year="2003">Egorov &amp; Greíe 2003: 15</bibRefCitation>
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, map 7; 
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<bibRefCitation author="Neiber, M. T. &amp; Bikashvili, A. &amp; Bananashvili, G. &amp; Shubashishvili, A. &amp; Japoshvili, B. &amp; Walther, F. &amp; Mumladze, L." box="[1100,1324,630,654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="23 - 36" refId="ref12133" refString="Neiber, M. T., Bikashvili, A., Bananashvili, G., Shubashishvili, A., Japoshvili, B., Walther, F. &amp; Mumladze, L. (2021) Continental molluscs collected during the second Georgian-German BioBlitz 2019 in Stepantsminda, Georgia. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 104, 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2021">
Neiber 
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2021: 27
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, fig. 5.
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64HPT" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,314,661,685]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
<emphasis box="[151,314,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acicula limbata</emphasis>
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— 
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Boeters 
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1989: 56
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, Fig. 56 (partim, treats the Czech Miocene species conspecific with 
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<emphasis box="[1295,1421,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">A. moussoni</emphasis>
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); 
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, fig. 9, map 6; 
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<bibRefCitation author="Kantor, Y. I. &amp; Sysoev, A. V." box="[615,890,691,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref11552" refString="Kantor, Y. I. &amp; Sysoev, A. V. (2005) [Catalogue of molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries]. KMK Scientific Press, Moskva, 627 pp." type="book" year="2005">Kantor &amp; Sysoev 2005: 41</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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<bibRefCitation author="Sysoev, A. V. &amp; Schileyko, A. A." box="[900,1204,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref12836" refString="Sysoev, A. V. &amp; Schileyko, A. A. (2009) Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Pensoft Series Faunistica No 87. Pensoft, Sofia / Moskva, 312 pp., 142 pls. [June]" type="book" year="2009">Sysoev &amp; Schileyko 2009: 11</bibRefCitation>
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, text-fig. 1; 
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Pokryszko 
<emphasis box="[199,250,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
: appendix 3; 
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Mumladze 
<emphasis box="[559,610,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">et al.</emphasis>
2017
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: appendix S5.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64HR8" authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,410,753,777]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni" subGenus="Acme">
<emphasis box="[151,228,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acicula</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[243,299,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acme</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[314,410,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">moussoni</emphasis>
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— 
<treatmentCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[436,647,753,777]" page="159" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[436,647,753,777]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="151 - 161" refId="ref10367" refString="Boettger, O. (1880 b) Armenische und transkaukasische Mollusken, aus einer Sendung des Hrn. Dr. G. Sievers in Tiflis. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 7 (2), 151 - 161, pl. 5." type="journal article" year="1880">Boettger 1880b: 159</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dupuy" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,309,784,807]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[151,309,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acme moussoni</emphasis>
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— 
<treatmentCitation author="Clessin, S." box="[335,519,784,808]" page="134" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation author="Clessin, S." box="[335,519,784,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="129 - 135" refId="ref10503" refString="Clessin, S. (1881) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Molluskenfauna des Caucasus. Malakozoologische Blatter, Neue Folge, 3, 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="1881">Clessin 1881: 134</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[528,725,784,808]" page="191" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1883">
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[528,725,784,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="135 - 200" refId="ref10413" refString="Boettger, O. (1883) Siebentes Verzeichniss von Mollusken der Kaukasuslander nach Sendungen des Hrn. Hans Leder, z. Z. in Helenendorf bei Elisabetpol (Transkaukasien). Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 10, 135 - 200, pls. 4 - 7." type="journal article" year="1883">Boettger 1883: 191</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, W." box="[735,860,784,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref11680" refString="Kobelt, W. (1894 - 1896) Iconographie der Land- &amp; Susswasser-Mollusken mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung der europaischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten. Neue Folge. 7. Bd. C. W. Kreidel's Verlag, Wiesbaden. [unknown pagination]" type="journal volume" year="1894">
Kobelt 
<quantity box="[809,860,784,808]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.81076" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="in" value="1894.0">1894</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
in 1894-96: 12, pl. 183 fig. 1153; 
<treatmentCitation author="Rosen, B. O. von" box="[1203,1363,783,807]" page="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation author="Rosen, B. O. von" box="[1203,1363,783,807]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref12615" refString="Rosen, B. O. von (1905) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna des Kaukasus. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 37 (2), 49 - 64." type="journal article" year="1905">Rosen 1905: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Rosen, B. O. von" page="132" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation author="Rosen, B. O. von" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="86 - 142" refId="ref12648" refString="Rosen, B. O. von (1911) Die Mollusken Ciskaukasiens und speciell des Kuban-Gebietes. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, 16, 86 - 142, pls. 2 + 3." type="journal article" year="1911">Rosen 1911: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Kalitina, Z. I." box="[314,493,814,838]" page="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation author="Kalitina, Z. I." box="[314,493,814,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref11346" refString="Kalitina, Z. I. (1954) K izucheniyu nazemnykh mollyuskov tsentralnogo Kavkaza i vostochnogo Predkavkazya (Fauna, ekologiya i rol v rasprostranenii diklotselioza) [To the knowledge of the terrestrial molluscs of central and eastern Ciscaucasia (Fauna, ecology and role in disseminating dicroceliasis)]. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskiy institut, Leningrad. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="1954">Kalitina 1954: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Kalitina, Z. I." box="[503,696,814,838]" page="172" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation author="Kalitina, Z. I." box="[503,696,814,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="157 - 181" refId="ref11412" refString="Kalitina, Z. I. (1958) K izucheniyu zonalnogo raspredeleniya nazemnykh mollyuskov Severnykh sklonov Tsentralnogo Kavkaza i Vostochnogo Predkavkasya. Zdravookhranenie i meditsina v Severnoy Osetii, 7 (1), 157 - 181." type="journal article" year="1958">Kalitina 1958: 172</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Lezhawa, G. I." box="[707,884,814,838]" page="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation author="Lezhawa, G. I." box="[707,884,814,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref11724" refString="Lezhawa, G. I. (1966) Nazemnie mollyuski [Terrestrial mollusca]. Fauna bespozvonochnyh Trialetskogo khrebta [Invertebrate fauna of the Trialeti mountains], 1966, 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1966">Lezhawa 1966: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Javelidze, G." box="[895,1086,814,838]" page="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation author="Javelidze, G." box="[895,1086,814,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref11314" refString="Javelidze, G. (1972) Sakartvelos khmeletis moluskebis sarkvevI [Identification keys for Georgian Terrestrial Molluscs]. Tbilisi, Tbilisis Universit'et'is. [142 pp. in Georgian]" type="book" year="1972">Javelidze 1972: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 7; 
<treatmentCitation author="Lezhawa, G. I." box="[1164,1354,814,838]" page="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation author="Lezhawa, G. I." box="[1164,1354,814,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="20 - 68" refId="ref11759" refString="Lezhawa, G. I. (1973) Khmeletis moluskebi [Terrestrial molluscs]. Sakartvelos tskhovelta samkaro IV. Tbilisi, Metsniereba. [pp. 20 - 68, in Georgian]" type="book chapter" year="1973">Lezhawa 1973: 22</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,538,900]" box="[151,515,845,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,515,845,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinhardt" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,327,845,869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Pupula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[151,327,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Pupula moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation author="Hesse, P." box="[352,511,845,869]" page="88" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation author="Hesse, P." box="[352,511,845,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="78 - 89" refId="ref11184" refString="Hesse, P. (1920) Einige Bemerkungen uber die Familie Acmidae nebst Verzeichnis der Arten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 52 (2), 78 - 89." type="journal article" year="1920">
<collectingRegion box="[352,412,845,868]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Hesse</collectingRegion>
1920: 88
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,538,900]" box="[151,981,875,900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,981,875,900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64HR8" authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,431,876,900]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni" subGenus="Acicula">
<emphasis box="[151,228,876,900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acicula</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[243,320,876,900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acicula</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[335,431,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation author="Zilch, A." box="[457,570,875,900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="123 - 136" refId="ref12933" refString="Zilch, A. (1976) Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 56: Mollusca: Aciculidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107 (1 / 3), 123 - 136." type="journal article" year="1976">Zilch 1976</bibRefCitation>
b: 127, pl. 12 fig. 14; 
<treatmentCitation author="Kijashko, P. V." box="[787,977,876,900]" page="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation author="Kijashko, P. V." box="[787,977,876,900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refId="ref11588" refString="Kijashko, P. V. (2000) Nazemnye mollyuski Lagonakskogo nagorya (Severo-zapadnyy Kavkaz) [On the Molluscs of Lagonaki mountains (Northwestern Caucasus)]. Avtoreferat, St. - Petersburg. [unknown pagination, in Russian]" type="book" year="2000">Kijashko 2000: 21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,945,2018]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,465]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,945,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="H. Leder" country="USA" location="Racha mountains" municipality="Kaukasus" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCode="SMF 23858" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Georgia">
GEORGIA: 
<collectorName box="[531,666,946,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Ud. S. S. R.</collectorName>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[677,789,946,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kaukasus</collectingMunicipality>
, &quot;Radscha&quot; (
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FC0CFC41993E5380" box="[931,1130,946,972]" country="Georgia" municipality="Kaukasus" name="Racha mountains" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Racha mountains</location>
), leg. 
<collectorName box="[1197,1298,946,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">H. Leder</collectorName>
, 1889 (
<specimenCode collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">SMF 23858</specimenCode>
/2, photos of a shell were received from 
<collectorName box="[671,835,982,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Frank Walther</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1988-07-06" collectingDateMax="1988-07-07" collectingDateMin="1988-07-06" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="L. Nemeth" country="Georgia" county="Georgian Military Road" elevation="2300" latitude="42.531666" location="Jvari" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="44.472332" municipality="Cross" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCode="LN 10191" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty box="[854,1125,982,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Georgian Military Road</collectingCounty>
, 
<elevation box="[1136,1281,982,1008]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="2300.0">
<quantity box="[1136,1220,982,1008]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1293,1357,982,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Cross</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FAF4FC2598C053BC" box="[1371,1428,982,1008]" country="Georgia" county="Georgian Military Road" latitude="42.531666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="44.472332" municipality="Cross" name="Jvari" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Jvari</location>
) pass, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FF79FC099C7B5458" box="[214,303,1018,1044]" country="Georgia" county="Georgian Military Road" latitude="42.531666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="44.472332" municipality="Cross" name="Narzani" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Narzani</location>
fountain (approximate GPS coordinates: 
<geoCoordinate box="[768,914,1019,1046]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="31.900" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.531666">42°31.900′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[925,1069,1019,1046]" degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="28.340" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="44.472332">44°28.340′E</geoCoordinate>
), leg. 
<collectorName box="[1136,1260,1018,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Németh</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1270,1432,1018,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1988-07-06" valueMax="1988-07-07" valueMin="1988-07-06">
<collectingDate box="[1270,1432,1018,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1988-07-06" valueMax="1988-07-07" valueMin="1988-07-06">6–7 July 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
, 4 broken shells (
<specimenCode box="[338,459,1054,1080]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">LN 10191</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectorName="J. Grego &amp; M. Szekeres" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo" latitude="42.72125" location="Kvatsalara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.091633" municipality="Chkvaleri" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty box="[481,601,1054,1080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Samegrelo</collectingCounty>
reg., 
<collectingMunicipality box="[666,776,1054,1080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Chkvaleri</collectingMunicipality>
vicinity, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FCDCFBED9EBA5474" box="[883,1006,1054,1080]" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo" latitude="42.72125" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.091633" municipality="Chkvaleri" name="Kvatsalara" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kvatsalara</location>
, small cave spring just left side of the road, to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FF5BFBB19C685410" box="[244,316,1090,1116]" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo" latitude="42.72125" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.091633" municipality="Chkvaleri" name="Intsira" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Intsira</location>
waterfall, 
<geoCoordinate box="[435,581,1091,1118]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="43.275" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.72125">42°43.275′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[592,717,1091,1118]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="5.498" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.091633">42°5.498′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality ode: F1968), leg. 
<collectorName box="[1023,1117,1090,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">J. Grego</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[1153,1294,1090,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">M. Szekeres</collectorName>
, 19 
<collectorName box="[1340,1432,1090,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">October</collectorName>
, 2021, 4 broken shells, (coll. JG)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectorName="J. Grego &amp; M. Szekeres" country="Georgia" county="Satsiskvilo" latitude="42.497017" location="Satsiskvilo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.547115" municipality="Turchismta" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imereti">
<collectingRegion box="[539,620,1126,1152]" country="Georgia" name="Imereti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Imereti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<collectingCounty box="[688,811,1126,1152]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Satsiskvilo</collectingCounty>
vicinity, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[920,1050,1126,1152]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Turchismta</collectingMunicipality>
, concrete wall and natural outlets among limestone beds at right side of path from 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FD01FB799E7D54E8" box="[686,809,1162,1188]" country="Georgia" county="Satsiskvilo" latitude="42.497017" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.547115" municipality="Turchismta" name="Satsiskvilo" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Imereti">Satsiskvilo</location>
to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FCE5FB799EBD54E8" box="[842,1001,1162,1188]" country="Georgia" county="Satsiskvilo" latitude="42.497017" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.547115" municipality="Turchismta" name="Okatse Spring" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Imereti">Okatse Spring</location>
(locality code: 2021/26), 
<geoCoordinate box="[1287,1432,1163,1190]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="29.821" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.497017">42°29.821′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,294,1199,1226]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="32.827" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.547115">42°32.827′E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. 
<collectorName box="[352,447,1198,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">J. Grego</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[482,623,1198,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">M. Szekeres</collectorName>
, 15 
<collectorName box="[669,761,1198,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">October</collectorName>
, 2021, 1 broken shell (coll. JG)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="J. Grego &amp; M. Szekeres" country="Georgia" county="Kinchkhaperdi" latitude="42.518368" location="Satsiskvilo river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.55728" municipality="Okatse" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCode="TM-T004" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imereti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[1126,1207,1198,1224]" country="Georgia" name="Imereti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Imereti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<collectingCounty box="[1270,1436,1198,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kinchkhaperdi</collectingCounty>
vicinity, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[255,336,1234,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Okatse</collectingMunicipality>
, spring at left bank of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FDDDFB219E7B54A0" box="[626,815,1234,1260]" country="Georgia" county="Kinchkhaperdi" latitude="42.518368" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.55728" municipality="Okatse" name="Satsiskvilo river" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Imereti">Satsiskvilo river</location>
canyon, leakage among larger stones, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1287,1432,1235,1262]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="31.102" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.518368">42°31.102′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,290,1271,1298]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="33.437" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.55728">42°33.437′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: F1940), leg. 
<collectorName box="[605,700,1270,1296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">J. Grego</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[734,874,1270,1296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">M. Szekeres</collectorName>
, 15 
<collectorName box="[920,1012,1270,1296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">October</collectorName>
, 2021, 
<specimenCount box="[1091,1218,1270,1296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
in ethanol, 
<typeStatus box="[1348,1437,1270,1296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">neotype</typeStatus>
(hereby designated), H: 
<quantity box="[429,533,1306,1332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="2.48">2.48 mm</quantity>
, D: 
<quantity box="[585,687,1306,1333]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="0.95">0.95 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode box="[704,751,1306,1332]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[759,876,1306,1332]" collectionCode="TM-T" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">TM-T004</specimenCode>
-N)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1988-06-14" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="L. Nemeth" country="Georgia" latitude="43.441166" location="Iupshara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.53475" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCode="LN 10782" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abkhazia" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[924,1034,1306,1332]" country="Georgia" name="Abkhazia" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Abkhazia</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FBB7FAE9992C5578" box="[1048,1144,1306,1332]" country="Georgia" latitude="43.441166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.53475" name="Iupshara" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Abkhazia">Iupshara</location>
gorge (approximate GPS coordinates 
<geoCoordinate box="[286,431,1343,1370]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="26.470" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="43.441166">43°26.470′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[441,585,1343,1370]" degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="32.085" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="40.53475">40°32.085′E</geoCoordinate>
), leg. 
<collectorName box="[649,771,1342,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Németh</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[780,927,1342,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1988-06-14">
<collectingDate box="[780,927,1342,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1988-06-14">14 June 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[940,1060,1342,1368]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">LN 10782</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-10-11" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="1818" latitude="41.866" location="Sairme" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.780666" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-subadult="2" stateProvince="Imereti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[1078,1159,1342,1368]" country="Georgia" name="Imereti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Imereti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FB6CFACD98465514" box="[1219,1298,1342,1368]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.866" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.780666" name="Sairme" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Imereti">Sairme</location>
gorge, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.818" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1818.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.818" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1818.0">1818 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[246,391,1379,1406]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="51.960" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.866">41°51.960′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[403,545,1379,1406]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="46.840" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.780666">42°46.840′E</geoCoordinate>
, (locality code: sp7s2), leg. 
<collectorName box="[860,1014,1378,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1025,1215,1378,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-10-11">
<collectingDate box="[1025,1215,1378,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-10-11">11 October 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount box="[1226,1343,1378,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="subadult">2 subadult</specimenCount>
shells + 
<specimenCount box="[151,263,1414,1440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
shell (
<collectionCode box="[340,390,1414,1440]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-10-11" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="1925" latitude="41.856434" location="Sairme" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.7901" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imereti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[411,492,1414,1440]" country="Georgia" name="Imereti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Imereti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FD82FA759F2855EC" box="[557,636,1414,1440]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.856434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.7901" name="Sairme" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Imereti">Sairme</location>
gorge, 
<elevation box="[722,869,1414,1441]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1925.0">
<quantity box="[722,808,1414,1441]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1925.0">1925 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[882,1027,1415,1442]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="51.386" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.856434">41°51.386′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1039,1179,1415,1442]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="47.406" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.7901">42°47.406′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: sp8s3), leg. 
<collectorName box="[199,353,1450,1476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[364,553,1450,1476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-10-11">
<collectingDate box="[364,553,1450,1476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-10-11">11 October 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 shell (
<collectionCode box="[653,703,1450,1476]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-03" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="2347" latitude="41.874084" location="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.378765" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kakheti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[723,812,1450,1476]" country="Georgia" name="Kakheti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kakheti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FCC4FA5999C95588" box="[875,1181,1450,1476]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.874084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.378765" name="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Kakheti">Lagodekhi Protected Areas</location>
, subalpine forest edge, 
<elevation box="[151,301,1486,1512]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.347" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="2347.0">
<quantity box="[151,238,1486,1512]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.347" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="2347.0">2347 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[316,461,1487,1514]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="52.445" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.874084">41°52.445′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[475,617,1487,1514]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="22.726" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="46.378765">46°22.726′E</geoCoordinate>
, (locality code: lp10s1), leg. 
<collectorName box="[954,1110,1486,1512]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1123,1266,1486,1512]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-06-03">
<collectingDate box="[1123,1266,1486,1512]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-06-03">3 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 shell (
<collectionCode box="[1373,1423,1486,1512]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1988-06-14" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="L. Nemeth" country="Georgia" county="Bzipi" latitude="43.384865" location="Lake Ritsa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.465366" municipality="Iupshara" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCode="LN 10801" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abkhazia" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[151,261,1522,1548]" country="Georgia" name="Abkhazia" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Abkhazia</collectingRegion>
, valley of the 
<collectingCounty box="[412,473,1522,1548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Bzipi</collectingCounty>
and 
<collectingMunicipality box="[523,622,1522,1548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Iupshara</collectingMunicipality>
, road leading to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FC8EFA019ECE5640" box="[801,922,1522,1548]" country="Georgia" county="Bzipi" latitude="43.384865" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.465366" municipality="Iupshara" name="Lake Ritsa" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Abkhazia">Lake Ritsa</location>
, double tunnel (approximate GPS coordinates: 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,296,1559,1586]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="23.092" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="43.384865">43°23.092′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[312,456,1559,1586]" degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="27.922" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="40.465366">40°27.922′E</geoCoordinate>
), leg. 
<collectorName box="[532,660,1558,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Németh</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[675,834,1558,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1988-06-14">
<collectingDate box="[675,834,1558,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1988-06-14">14 June 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[853,978,1558,1584]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">LN 10801</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-10-11" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="2210" latitude="41.846867" location="Sairme" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.80745" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Imereti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[1002,1083,1558,1584]" country="Georgia" name="Imereti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Imereti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FB2BF9E59987567C" box="[1156,1235,1558,1584]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.846867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.80745" name="Sairme" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Imereti">Sairme</location>
gorge, subalpine forest edge, 
<elevation box="[289,435,1594,1620]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="2210.0">
<quantity box="[289,374,1594,1620]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="2210.0">2210 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[448,593,1595,1622]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="50.812" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.846867">41°50.812′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[604,744,1595,1622]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="48.447" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.80745">42°48.447′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: sp9s3), leg. 
<collectorName box="[1055,1209,1594,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1220,1411,1594,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-10-11">
<collectingDate box="[1220,1411,1594,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-10-11">11 October 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 corroded shell (
<collectionCode box="[327,377,1630,1656]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-10-28" collectorName="J. Grego &amp; M. Szekeres" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo Reg." latitude="42.64975" location="Lugela" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.205" municipality="Mukhuri" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-adult="2" specimenCount-juvenile="2" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCounty box="[398,580,1630,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Samegrelo Reg.</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[592,690,1630,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Mukhuri</collectingMunicipality>
vicinity, road to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FCDCF9AD9E905634" box="[883,964,1630,1656]" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo Reg." latitude="42.64975" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.205" municipality="Mukhuri" name="Lugela" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Lugela</location>
, small karst spring well just at left side of road from 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FEA3F9719C3A56D0" box="[268,366,1666,1692]" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo Reg." latitude="42.64975" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.205" municipality="Mukhuri" name="Mukhuri" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Mukhuri</location>
to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FE3FF9719CB556D0" box="[400,481,1666,1692]" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo Reg." latitude="42.64975" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.205" municipality="Mukhuri" name="Lugela" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Lugela</location>
, behind 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FD91F9719F9556D0" box="[574,705,1666,1692]" country="Georgia" county="Samegrelo Reg." latitude="42.64975" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.205" municipality="Mukhuri" name="Shurubumu" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Shurubumu</location>
springs, 
<geoCoordinate box="[805,948,1667,1694]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="38.985" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.64975">42°38.985′N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[954,1094,1667,1694]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="12.300" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.205">42°12.300′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: 
<date box="[1267,1376,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2021-10-28">
<collectingDate box="[1267,1376,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2021-10-28">2021/28x</collectingDate>
</date>
), leg. 
<collectorName box="[151,246,1702,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">J. Grego</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[282,423,1702,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">M. Szekeres</collectorName>
, 17 
<collectorName box="[470,562,1702,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">October</collectorName>
, 2021, 
<specimenCount box="[643,720,1702,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
specimen in ethanol + 
<specimenCount box="[982,1059,1702,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
+ 
<specimenCount box="[1089,1200,1702,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="juvenile">2 juvenile</specimenCount>
dry shells (coll. JG)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-08-01" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="Iori &amp; L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="1470" latitude="42.31053" location="Upper Iori River valley" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="45.122868" municipality="Mtskheta-Tianeti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,343,1738,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Mtskheta-Tianeti</collectingMunicipality>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FE36F9399FF756A8" box="[409,675,1738,1764]" country="Georgia" latitude="42.31053" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="45.122868" municipality="Mtskheta-Tianeti" name="Upper Iori River valley" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Upper Iori River valley</location>
, 
<elevation box="[687,835,1738,1764]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1470.0">
<quantity box="[687,773,1738,1764]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1470.0">1470 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[848,993,1739,1766]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="18.632" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="42.31053">42°18.632′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1006,1134,1739,1766]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="7.372" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="45.122868">45°7.372′E</geoCoordinate>
, (locality code: 
<collectorName box="[1316,1364,1738,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Iori</collectorName>
1), leg. 
<collectorName box="[151,305,1774,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[315,481,1774,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2010-08-01">
<collectingDate box="[315,481,1774,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2010-08-01">1 August 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2 shells (
<collectionCode box="[592,642,1774,1800]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-03" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="1815" latitude="41.858418" location="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.34128" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kakheti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[661,750,1774,1800]" country="Georgia" name="Kakheti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kakheti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FC82F91D990B5744" box="[813,1119,1774,1800]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.858418" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.34128" name="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Kakheti">Lagodekhi Protected Areas</location>
, 
<elevation box="[1130,1275,1774,1801]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.815" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1815.0">
<quantity box="[1130,1214,1774,1801]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.815" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1815.0">1815 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1287,1432,1775,1802]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="51.505" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.858418">41°51.505′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,290,1811,1838]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="20.477" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="46.34128">46°20.477′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: lp7s3), leg. 
<collectorName box="[588,740,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[749,884,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-06-03">
<collectingDate box="[749,884,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-06-03">3 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2 shells (
<collectionCode box="[989,1039,1810,1836]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze &amp; June" country="Georgia" elevation="1215" latitude="41.849167" location="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.324585" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kakheti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[1057,1146,1810,1836]" country="Georgia" name="Kakheti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kakheti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FB19F8E19D8F571C" country="Georgia" latitude="41.849167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.324585" name="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Kakheti">Lagodekhi Protected Areas</location>
, 
<elevation box="[232,382,1846,1873]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.215" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1215.0">
<quantity box="[232,319,1846,1873]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.215" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1215.0">1215 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[396,541,1847,1874]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="50.950" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.849167">41°50.950′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[555,697,1847,1874]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="19.475" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="46.324585">46°19.475′E</geoCoordinate>
, (locality code: lp4s2), leg. 
<collectorName box="[1018,1174,1846,1872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 3 
<collectorName box="[1210,1264,1846,1872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">June</collectorName>
, 2013, 5 shells (3 completely adults) (
<collectionCode box="[416,466,1882,1908]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-03" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="803" latitude="41.857933" location="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.310467" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kakheti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[491,580,1882,1908]" country="Georgia" name="Kakheti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kakheti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FD24F8A99E915738" box="[651,965,1882,1908]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.857933" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.310467" name="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Kakheti">Lagodekhi Protected Areas</location>
, 
<elevation box="[980,1120,1882,1908]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="803.0">
<quantity box="[980,1055,1882,1908]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="803.0">803 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1136,1281,1883,1910]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="51.476" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.857933">41°51.476′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1297,1437,1883,1910]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="18.628" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="46.310467">46°18.628′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: lp2s3), leg. 
<collectorName box="[448,601,1918,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[611,748,1918,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-06-03">
<collectingDate box="[611,748,1918,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2013-06-03">3 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 4 shells (
<collectionCode box="[856,906,1918,1944]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-09-09" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="57" latitude="41.934933" location="Ozurgeti" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="41.987633" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guria" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[925,989,1918,1944]" country="Georgia" name="Guria" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Guria</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FBB4F88D992B57D4" box="[1051,1151,1918,1944]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.934933" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="41.987633" name="Ozurgeti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Guria">Ozurgeti</location>
, anthropogenic site, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="57.0">
<quantity box="[1380,1436,1918,1945]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="57.0">57 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[217,362,1955,1982]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="56.096" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.934933">41°56.096′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[373,513,1955,1982]" degrees="41" direction="east" minutes="59.258" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.987633">41°59.258′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: E25D5P1), leg. 
<collectorName box="[865,1019,1954,1980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1029,1235,1954,1980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2018-09-09">
<collectingDate box="[1029,1235,1954,1980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2018-09-09">9 September 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 shell in ethanol (
<collectionCode box="[160,210,1990,2016]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-08-20" collectionCode="ISU" collectorName="L. Mumladze" country="Georgia" elevation="1297" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" latitude="41.84897" location="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.331383" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-juvenile="4" specimenCount-subadult="2" stateProvince="Kakheti" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingRegion box="[231,320,1990,2016]" country="Georgia" name="Kakheti" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Kakheti</collectingRegion>
reg., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB6FFA4FE2CF8359FEC57AC" box="[387,696,1990,2016]" country="Georgia" latitude="41.84897" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.331383" name="Lagodekhi Protected Areas" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Kakheti">Lagodekhi Protected Areas</location>
, 
<elevation box="[709,857,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.297" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1297.0">
<quantity box="[709,795,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.297" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="1297.0">1297 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[871,1016,1991,2018]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="50.938" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="41.84897">41°50.938′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1029,1169,1991,2018]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="19.883" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" precision="1" value="46.331383">46°19.883′E</geoCoordinate>
(locality code: lm007), leg. 
<collectorName box="[202,358,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">L. Mumladze</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[371,555,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2010-08-20">
<collectingDate box="[371,555,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2010-08-20">20 August 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount box="[569,690,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="subadult">2 subadult</specimenCount>
, corroded shells + 
<specimenCount box="[909,1033,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1051,1101,151,177]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jgjv-qdg3" name="Indiana State University" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">ISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1988-06-20" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="L. Nemeth" country="Russia" county="Sochi" latitude="43.5476" location="Rassvet village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.881535" municipality="Khosta river" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="LN 10651" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry box="[1123,1225,151,177]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
, vicinity of 
<collectingCounty box="[1365,1432,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Sochi</collectingCounty>
, valley of the 
<collectingMunicipality box="[306,449,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Khosta river</collectingMunicipality>
, at 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB7FFA5FE43FF489FC85099" box="[492,668,187,213]" country="Russia" county="Sochi" latitude="43.5476" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.881535" municipality="Khosta river" name="Rassvet village" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Rassvet village</location>
, flotsam of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB7FFA5FC87FF489E2E5099" box="[808,890,187,213]" country="Russia" county="Sochi" latitude="43.5476" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.881535" municipality="Khosta river" name="Khosta" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Khosta</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[904,1049,188,215]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="32.856" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="1" value="43.5476">43°32.856′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1063,1205,188,215]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="52.892" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="1" value="39.881535">39°52.892′E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. 
<collectorName box="[1269,1395,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">L. Németh</collectorName>
, 
<date pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1988-06-20">
<collectingDate pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1988-06-20">20 June 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[281,402,222,249]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">LN 10651</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1988-06-20" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="L. Nemeth" country="Russia" county="Russia" latitude="43.5476" location="Khosta river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.881535" municipality="Sochi" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="LN 10680" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCounty box="[422,500,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Russia</collectingCounty>
, vicinity of 
<collectingMunicipality box="[635,702,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Sochi</collectingMunicipality>
, valley of the 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB7FFA5FCF1FF2C9EB850B5" box="[862,1004,223,249]" country="Russia" county="Russia" latitude="43.5476" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.881535" municipality="Sochi" name="Khosta river" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Khosta river</location>
, at 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB7FFA5FBBDFF2C999450B5" box="[1042,1216,223,249]" country="Russia" county="Russia" latitude="43.5476" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.881535" municipality="Sochi" name="Rassvet village" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Rassvet village</location>
, flotsam of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB7FFA5FAE9FF2C98CC50B5" box="[1350,1432,223,249]" country="Russia" county="Russia" latitude="43.5476" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.881535" municipality="Sochi" name="Khosta" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Khosta</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,296,260,287]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="32.856" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="1" value="43.5476">43°32.856′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[309,452,260,287]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="52.892" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="1" value="39.881535">39°52.892′E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. 
<collectorName box="[513,638,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">L. Németh</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[650,802,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1988-06-20">
<collectingDate box="[650,802,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1988-06-20">20 June 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[818,940,259,285]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">LN 10680</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1988-07-26" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="L. Nemeth" country="Russia" county="Orjonikidze" location="Georgian Military Road" municipality="Vladikavkas" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="LN 7767" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCounty box="[961,1095,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Orjonikidze</collectingCounty>
(= 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1126,1273,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Vladikavkas</collectingMunicipality>
), beginning of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187CFFFB6FFA8FF38FE429F535431:8EB76002FFB7FFA5FF38FED49CF3510D" box="[151,423,295,321]" country="Russia" county="Orjonikidze" municipality="Vladikavkas" name="Georgian Military Road" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Georgian Military Road</location>
, leg. 
<collectorName box="[482,605,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">L. Németh</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[616,760,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1988-07-26">
<collectingDate box="[616,760,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1988-07-26">26 July 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[775,882,295,321]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">LN 7767</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,465]" box="[199,1074,330,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,596,330,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Number of grooves on last whorl.</emphasis>
4–14, average: 8.25 (SD=+/-2.6) (n = 36).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,491,366,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
H: 1.75–3.06, average: 2.44, (SD=+/-0.36); D: 0.66–1.26, average: 0.94 (SD=+/- 0.14); D/H: 0.34–0.43, average: 0.39 (SD=+/-0.02) (n = 33).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,465]" box="[199,976,438,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,462,438,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
See under 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Clessin" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[587,759,439,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parcelineata">
<emphasis box="[587,759,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">A. parcelineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[813,906,439,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="telum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[813,906,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">A. telum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[913,976,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[913,976,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7635124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635124/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" startId="7.[151,250,1815,1839]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1792]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,1815,1948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1815,1840]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Shells of 
<taxonomicName box="[380,571,1815,1840]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis box="[380,457,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula</emphasis>
species. A
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authority="Reuss, 1861" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1861" box="[581,875,1815,1839]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
<emphasis box="[581,743,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula limbata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Reuss, A. E." box="[750,875,1815,1839]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="55 - 85" refId="ref12497" refString="Reuss, A. E. (1861) Die fossilen Mollusken der tertiaren Susswasserkalke Bohmens. Sitzungsberichte der mathematischnaturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 42, 55 - 85." type="journal article" year="1861">Reuss, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMW 2013/0572/0004). B–F: 
<taxonomicName authority="O. Boettger, 1879" authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1225,1405,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
O. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[151,304,1852,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. B: SMF 23858a (labelled as “ 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[617,857,1851,1876]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zilchi" status="n. sp." subGenus="Acicula">
<emphasis box="[617,694,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[709,786,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[802,857,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">zilchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[863,920,1852,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[863,920,1852,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
”); C: SMF 23858b (labelled as “ 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zilchi" status="n. sp." subGenus="Acicula">
<emphasis box="[1258,1335,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[1350,1427,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[151,206,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">zilchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[211,267,1888,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[211,267,1888,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
”); D: LP2S3, specimen1; E: “Lectotype” of 
<taxonomicName authority="O. Boettger, 1879" authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[713,1075,1887,1912]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[713,892,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
O. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[926,1075,1888,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(invalidly designated, SMF 4202a); F: F1940, specimen1 (ISU TM-T004-N, neotype, hereby designated). Photos: B. Páll-Gergely (A, C, D, F) and F. Walther (C, E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,491,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Intraspecific variability.</emphasis>
The populations of this species show some variability in terms of shell size and groove density. A few shells (e.g. 
<figureCitation box="[543,642,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-143@7.[151,1436,489,1792]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Shells of Acicula species. A: Acicula limbata Reuss, 1861 (NHMW 2013/0572/0004). B–F: Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879. B: SMF 23858a (labelled as “Acicula (Acicula) zilchi n. sp.”); C: SMF 23858b (labelled as “Acicula (Acicula) zilchi n. sp.”); D: LP2S3, specimen1; E: “Lectotype” of Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879 (invalidly designated, SMF 4202a); F: F1940, specimen1 (ISU TM-T004-N, neotype, hereby designated). Photos: B. Páll-Gergely (A, C, D, F) and F. Walther (C, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635124/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Figs. 5B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[656,687,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-167@8.[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879. A: Iori1, specimen1; B: LP4S2, specimen1; C: LP7S3, specimen1; D: LN 7767, specimen1; E: LN 10651, specimen1; F: LN 10680, specimen1. All photos: B. Páll-Gergely." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635126/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">6F</figureCitation>
) possess a thin neck bulge, and in some cases (e.g. 
<figureCitation box="[1288,1375,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-167@8.[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879. A: Iori1, specimen1; B: LP4S2, specimen1; C: LP7S3, specimen1; D: LN 7767, specimen1; E: LN 10651, specimen1; F: LN 10680, specimen1. All photos: B. Páll-Gergely." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635126/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) it is difficult to decide whether a neck bulge is present or the visible slender swelling is a result of a groove situated close to the peristome. Furthermore, some shells of a single population may exhibit a thin neck bulge, while others do not. Furthermore, it seems that while in smaller 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[691,829,295,321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[691,829,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shells the individual grooves on the last whorl (above the aperture) are of comparable depth and are more or less regularly arranged (e.g. 
<figureCitation box="[1083,1176,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-143@7.[151,1436,489,1792]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Shells of Acicula species. A: Acicula limbata Reuss, 1861 (NHMW 2013/0572/0004). B–F: Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879. B: SMF 23858a (labelled as “Acicula (Acicula) zilchi n. sp.”); C: SMF 23858b (labelled as “Acicula (Acicula) zilchi n. sp.”); D: LP2S3, specimen1; E: “Lectotype” of Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879 (invalidly designated, SMF 4202a); F: F1940, specimen1 (ISU TM-T004-N, neotype, hereby designated). Photos: B. Páll-Gergely (A, C, D, F) and F. Walther (C, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635124/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Figs. 5F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1187,1251,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-167@8.[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879. A: Iori1, specimen1; B: LP4S2, specimen1; C: LP7S3, specimen1; D: LN 7767, specimen1; E: LN 10651, specimen1; F: LN 10680, specimen1. All photos: B. Páll-Gergely." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635126/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">6E, F</figureCitation>
), in larger shells some of the grooves are weaker than others and the spaces between them are more variable (e.g. 
<figureCitation box="[1236,1369,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-167@8.[151,1436,417,1721]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879. A: Iori1, specimen1; B: LP4S2, specimen1; C: LP7S3, specimen1; D: LN 7767, specimen1; E: LN 10651, specimen1; F: LN 10680, specimen1. All photos: B. Páll-Gergely." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635126/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Figs. 6B–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7635126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635126/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" startId="8.[151,250,1744,1768]" targetBox="[151,1436,417,1721]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,1744,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,277,1744,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="O. Boettger, 1879" authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[285,661,1744,1769]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[285,466,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
O. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[507,661,1745,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A: Iori1, specimen1; B: LP4S2, specimen1; C: LP7S3, specimen1; D: LN 7767, specimen1; E: LN 10651, specimen1; F: LN 10680, specimen1. All photos: B. Páll-Gergely.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection box="[199,1318,1850,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1850,2021]" box="[199,1318,1850,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[359,558,1851,1877]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[359,558,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the entire range of the Caucasus Mountains (
<figureCitation box="[1236,1304,1851,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1123,1147]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-157@9.[151,1436,453,1100]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Acicula species in the Caucasus Mts. The symbols marked with numbers (1: Surami range, 2: Manglisi, 3: Martkopi, 4: North Ossetia) do not represent georeferenced localities for Acicula moussoni O. Boettger, 1879 and Acicula parcelineata (Clessin, 1911)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635128/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1850,2021]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1887,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was called 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1861" box="[587,704,1887,1913]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
<emphasis box="[587,704,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">A. limbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Boeters, H. D. &amp; Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P." box="[744,972,1887,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref10251" refString="Boeters, H. D., Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P. (1989) Die Aciculidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 252, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1989">
Boeters 
<emphasis box="[836,892,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
(1989)
</bibRefCitation>
and since. We examined shells of the real 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,331,1923,1949]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
<emphasis box="[151,331,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Acicula limbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Early Miocene of the 
<collectingCountry box="[690,869,1923,1949]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(NHMW 2013/0572/0004, Most Basin, 
<collectingCountry box="[1328,1432,1923,1949]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
, Burdigalian; see 
<bibRefCitation author="Harzhauser, M. &amp; Neubauer, T. A. &amp; Georgopoulou, E. &amp; Harl, J." box="[346,608,1959,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="819 - 908" refId="ref11108" refString="Harzhauser, M., Neubauer, T. A., Georgopoulou, E. &amp; Harl, J. (2014) The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin). Bulletin of Geosciences, 89 (4), 819 - 908, 18 figs., 1 table. https: // doi. org / 10.3140 / bull. geosci. 1503" type="book chapter" year="2014">
Harzhauser 
<emphasis box="[482,541,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
) and concluded that besides the slightly thicker peristome and the more rounded aperture (i.e. the parietal region is more curved than in the Caucasian shells), the fossil shells do not differ from the Caucasian extant species. There are several examples (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation author="Domokos, T. &amp; Deli, T. &amp; Varga, A. &amp; Flaviu-Crisan, H. &amp; Balashov, I. &amp; Gheoca, V. &amp; Biatov, A. &amp; Szappanos, B. &amp; Pall-Gergely, B." box="[899,1132,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="459 - 484" refId="ref10640" refString="Domokos, T., Deli, T., Varga, A., Flaviu-Crisan, H., Balashov, I., Gheoca, V., Biatov, A., Szappanos, B. &amp; Pall-Gergely, B. (2018) Distribution of Drobacia banatica (Rossmassler, 1838) over time and space (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae). Brukenthal Acta Musei, 13 (3), 459 - 484." type="journal article" year="2018">
Domokos 
<emphasis box="[1013,1068,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
, but even in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1267,1391,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Aciculidae</taxonomicName>
, see 
<bibRefCitation author="Gittenberger, E." box="[151,357,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref10876" refString="Gittenberger, E. (1990) Frustrating facts about area cladistics and species individuality. Bijdragen tot de dierkunde, 60 (3 - 4), 151 - 154." type="journal article" year="1990">Gittenberger 1990</bibRefCitation>
) when Miocene and extant distributions of the same species are different, but in those cases the fossil and current distributions are not very disjunct with an enormous geographic gap between them. In the present case, due to the huge geographic distance between 
<collectingCountry box="[741,831,259,285]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Czechia</collectingCountry>
and the Caucasus Mountains and the gap of records between the two areas, it is highly unlikely that a Central European Early Miocene species would be identical with an extant species restricted to the Caucasus Region. Moreover, finding only a few morphological differences is not surprising in such a character-poor group. Therefore, we use the name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[954,1154,367,393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[954,1154,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the Caucasian extant species and restrict the name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1861" box="[480,597,403,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
<emphasis box="[480,597,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. limbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the Miocene fossil in 
<collectingCountry box="[886,980,403,429]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Czechia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7635128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7635128/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" startId="9.[151,250,1123,1147]" targetBox="[151,1436,453,1100]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1123,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,278,1123,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName box="[449,609,1123,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis box="[449,526,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Acicula</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the Caucasus Mts. The symbols marked with numbers (1: Surami range, 2: Manglisi, 3: Martkopi, 4: North Ossetia) do not represent georeferenced localities for 
<taxonomicName authority="O. Boettger, 1879" authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[1025,1393,1159,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1025,1205,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
O. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[1243,1393,1160,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Clessin, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Clessin" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,526,1195,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parcelineata">
<emphasis box="[151,362,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Acicula parcelineata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Clessin, S." box="[375,517,1195,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="165 - 167" refId="ref10530" refString="Clessin, S. (1911) Neue Acme - Arten. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 43 (4), 165 - 167." type="journal article" year="1911">Clessin, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1265,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
A sample in the Senckenberg Museum (
<specimenCode box="[639,775,1265,1292]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">SMF 23858</specimenCode>
) was labelled as &quot; 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[973,1236,1266,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zilchi" status="n. sp." subGenus="Acicula">
<emphasis box="[973,1059,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Acicula</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[1074,1160,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Acicula</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[1175,1236,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">zilchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1241,1303,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1241,1303,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<typeStatus box="[1316,1414,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">holotype</typeStatus>
+ 
<typeStatus box="[151,250,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">paratype</typeStatus>
, det. 
<determinerName box="[309,376,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Subai</determinerName>
, 1978&quot;. 
<collectorName box="[467,484,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">It</collectorName>
is probable that 
<collectorName box="[668,796,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Péter Subai</collectorName>
intended to describe it as a new species, but never did so.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1265,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,460,1337,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Selection of a 
<typeStatus box="[359,454,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">neotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[465,641,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger (1879)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[759,894,1338,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[759,894,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on 
<specimenCount box="[1001,1143,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="subadult">two subadult</specimenCount>
specimens from &quot;Kasbek&quot; (Mt. Kazbek). Later, he stated that his material from Mt. Kazbek was mixed with material from the Surami mountain range. Thus, the occurrence of several species at Mt. Kazbek has to be confirmed (
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[1077,1255,1410,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="109 - 150" refId="ref10325" refString="Boettger, O. (1880 a) Kaukasische Mollusken gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder, z. Z. in Tiflis. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 7 (2), 109 - 150, pl. 4." type="journal article" year="1880">Boettger 1880a</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, specimens from Mt. Kazbek or from “Suram” were not found by Frank Walther in the SMF, where Boettger's collection is housed (
<bibRefCitation author="Dance, S. P." box="[384,523,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref10614" refString="Dance, S. P. (1986) A History of Shell Collecting. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 265 pp." type="book" year="1986">Dance 1986</bibRefCitation>
). We note that Boettger determined the material for Leder, who later sold the shells to collectors, however, Boettger usually kept material for himself (Frank Walther, pers. comm.). The designations of 
<typeStatus box="[183,297,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">lectotypes</typeStatus>
from “Manglis” by 
<bibRefCitation author="Zilch, A." box="[531,674,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="123 - 136" refId="ref12933" refString="Zilch, A. (1976) Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 56: Mollusca: Aciculidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107 (1 / 3), 123 - 136." type="journal article" year="1976">Zilch (1976)</bibRefCitation>
and “Martkopi” by 
<bibRefCitation author="Boeters, H. D. &amp; Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P." box="[907,1143,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref10251" refString="Boeters, H. D., Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P. (1989) Die Aciculidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 252, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1989">
Boeters 
<emphasis box="[1001,1059,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
(1989)
</bibRefCitation>
are invalid because these were certainly not part of the type series. Besides the differing locality data, the measurements of the specimens, especially that of the 
<typeStatus box="[408,511,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Zilch, A." box="[692,839,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="123 - 136" refId="ref12933" refString="Zilch, A. (1976) Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 56: Mollusca: Aciculidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107 (1 / 3), 123 - 136." type="journal article" year="1976">Zilch (1976)</bibRefCitation>
, do not fit the shell size mentioned in the original description. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boeters, H. D. &amp; Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P." box="[291,571,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref10251" refString="Boeters, H. D., Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P. (1989) Die Aciculidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 252, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1989">
Boeters 
<emphasis box="[385,443,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
(1989: 74)
</bibRefCitation>
considered the 
<typeStatus box="[752,855,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by them a 
<typeStatus box="[1114,1201,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">syntype</typeStatus>
because “Martkopi” might be attributed to the Kazbek massif. However, Martqopi is separated from Mt. Kazbek by the main chain of the Greater Caucasus. The two alleged 
<typeStatus box="[588,686,1734,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">syntypes</typeStatus>
are probably the vouchers of 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[1018,1208,1734,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="109 - 150" refId="ref10325" refString="Boettger, O. (1880 a) Kaukasische Mollusken gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder, z. Z. in Tiflis. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 7 (2), 109 - 150, pl. 4." type="journal article" year="1880">Boettger (1880a)</bibRefCitation>
who mentioned two newly collected specimens from “Martkopi” in the year after the description of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[1042,1179,1770,1796]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1042,1179,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1265,2012]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
The question is which of the currently recognized Caucasian species was originally described as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[1291,1429,1806,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1291,1429,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: was it the bullet-shaped species (
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[525,619,1842,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="telum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[525,619,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. telum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[627,691,1842,1868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[627,691,1842,1868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) or one of the 'normal' species (
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[1057,1195,1842,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1057,1195,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Clessin" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1234,1407,1842,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parcelineata">
<emphasis box="[1234,1407,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. parcelineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the sense of this paper)? The description of 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[645,823,1878,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger (1879)</bibRefCitation>
is not sufficient to decide which of the two species he was referring to. The following arguments were considered: (1) The lithograph in the original description (
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger, 1879: 41</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1 fig. 7) is more similar to the bullet-shaped species in shell shape, but the aperture shape is more similar to that of the 'normal' species. (2) The shell on the lithograph has relatively widely-spaced grooves on the penultimate whorl, which is more similar to the 'normal' species (especially 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Clessin" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1014,1187,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parcelineata">
<emphasis box="[1014,1187,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. parcelineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), whereas 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[1311,1405,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="telum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[1311,1405,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. telum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
usually has more densely arranged grooves. (3) Clessin, who was more skilled with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Hartmann" authorityYear="1821" box="[1165,1251,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1165,1251,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Acicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and had a large collection, compared 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[393,530,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[393,530,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with “native” (i.e. German) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[852,961,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis box="[852,961,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At that time, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1121,1230,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis box="[1121,1230,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1284,1375,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis box="[1284,1375,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not separated, and it was not known before 
<bibRefCitation author="Steusloff, U." box="[644,827,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="201 - 209" refId="ref12811" refString="Steusloff, U. (1939) Beachtenswerte Funde am Niederrhein und im Sauerlande. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 71, 201 - 209." type="journal article" year="1939">Steusloff (1939)</bibRefCitation>
that 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[885,976,259,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis box="[885,976,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was native to 
<collectingCountry box="[1140,1246,259,285]" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Germany</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[1257,1436,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10288" refString="Boettger, O. (1879) Kaukasische Mollusken, gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder in Paskau. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (1), 1 - 42, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1879">Boettger (1879)</bibRefCitation>
cited Clessin that the upper whorls of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[579,716,295,321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[579,716,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more pointed and more conical and the whorls increase less rapidly. These characters fit much better to the 'normal' species than to the bullet-shaped new species. (4) Later, 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." box="[151,340,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="109 - 150" refId="ref10325" refString="Boettger, O. (1880 a) Kaukasische Mollusken gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder, z. Z. in Tiflis. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 7 (2), 109 - 150, pl. 4." type="journal article" year="1880">Boettger (1880a)</bibRefCitation>
cited specimens that from the measurements (H: 2 
<superScript attach="right" box="[905,913,367,381]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">7</superScript>
/ 
<quantity box="[921,980,367,399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="8.0">
<subScript attach="left" box="[921,929,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">8</subScript>
mm
</quantity>
) belonged surely not to the bullet-shaped species (which is 
<quantity box="[344,505,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.41" metricValueMin="1.89" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.41" valueMin="1.89">1.89–2.41 mm</quantity>
in shell height), but Boettger noted no difference to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[1075,1210,403,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1075,1210,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(H: 
<quantity box="[1258,1321,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
according to the original description). Clessin had probably seen one or both 
<typeStatus box="[921,969,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[1100,1239,439,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1100,1239,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and nevertheless assigned a specimen of 
<quantity box="[419,485,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
to it (
<bibRefCitation author="Clessin, S." box="[552,704,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="129 - 135" refId="ref10503" refString="Clessin, S. (1881) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Molluskenfauna des Caucasus. Malakozoologische Blatter, Neue Folge, 3, 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="1881">Clessin 1881</bibRefCitation>
). (5) Zoogeographical considerations: Currently it seems that the bullet-shaped species is restricted to the northern part of the Caucasus, with the southern-most locality being the Tskhenistskali valley. In contrast, all historical material of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[805,942,547,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[805,942,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected much more in the south (Mt. Kazbek, Surami, Martkopi), from where no 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[645,738,583,609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="telum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[645,738,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. telum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[745,808,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[745,808,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
but only the 'normal' species were found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
This study revealed moreover that 
<bibRefCitation author="Boeters, H. D. &amp; Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P." box="[599,835,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref10251" refString="Boeters, H. D., Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P. (1989) Die Aciculidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 252, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1989">
Boeters 
<emphasis box="[693,752,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
(1989)
</bibRefCitation>
united two Caucasian species (i.e., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[1248,1387,619,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[1248,1387,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,245,655,681]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="telum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[151,245,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. telum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[253,316,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[253,316,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in this paper's sense) under the name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[747,947,655,681]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[747,947,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Acicula moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Namely, figure 55 of 
<bibRefCitation author="Boeters, H. D. &amp; Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P." box="[1204,1436,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref10251" refString="Boeters, H. D., Gittenberger, E. &amp; Subai, P. (1989) Die Aciculidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 252, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1989">
Boeters 
<emphasis box="[1297,1354,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
(1989)
</bibRefCitation>
shows a shell of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[352,492,691,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[352,492,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas fig. 72 shows an undescribed species here described as 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[1263,1359,691,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="telum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[1263,1359,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. telum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1370,1436,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1370,1436,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Furthermore, there is an additional Caucasian species (herein called 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Clessin" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[921,1154,727,753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parcelineata">
<emphasis box="[921,1154,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Acicula parcelineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which cannot be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[375,515,763,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[375,515,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, there is an exceptional need for correction of the nomenclatural problem of Caucasian 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Hartmann" authorityYear="1821" box="[415,501,799,825]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[415,501,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Acicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by designating a 
<typeStatus box="[712,801,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">neotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[854,995,799,825]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[854,995,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The 
<typeStatus box="[1066,1155,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">neotype</typeStatus>
designated herein has a spindle shaped shell and a prosocline aperture, which distinguishes it from all 
<taxonomicName authority="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas, 2023" authorityName="Páll-Gergely &amp; Mumladze &amp; Grego &amp; Giokas" authorityYear="2023" box="[1018,1111,835,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="telum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[1018,1111,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. telum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1117,1179,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1117,1179,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
specimens. The darker colour of the 
<typeStatus box="[306,398,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">neotype</typeStatus>
, the spindle-shape instead of cylindrical shell, and more numerous grooves distinguishes it from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Clessin" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[213,385,907,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parcelineata">
<emphasis box="[213,385,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. parcelineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
The 
<typeStatus box="[251,340,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">neotype</typeStatus>
was collected ca. 
<quantity box="[549,635,943,969]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="km" value="160.0">160 km</quantity>
southeast from the type locality (Mt. Kazbek) and ca. 
<quantity box="[1259,1331,942,969]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="km" value="95.0">95 km</quantity>
from the Surami range (which may be the real locality at which the 
<typeStatus box="[828,926,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" box="[967,1106,979,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis box="[967,1106,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected, see 
<bibRefCitation author="Boettger, O." pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="109 - 150" refId="ref10325" refString="Boettger, O. (1880 a) Kaukasische Mollusken gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder, z. Z. in Tiflis. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 7 (2), 109 - 150, pl. 4." type="journal article" year="1880">Boettger 1880a</bibRefCitation>
). However, these geographic distances are rather small compared to the extent of the distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Boettger" authorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Aciculidae" genus="Acicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moussoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. moussoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(up to ca. 
<quantity box="[385,473,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="km" value="560.0">560 km</quantity>
across its distribution range). The reason why no shells collected closer to the type locality of the Surami range were selected as 
<typeStatus box="[671,760,1087,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">neotype</typeStatus>
is that all those shells were ca. 
<quantity box="[1125,1193,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, whereas the original description mentions 
<quantity box="[392,457,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>