303 lines
32 KiB
XML
303 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303232" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303232" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Metalasius Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus 2022, gen.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1646046328535" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-01-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>47</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:end>151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303232" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<subSubSection box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<heading bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[364,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[179,330,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">ZooBank LSID</emphasis>
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. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC5A1489-C805- 4035-A1C0-3DDBC6E1206D.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[179,304,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Type species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Mei, 1998: 177" authorityName="Mei" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1998" box="[307,620,1278,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
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<emphasis box="[307,471,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius myrmidon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[475,620,1278,1299]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998: 177</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 1–11 (w.). Original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[179,348,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Species included.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Mei, 1998)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[354,606,1337,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon" status="comb.nov.">
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<emphasis box="[354,484,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[498,600,1337,1358]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, †
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<taxonomicName authority="(Mayr, 1868)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb.nov.">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. pumilus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, G." box="[249,362,1367,1388]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,477,1397,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[179,471,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Total clade definition (worker)</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,459,1455,1476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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1. With characters of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[386,456,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,450,1484,1505]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">2. Mandible with 6–8 teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,370,1514,1535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">3. Palp formula 6,4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">4. Basal and masticatory mandibular margins meeting at a weakly oblique angle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">5. Clypeus modified for reception of labrum (specifically, clypeus with anterolateral notches; Note 1).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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6. Frontalcarinae conspicuous,
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<emphasis box="[486,502,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">></emphasis>
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0.5 × anteroposteriorantennal torulus diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">7. Frontal region of head, between antennal toruli strongly bulging, frontalcarinae raised above toruli (Note 2).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,400,1782,1803]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">8. Antenna 12-merous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,658,1812,1833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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9.
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<emphasis box="[204,566,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Third antennomere broader than long</emphasis>
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(Note 3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[162,634,1842,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">10. Compound eyes set at about head midlength.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1006,172,193]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">11. Ocelli absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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12.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Dorsum of head completely without standing setae or with only a few small setae around each posterolateral head corner</emphasis>
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(Note 4).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">13. Mesonotum, metanotum and/or propodeum discontinuous, metanotum undifferentiated medially.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">14. Mesopleural anterodorsal margin, near posterolateral region of pronotum, inconspicuously bulging, this weak shoulder a very narrow groove which traverses the mesosternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">15. Metapleural gland very small, orifice directed almost completely posteriorly (Note 5).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1400,530,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">16. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower 2/3 of propodeum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">17. Legs entirely or almost entirely devoid of standing setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">18. Petiole with raised squamiform node, without posterior elongation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">19. Abdominal tergum III vertical, without deep groove for receiving petiole; not concealing petiole when gaster raised (Note 6).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">20. Tergosternal suture of abdominal segment III not raised dorsally before unfusing near spiracle, rather anterior margin of abdominal sternum III directed anteriorly away from helcium before narrowly curving posteriorly (Note 6).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1348,918,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">21. Pubescence of abdominal terga VI and VII linear.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1029,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<heading bold="true" box="[830,1029,976,998]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[830,1022,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Notes on definition</emphasis>
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:
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[830,898,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 1.</emphasis>
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Modification of the anterior clypeal margin for reception of the labrum is here interpreted as a synapomorphy of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plus the core
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus group. The modification is most easily observed in anterior or anterodorsal view. In most
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[949,1060,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
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, the perceived anterior clypeal margin with the head in full-face view is usually a carina which runs across the clypeus from the lateral clypeal margins.This carina may be raised or otherwise modified; regardless, the carina itself or the anterior region of the clypeus is produced anteriorly, concealing the clypeolabral articulation. In the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[866,969,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[866,969,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus groups, the clypeolabral articulation is usually exposed or nearly exposed laterally by notches in the anterior clypeal carina, although it may be exposed medially where the anterior clypeal carina is absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1278,1424,1445]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[830,900,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 2.</emphasis>
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See Note 1 for the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[830,902,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 3.</emphasis>
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Surprisingly, this distinguishes members of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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genus group from most formicine genera, with the exception of some
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmelachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Myrmelachista</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, various plagiolepidines and the
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<emphasis box="[949,1143,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[949,1077,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">Lasius flavus</taxonomicName>
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group
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName box="[1158,1362,1543,1565]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[1158,1283,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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have a cone-shaped third antennomere, which is usually longer than the diameter of its base (and often apex), except in
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<taxonomicName authority="Agosti et al." authorityName="Agosti et al." class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianeae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">C. dianeae</emphasis>
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Agosti
|
||
<emphasis box="[1018,1067,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for which the length and basal diameter are subequal. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1436,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||
approach having subequal diameter and length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,902,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[909,1021,1722,1743]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, indicated that these standing setae were absent except for one specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,907,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 5.</emphasis>
|
||
This state may be a synapomorphy for the clade consisting of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||
It was not possible to evaluate this with confidence for †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but from the dorsal view of specimen SMFBE1226 on AntWeb, the gland does appear to be small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,220,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 6.</emphasis>
|
||
These characters could not be evaluated with confidence for †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[233,341,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[233,341,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the available material or descriptions.
|
||
<emphasis box="[170,272,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. A combination of the Greek ‘meta-’ (with, across, after) and ‘lásios’ (hairy), in reference to the former placement of the type species. Homophonously forming ‘metal-Asius’, invoking the death of the Trojan leader Asius during the assault on the Archaean wall of Troy. Masculine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis box="[170,271,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. Although, we could not evaluate all of these characters for †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[297,403,501,522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,403,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species is consistently recovered as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[257,386,531,552]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||
<emphasis box="[257,386,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in combined analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[605,667,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, S
|
||
<figureCitation box="[690,733,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">7–S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[733,746,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,256,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,256,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most easily differentiated from both the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[656,718,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,718,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,254,590,611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,254,590,611]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus groups by the combination of mid-set eyes, the posteriorly directed and reduced metapleural gland orifice, raised frontal carinae and almost complete lack of standing setae on the head. In addition, both included species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[652,757,680,701]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,757,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have broad third antennomeres and unusually small bodies relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[262,324,740,761]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[262,324,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,422,739,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141"><</emphasis>
|
||
2 mm in total length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[646,754,739,760]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[151,292,769,790]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |