120 lines
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120 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="777E619551E14E9443D3E5DC2F05B489">Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="046FE0EB116C0D78846B264946A47F18">Gu, Zhangjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FAE4A3E7FF10B798D86D6F3D51DB572E">Ruthensteiner, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77B331D4C603AB07C48076D4E4C27C60">Moura, Carlos J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C3A0D0E4C84656FC9553632C96865F1">Liu, Lihua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="055E8AD977A8907AE8C624FAEEBDEBDA">Zhang, Rui</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B4128A32FF9DFFA1BFADF976FBD5FC5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7036981" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199898700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7036981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4128A32FF9DFFA1BFADF976FBD5FC5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4128A32FF9DFFA1BFADF976FBD5FC5D" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="74A168AFFF9DFFA1BFADF976FD22F946" box="[237,704,1698,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF9DFFA1BFADF976FD22F946" blockId="8.[237,704,1698,1723]" box="[237,704,1698,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="674C8C48FF9DFFA1BFADF976FD22F946" box="[237,704,1698,1723]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" reason="8">
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FAMILY
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF9DFFA1BE0AF976FD22F946" ID-CoL="7NLLQ" authority="QUELCH, 1885" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[330,704,1698,1723]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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ZYGOPHYLACIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF9DFFA1BD5BF976FD22F946" author="Quelch JJ" box="[539,704,1698,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref21922" refString="Quelch JJ. 1885. On some deep-sea and shallow-water Hydrozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 16: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1885">QUELCH, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="74A168AFFF9DFFA1BFE3F91FFBD5FC5D" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF9DFFA1BFE3F91FFA9FFDD1" blockId="8.[163,778,1738,1914]" lastBlockId="8.[827,1443,197,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF9DFFA1BFE3F91FFECFF91D" box="[163,301,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Solitary hydrothecae arising from hydrorhiza directly, or erect, pinnate or flabellate colonies, with polysiphonic hydrocauli in most species, otherwise monosiphonic. Hydrocladia mostly arranged in one plane, alternate to subopposite. Hydrothecae mostly tubular, seldom campanulate or subuliform, with short to long pedicel, with one or two diaphragms, with or without indentation (intrathecal projections) at distal part of the hydrothecae, and with one to numerous nematothecae on hydrocauli, hydrocladia and/or apophyses of hydrocladia. Gonothecae congregate to form coppiniae on stem or its hydrocladia; coppiniae with or without defensive tubes, the latter occasionally provided with hydrothecae or nematothecae. Individual gonothecae solitary or adnate, generally elongate or ovoid, seldom flask- or carrot-shaped, apices either with a circular aperture or with one to three straight or curved short tubes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF9DFFA1BC7BFD8CFBD5FC5D" blockId="8.[827,1444,600,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF9DFFA1BC7BFD8CFC4AFD90" box="[827,936,600,621]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">Remarks:</emphasis>
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Molecular data contributed by the present study support the genetic distinction and validity of the family
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF9DFFA1BC83FD41FB9DFD56" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[963,1151,661,683]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Zygophylacidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF9DFFA1BBD2FD41FB0EFD57" box="[1170,1260,661,683]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[145,226,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[337,1233,198,1617]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@29.[337,1233,198,1617]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses with concatenated partial sequences of the 16S, 18S and 28S rRNA genes (5446 bp after multiple alignments) using the GTR+I+G model. Numbers near the nodes indicate bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability values. Values lower than 50 or 0.5 were omitted and labelled with ‘<’. The scale bar represents 0.1 substitutions per site. Bayesian analyses using the GTR+I+G model. Sequences of species in bold were contributed by this study. ‘+’ (or ‘-’) indicates the families, or superfamily, use (or not) of opercular flaps or nematothecae as the protective strategies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035384/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">Figs 21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF9DFFA1BBBDFD41FAFBFD57" box="[1277,1305,661,682]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="30.[164,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[355,1252,195,1636]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@30.[495,1224,195,1636]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 22. Phylogenetic analyses derived from partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene (548 bp after multiple alignments). A, B, maximum likelihood analyses using the TIM2+I+G model; C, Bayesian analyses using the GTR+I+G model. A, with phylogram topology, the scale bar represents 0.2 substitutions per site; B, C, with transform cladogram topology. Numbers near the nodes indicate bootstrap or Bayesian posterior probability values, values lower than 50 or 0.5 were omitted; numbers alongside the taxa names indicate the last four digits of the GenBank accession numbers. Different topologies between different phylogenetic analyses in B and C are shown in colour. Sequences of taxa in bold are contributed by this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035388/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">22</figureCitation>
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). Based on specimens examined in this study and morphological diagnoses proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF9DFFA1BB78FD07FADAFD15" author="Rees WJ & Vervoort W" box="[1080,1336,723,744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref22051" refString="Rees WJ, Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF9DFFA1BA01FD07FC66FCFB" author="Vervoort W" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" pagination="83 - 103" refId="ref22993" refString="Vervoort W. 1987. Evaluation of taxonomic characters in the Hydroida, particularly in the Thecata (= Leptomedusae). In: Bouillon J, Boero F, Cicogna F, Cornelius PFS, eds. Modern trends in the systematics, ecology and evolution of hydroids and hydromedusae. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 83 - 103." type="book chapter" year="1987">Vervoort (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF9DFFA1BCFFFD25FB60FCFA" author="Cornelius PFS" box="[959,1154,753,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref20770" refString="Cornelius PFS. 1995. North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part I: Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna 50: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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, both zygophylacids and lafoeids have similar tubular hydrothecae. However, they differ in the fact that nematothecae and hydrothecal diaphragms are commonly present in
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF9DFFA1BC7BFCB8FC0CFC7F" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[827,1006,876,898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Zygophylacidae</taxonomicName>
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, but are absent in
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF9DFFA1BB84FCB8FAD1FC7F" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1869" box="[1220,1331,876,898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Lafoeidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF9DFFA1BA03FCB8FC4BFC5D" author="Bouillon J & Gravili C & Pages F & Gili JM & Boero F" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref20427" refString="Bouillon J, Gravili C, Pages F, Gili JM, Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 194: 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Bouillon
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF9DFFA1BC7BFC59FC8EFC62" box="[827,876,908,927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
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2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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; this study).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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