treatments-xml/data/95/27/87/9527878A2766AA2E68ADFEC8CDF5FD6C.xml

<document id="F2E44F77A70E4322BC56605275C44DDA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e048e8a-640d-4326-9a43-355353600ca0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177452" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459860991261" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2007" docId="9527878A2766AA2E68ADFEC8CDF5FD6C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01521p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1521" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Myiopharus neilli O’Hara, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="691EFFF22765AA27683AFF97C939FFFE" masterDocTitle="A new species of Myiopharus Brauer and Bergenstamm (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitic on adults of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (Fabricius)" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698226076270" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D78FE539C552D8731B37B4E3D81ED91B">A new species of Myiopharus Brauer and Bergenstamm (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitic on adults of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (Fabricius)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8B8F4CFBE47F1FC9AFE5189B752E3A1">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B1CE19403F3DDC9B80B3ADFF670A9C90">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9527878A2766AA2E68ADFEC8CDF5FD6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6244034" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119368193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6244034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9527878A2766AA2E68ADFEC8CDF5FD6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9527878A2766AA2E68ADFEC8CDF5FD6C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="559465172766AA2468ADFEC8C86CFE62" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468ADFEC8C8EAFE87" blockId="3.[151,467,351,412]" box="[151,467,351,377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="467981F02766AA2468ADFEC8C8EAFE87" bold="true" box="[151,467,351,377]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADFEC8C8EAFE87" bold="true" box="[151,467,351,377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA2468ADFEC8C856FE87" ID-CoL="452YT" box="[151,367,351,377]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADFEC8C856FE87" bold="true" box="[151,367,351,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Myiopharus neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34C957F52766AA24694CFEC8C8EAFE87" box="[374,467,351,377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468ADFE15C86CFE62" blockId="3.[151,467,351,412]" box="[151,341,386,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<figureCitation id="85B52A192766AA2468ADFE15C868FE62" box="[151,337,386,412]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStart-2="FIGURES 12 – 14" captionStartId-0="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,269,1798,1822]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,229,1749]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1433,556,1916]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1750]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1436,540,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 11. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 7. Left lateral view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Posterior view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Puparium. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 10. Posterior and slightly dorsal view of posterior spiracular discs of puparium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 11. Puparium within remains of host, Zygogramma exclamationis. Beetle is typically decapitated between prothorax and mesothorax. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 12 – 14. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 12. Posterior view of male terminalia, vestiture omitted. 13. Left lateral view of male terminalia. 14. Male sternum 5. Scale bar for all figures = 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/177454/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/177455/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 1–3, 6–14</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="559465172766AA2468ADFE45C82CFDF7" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468ADFE45C82CFDF7" blockId="3.[151,1436,466,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
Cited as “ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA24693BFE45C8BBFE17" box="[257,386,466,489]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA24693BFE45C8BBFE17" box="[257,386,466,489]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Myiopharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.” in 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2766AA2469ECFE45CB65FE17" author="Neill" box="[470,604,466,489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Neill, G. B. (1982) Bionomics of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and its parasites in Manitoba. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 302 pp." type="book" year="1982">Neill (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2766AA246A5DFE45CA3FFE17" author="Charlet" box="[615,774,466,489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Charlet, L. D. (1992) Seasonal abundance and parasitism of the sunflower beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on cultivated sunflower in the northern Great Plains. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 766 - 771." type="journal article" year="1992">Charlet (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2766AA246B28FE45CA88FE17" author="Charlet" box="[786,945,466,489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Charlet, L. D. (1999) Biological control of sunflower pests: searching for parasitoids in native Helianthus - challenges, constraints, and potential. In: Charlet, L. D. &amp; Brewer, G. J. (Eds.), Biological control of native or indigenous insect pests: challenges, constraints, and potential. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Proceedings, pp. 91 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1999">Charlet (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2766AA246B86FE45CDACFE17" box="[956,1173,466,489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Knodel, J. J., Charlet, L. D. &amp; Glogoza, P. A. (2000) Biology and pest management of the sunflower beetle in North Dakota. North Dakota State University Extension Bulletin E- 824. 8 pp." type="book">
Knodel 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246C28FE45CD71FE17" box="[1042,1096,466,489]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2766AA246CF0FE45C828FDF7" author="Brewer" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Brewer, G. J. &amp; Charlet, L. D. (2004) Sunflower beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): pattern of larval distribution and parasitism in cultivated sunflower fields. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77, 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="2004">Brewer and Charlet (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="559465172766AA2468ADFDADC9D7FCE2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468ADFDADCBB2FD5A" blockId="3.[151,1437,570,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADFDADC829FDAA" bold="true" box="[151,272,570,596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="C235883E2766AA2468ADFDADC832FDAA" box="[151,267,570,596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Male, labelled: “ 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA2469DDFDADCB7BFDAA" box="[487,578,570,596]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Canada</collectingCountry>
Manitoba/ Lowe Farm/ 
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246B4EFDADCAECFDAA" box="[884,981,570,596]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="49.35">49°21'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246BDBFDADCD7EFDAA" box="[993,1095,570,596]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-97.583336">97°35'W</geoCoordinate>
/ G.B. Neill”, “ex. adult of/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA2468ADFDF5C80AFD85" box="[151,307,610,635]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADFDF5C80AFD85" box="[151,307,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Zygogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246979FDF5C8DFFD85" box="[323,486,610,635]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246979FDF5C8DFFD85" box="[323,486,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ [host] coll. 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246A47FDF5CA39FD82" box="[637,768,610,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1977-08-09">9.viii.1977</date>
”, “ 
<typeStatus id="C235883E2766AA246B18FDF5CA86FD82" box="[802,959,610,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246BEAFDF5CD64FD82" box="[976,1117,610,636]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myiopharus</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246C54FDF5CD90FD82" box="[1134,1193,610,636]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">neilli</taxonomicName>
/ O'Hara [red label]” (
<collectionCode id="7B9FAE592766AA2468A5FD1DC9D8FD5A" box="[159,225,650,676]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">CNC</collectionCode>
). Puparium pinned below specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468FCFD25C9D7FCE2" blockId="3.[151,1437,570,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468FCFD25C80EFD32" bold="true" box="[198,311,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Allotype.</emphasis>
Female, labelled: “ 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA246A24FD25CB40FD32" box="[542,633,690,716]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Canada</collectingCountry>
Manitoba/ Rosenfeld/ 
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246BB0FD25CAD3FD32" box="[906,1002,690,716]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="49.2">49°12'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246BC9FD25CD60FD32" box="[1011,1113,690,716]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-97.55">97°33'W</geoCoordinate>
/ G.B. Neill”, “ex. adult of/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA2468ADFD4DC80AFD0D" box="[151,307,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADFD4DC80AFD0D" box="[151,307,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Zygogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA24697FFD4DC8D1FD0D" box="[325,488,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA24697FFD4DC8D1FD0D" box="[325,488,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ [host] coll. 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246ABDFD4DCBCCFD0A" box="[647,757,730,756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1977-08">viii.1977</date>
”, “ALLOTYPE/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246BFCFD4DCD6AFD0A" box="[966,1107,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myiopharus</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246C5CFD4DCD9BFD0A" box="[1126,1186,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">neilli</taxonomicName>
/ O'Hara [red label]” (
<collectionCode id="7B9FAE592766AA2468A5FC95C9D8FCE2" box="[159,225,770,796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">CNC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="559465172766AA2468FCFCBDCC5EFA8A" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468FCFCBDCDC8FBA2" blockId="3.[151,1437,570,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468FCFCBDC872FCBA" bold="true" box="[198,331,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="C235883E2766AA2468FCFCBDC87FFCBA" box="[198,326,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
22ɗɗ, 23ΨΨ, all in CNC except as otherwise noted. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246BDDFCBDCDC4FCBA" bold="true" box="[999,1277,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA246BDDFCBDCD51FCBA" box="[999,1128,810,836]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">CANADA</collectingCountry>
. Manitoba:
</emphasis>
Lowe Farm, 
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA2468ADFCC5C9CEFC92" box="[151,247,850,876]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="49.35">49°21'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA24693BFCC5C850FC92" box="[257,361,850,876]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-97.583336">97°35'W</geoCoordinate>
, G.B. Neill, ex. adult 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246A4AFCC5CA0DFC95" box="[624,820,850,875]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246A4AFCC5CA0DFC95" box="[624,820,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, host coll. 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246B86FCC5CD07FC92" box="[956,1086,850,876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1977-08-09">9.viii.1977</date>
, 6ɗɗ (3 with puparia), 2ΨΨ; same data except 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246951FCEDC8C2FC6A" box="[363,507,890,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1977-08-12">12.viii.1977</date>
, 3ɗɗ (all with puparia); Rosenfeld, 
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246B95FCEDCD36FC6A" box="[943,1039,890,916]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="49.2">49°12'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246C22FCEDCDB9FC6A" box="[1048,1152,890,916]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-97.55">97°33'W</geoCoordinate>
, G.B. Neill, ex. adult 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246DBEFCEDC803FC45" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246DBEFCEDC803FC45" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, host coll. 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246981FC35CB7BFC42" box="[443,578,930,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1975-08-01">viii.1975, 1</date>
Ψ (with puparium and host remains); same data except 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246CF3FC35CC03FC42" box="[1225,1338,930,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1975-09-05">5.ix.1975</date>
, 8ɗɗ (3 with puparia including 1 with host remains), 6ΨΨ (2 with puparia and host remains); same data except 
<date id="6930105C2766AA2468ADFC65C81EFBF2" box="[151,295,1010,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1976-08-20">20.viii.1976</date>
, 1Ψ (with puparium and host remains); same data except 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246BE9FC65CD62FBF2" box="[979,1115,1010,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1977-08-01">viii.1977, 1</date>
ɗ, 3ΨΨ (1 with puparium); St. Jean, 
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA24693BFB8DC858FBCA" box="[257,353,1050,1076]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="49.266666">49°16'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246950FB8DC8E8FBCA" box="[362,465,1050,1076]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-97.35">97°21'W</geoCoordinate>
, G.B. Neill, ex. adult 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246AEAFB8DCAABFBCD" box="[720,914,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246AEAFB8DCAABFBCD" box="[720,914,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, host coll. 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246C2FFB8DCDA7FBCA" box="[1045,1182,1050,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1977-07-22">22.vii.1977</date>
, 1ɗ (with puparium); same data except 
<date id="6930105C2766AA24695CFBD5C8D1FBA2" box="[358,488,1090,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1977-08-05">5.viii.1977</date>
, 3ɗɗ (all with puparia, 1 with host remains), 1Ψ (with puparium).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468FCFBFDCC5EFA8A" blockId="3.[151,1437,570,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468FCFBFDC8AAFB7A" bold="true" box="[198,403,1130,1156]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA2468FCFBFDC83AFB7A" box="[198,259,1130,1156]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
. Colorado:
</emphasis>
Gunnison Co., Gothie, 9500', 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246B35FBFDCAAEFB7A" box="[783,919,1130,1156]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1961-07-30">30.vii.1961</date>
, J.G. Chillcott, 1Ψ. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246CB4FBFDCC25FB7A" bold="true" box="[1166,1308,1130,1156]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Minnesota:</emphasis>
Clay Co., Hawley Plots, 
<date id="6930105C2766AA24697CFB05C8F7FB52" box="[326,462,1170,1196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1987-07-28">28.vii.1987</date>
, V. Beregovoy, taken from sunflower emergence trap, 1Ψ (NDSU); 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA246CC0FB05CC5BFB52" box="[1274,1378,1170,1196]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Marshall</collectingCountry>
Co., Warren, L. Charlet, T. Gross &amp; J. Barker, ex. 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246A86FB2CCDB4FB2A" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[700,1165,1210,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246A86FB2CCD3DFB2A" box="[700,1028,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Zygogramma exclamationis</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246C87FB2CCCA2FB2A" box="[1213,1435,1211,1236]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246C87FB2CCCA2FB2A" box="[1213,1435,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Helianthus annuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., host coll. 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246908FB75C88AFB02" box="[306,435,1250,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1985-06-14">14.vi.1985</date>
, parasitoid emerged 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246A9FFB75CBD6FB02" box="[677,751,1250,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1986-01">i.1986</date>
(in lab), 1ɗ, 1Ψ (NDSU). 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246C12FB75CDE6FB02" bold="true" box="[1064,1247,1250,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">North Dakota:</emphasis>
Cass Co., Prosper Sunflower Plot, 
<date id="6930105C2766AA2469BDFA9DCB29FADA" box="[391,528,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1995-07-27">27.vii.1995</date>
, L. Charlet &amp; T. Gross, taken on head of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246C38FA9CCD42FADA" box="[1026,1147,1291,1316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246C38FA9CCD42FADA" box="[1026,1147,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">H. annuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1Ψ (NDSU); Cass Co., east of 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA2468C0FAA5C863FAB2" box="[250,346,1330,1356]" name="Armenia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Amenia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA246954FAA5C8DCFAB2" box="[366,485,1330,1356]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="47.001667">47°00.1'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="78BA505B2766AA2469C9FAA5CB48FAB2" box="[499,625,1330,1356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="-97.113335">97°06.8'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246ABEFAA5CA35FAB2" box="[644,780,1330,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2004-07-20">20.vii.2004</date>
, J.E. O’Hara, on 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246BCFFAA4CD4CFAB2" box="[1013,1141,1331,1356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246BCFFAA4CD4CFAB2" box="[1013,1141,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">H. annuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1Ψ; same data except 
<date id="6930105C2766AA2468ADFACDC826FA8A" box="[151,287,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2004-07-21">21.vii.2004</date>
, 4ΨΨ; same data except 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246A05FACDCBF1FA8A" box="[575,712,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2004-07-22">22.vii.2004</date>
, 2ΨΨ. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246B22FACDCAF4FA8A" bold="true" box="[792,973,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">South Dakota:</emphasis>
Tripp Co., Winner, 
<date id="6930105C2766AA246C83FACDCC0BFA8A" box="[1209,1330,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1924-07-03">3.vii.1924</date>
, 1Ψ.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="559465172766AA2168ADFA3CCD5BFC2C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468ADFA3CC82DFA3A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1451,1556]" box="[151,276,1451,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADFA3CC82DFA3A" box="[151,276,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468FCFA45CA7EF9EA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1451,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
Named for Garnet B. Neill, who elucidated the biology of this species in his Ph.D. dissertation (
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2766AA246D5AFA45C9EAF9EA" author="Neill" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Neill, G. B. (1982) Bionomics of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and its parasites in Manitoba. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 302 pp." type="book" year="1982">Neill 1982</bibRefCitation>
) and reared many of the specimens in the 
<typeStatus id="C235883E2766AA246AF9FA6DCBCFF9EA" box="[707,758,1530,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468ADF9DCC81CF99A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1611,1996]" box="[151,293,1611,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADF9DCC81CF99A" box="[151,293,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Recognition</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2766AA2468FCF9E5CA0AF832" blockId="3.[151,1437,1611,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
This species is easily recognized in the female sex as a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246C30F9E4CDA8F972" box="[1034,1169,1651,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246C30F9E4CDA8F972" box="[1034,1169,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the presence of two distinctive features: a dense tuft of closely appressed setae on the ventral portion of the katepisternum (
<figureCitation id="85B52A192766AA2468A5F955C9C8F922" box="[159,241,1730,1756]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), and a laterally flattened and apically rounded ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="85B52A192766AA246BC6F955CD4DF922" box="[1020,1140,1730,1756]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 7. Left lateral view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Posterior view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Puparium. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 10. Posterior and slightly dorsal view of posterior spiracular discs of puparium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 11. Puparium within remains of host, Zygogramma exclamationis. Beetle is typically decapitated between prothorax and mesothorax. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
) (see discussion under 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA2468ADF97CC8B2F8FA" box="[151,395,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2468ADF97CC8B2F8FA" box="[151,395,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Myiopharus dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group). The female is readily separated from females of the other known species of the group by its broader parafacial and vertex. The widths of the parafacial and vertex are about equal in the females of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246922F8ACC8F8F8AA" box="[280,449,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246922F8ACC8F8F8AA" box="[280,449,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA2469F5F8ACCB6DF8AA" box="[463,596,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2469F5F8ACCB6DF8AA" box="[463,596,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246AAEF8ACCA34F8AA" box="[660,781,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246AAEF8ACCA34F8AA" box="[660,781,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. securis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(these comprising the other members of the 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246D2DF8ACCCA4F8AA" box="[1303,1437,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246D2DF8ACCCA4F8AA" box="[1303,1437,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA24693EF8F5C850F882" box="[260,361,1890,1916]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
north of 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2766AA2469E0F8F5CB0CF882" box="[474,565,1890,1916]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Mexico</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="85B52A192766AA246A75F8F5CBA0F882" box="[591,665,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246A9DF8F4CA14F882" box="[679,813,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246A9DF8F4CA14F882" box="[679,813,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and noticeably narrower than in 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246CF7F8F4CC0BF882" box="[1229,1330,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246CF7F8F4CC0BF882" box="[1229,1330,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="85B52A192766AA246D7EF8F5CCB4F882" box="[1348,1421,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Females of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246924F81CC8B9F85A" box="[286,384,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246924F81CC8B9F85A" box="[286,384,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246982F81CCB04F85A" box="[440,573,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246982F81CCB04F85A" box="[440,573,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a black scutellum, in contrast to a more yellowish scutellum (at least apically) in the females of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA2469EAF824CB40F832" box="[464,633,1971,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA2469EAF824CB40F832" box="[464,633,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2766AA246A88F824CA15F832" box="[690,812,1971,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2766AA246A88F824CA15F832" box="[690,812,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">M. securis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="49F166142761AA2368ADF881CD95F846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2761AA2368ADF881CD95F846" blockId="4.[151,1436,1814,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA2368ADF881C85BF8D0" bold="true" box="[151,354,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 1–6. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2761AA236956F881CB14F8D3" box="[364,557,1814,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236956F881CB14F8D3" box="[364,557,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Myiopharus neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34C957F52761AA236A0CF881CBB4F8D3" box="[566,653,1814,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236D21F881CC16F8D0" bold="true" box="[1307,1327,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2761AA236D02F881CCACF8D3" box="[1336,1429,1814,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236D02F881CCACF8D3" box="[1336,1429,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236B24F8AECA0BF8AF" bold="true" box="[798,818,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2761AA236B03F8AECAABF8AE" box="[825,914,1849,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236B03F8AECAABF8AE" box="[825,914,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA23693DF8CCC823F88D" bold="true" box="[263,282,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2761AA236919F8CBC8A7F88D" box="[291,414,1884,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236919F8CBC8A7F88D" box="[291,414,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236BF1F8CCCAE7F88D" bold="true" box="[971,990,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2761AA236BDCF8CBCDB8F88D" box="[998,1153,1884,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236BDCF8CBCDB8F88D" box="[998,1153,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">M. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2761AA236A42F8E9CBC0F86B" box="[632,761,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236A42F8E9CBC0F86B" box="[632,761,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Myiopharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (image courtesy of S.A. Marshall). 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236CF5F8E9CDDBF868" bold="true" box="[1231,1250,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2761AA236CD0F8E9CC7DF86B" box="[1258,1348,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2761AA236CD0F8E9CC7DF86B" box="[1258,1348,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2761AA2368ADF853CC7EF825" blockId="4.[151,1436,1814,2011]" box="[151,1351,1988,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Abbreviations: cx 2, mid coxa; kepst, katepisternum; pc orb s, proclinate orbital setae; sbvb s, subvibrissal setae.</paragraph>
<caption id="49F166142760AA2268ADF891CD45F87B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177454/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,229,1749]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2760AA2268ADF891CD45F87B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1798,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA2268ADF891C869F8E0" bold="true" box="[151,336,1798,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 7–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2760AA226963F891CB20F8E3" box="[345,537,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA226963F891CB20F8E3" box="[345,537,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Myiopharus neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34C957F52760AA226A18F891CB4FF8E3" box="[546,630,1798,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA226A44F891CBA8F8E0" bold="true" box="[638,657,1798,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">7.</emphasis>
Left lateral view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA226D25F891CC0DF8E0" bold="true" box="[1311,1332,1798,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">8.</emphasis>
Posterior view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA226AB1F8BECBA7F8BF" bold="true" box="[651,670,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">9.</emphasis>
Puparium. Scale bar = 1.0mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA226BCBF8BECD2BF8BF" bold="true" box="[1009,1042,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">10.</emphasis>
Posterior and slightly dorsal view of posterior spiracular discs of puparium. Scale bar = 0.2mm. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA226B28F8DCCA09F89D" bold="true" box="[786,816,1867,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">11.</emphasis>
Puparium within remains of host, 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2760AA226C9FF8DBC9EBF87B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2760AA226C9FF8DBC9EBF87B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Zygogramma exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Beetle is typically decapitated between prothorax and mesothorax. Scale bar = 1.0mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2760AA2268ADF804CAA7F854" blockId="5.[151,1436,1798,1962]" box="[151,926,1939,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Abbreviations: a spr, anterior spiracle; p spr ds, posterior spiracular disc.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2763AA2168FCFF0FCD5BFC2C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
The male of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216958FF0FC8FEFF4F" box="[354,455,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216958FF0FC8FEFF4F" box="[354,455,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar in coloration to the female, unlike in other members of the 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216D2EFF0FCCA5FF4F" box="[1300,1436,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216D2EFF0FCCA5FF4F" box="[1300,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in which the parafacial and frons of males are silvery and the thorax is black (
<figureCitation id="85B52A192763AA216CB3FF57CDEBFF24" box="[1161,1234,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216CDAFF57CCB2FF27" box="[1248,1419,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216CDAFF57CCB2FF27" box="[1248,1419,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This sexual dimorphism is common among 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216AA1FF7FCA10FEFF" box="[667,809,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216AA1FF7FCA10FEFF" box="[667,809,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Myiopharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216BF3FF7FCD76FEFF" box="[969,1103,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216BF3FF7FCD76FEFF" box="[969,1103,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group cannot be recognized in males, although the male of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA2169C4FE87CB58FED7" box="[510,609,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA2169C4FE87CB58FED7" box="[510,609,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a denser group of setae on the ventral portion of the katepisternum than males of most other 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216985FEAFCB74FEAF" box="[447,589,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216985FEAFCB74FEAF" box="[447,589,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Myiopharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The following combination of character states will serve to distinguish the male of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA2169B0FEF7C8D4FE87" box="[394,493,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA2169B0FEF7C8D4FE87" box="[394,493,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from males of all other 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216B31FEF7CAA0FE87" box="[779,921,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216B31FEF7CAA0FE87" box="[779,921,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Myiopharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2763AA216C21FEF7CDB9FE84" box="[1051,1152,352,378]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">America</collectingCountry>
north of 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2763AA216CD4FEF7CC71FE84" box="[1262,1352,352,378]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Mexico</collectingCountry>
except for 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA2168F8FE1FC8D0FE5C" authority="Townsend" authorityName="Townsend" box="[194,489,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA2168F8FE1FC86CFE5F" box="[194,341,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. aberrans</emphasis>
(Townsend)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216A1FFE1FCB9CFE5F" box="[549,677,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurca">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216A1FFE1FCB9CFE5F" box="[549,677,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. trifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(van der Wulp): thoracic dorsum viewed from above gray with four thin black vittae (dorsum not solidly black), facial ridge with setae and decumbent hairs on less than lower half (not with semi-erect setae on more than lower half), median discal setae present on abdominal tergites 3 and 4 (not lacking median discals on one or both tergites), three katepisternal setae (not two, with lower seta missing), and no sex patch on abdominal tergites 4 and/or 5. Males of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216C24FDBFCDBAFDBF" box="[1054,1155,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216C24FDBFCDBAFDBF" box="[1054,1155,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the widespread 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216D46FDBFC838FD97" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216D46FDBFC838FD97" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. aberrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not bear much resemblance to one another despite sharing the aforementioned characteristics. The male of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216915FDEFC8ADFD6F" box="[303,404,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216915FDEFC8ADFD6F" box="[303,404,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from that of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216B3AFDEFCAABFD6F" box="[768,914,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216B3AFDEFCAABFD6F" box="[768,914,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. aberrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: abdominal tergites 3 and 4 with white pruinosity on anterior two-thirds to three-quarters (slightly yellowish and uniformly pruinose over all of tergites 3 and 
<quantity id="DA769B792763AA216901FD5FC851FD1C" box="[315,360,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216955FD5FC8C6FD1F" box="[367,511,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216955FD5FC8C6FD1F" box="[367,511,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. aberrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), vertex broader (approximately one-third head width in 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216CA6FD5FCDC6FD1F" box="[1180,1279,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216CA6FD5FCDC6FD1F" box="[1180,1279,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[see description below] and one-quarter head width in 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216AADFD67CA13FCF7" box="[663,810,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216AADFD67CA13FCF7" box="[663,810,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. aberrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[0.24–0.28 head width, m=0.26, n=10]), and ocellar setae thin but well developed (scarcely differentiated from ocellar hairs in 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216BC6FC8FCDB4FCCF" box="[1020,1165,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216BC6FC8FCDB4FCCF" box="[1020,1165,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. aberrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The male of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216D03FC8FCCA5FCCF" box="[1337,1436,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216D03FC8FCCA5FCCF" box="[1337,1436,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar in appearance to that of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216A0BFCD7CB8BFCA7" box="[561,690,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurca">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216A0BFCD7CB8BFCA7" box="[561,690,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. trifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from it in having a slightly broader parafacial and vertex (vertex 0.26–0.31 head width, m=0.29, n= 
<quantity id="DA769B792763AA216AE3FCFFCA2BFC7C" box="[729,786,872,898]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216B20FCFFCAA3FC7F" box="[794,922,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurca">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216B20FCFFCAA3FC7F" box="[794,922,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. trifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a denser group of setae on the ventral portion of the katepisternum (sparsely setose in 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216AE7FC07CA66FC57" box="[733,863,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurca">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216AE7FC07CA66FC57" box="[733,863,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. trifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216B41FC07CD55FC57" box="[891,1132,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurca">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216B41FC07CD55FC57" box="[891,1132,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Myiopharus trifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently known from 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2763AA2168ADFC2FC9CDFC2C" box="[151,244,952,978]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Arizona and New 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2763AA2169EFFC2FCB0BFC2C" box="[469,562,952,978]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, which is south of the known range of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA216BC2FC2FCD62FC2F" box="[1016,1115,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA216BC2FC2FCD62FC2F" box="[1016,1115,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="559465172763AA2F68ADFB9FC9F7FBB4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2763AA2168ADFB9FC81BFBDF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1032,2018]" box="[151,290,1032,1057]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA2168ADFB9FC81BFBDF" box="[151,290,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2763AA2168FCFBA7CA82FBB4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1032,2018]" box="[198,955,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
Male habitus, 
<figureCitation id="85B52A192763AA216957FBA7C88AFBB4" box="[365,435,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
. Female habitus, 
<figureCitation id="85B52A192763AA216ABBFBA7CBFEFBB4" box="[641,711,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
. Length 
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2763AA2168FCFBCFC89AF934" blockId="6.[151,1437,1032,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA2168FCFBCFC83FFB8F" box="[198,262,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Head</emphasis>
. Not sexually dimorphic. Parafacial silvery white (male without the silvery reflective sheen found in the males of some 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2763AA21694BFB17C8C6FB67" box="[369,511,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA21694BFB17C8C6FB67" box="[369,511,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Myiopharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species). Fronto-orbital plate concolorous with parafacial or with golden tinge. Genal groove yellowish orange when viewed from certain angles. Aristomere 3 mostly yellowish brown, rest of antenna mostly black. Maxillary palpus yellow apically, darker basally. Eye moderately to densely haired, 0.74–0.80 head height (m=0.77, n= 
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male; m=0.77, n= 
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female). Flagellomere 1 slender, ending well above vibrissa, 3 times longer than wide. Vertex broad in both sexes, at narrowest point 0.32–0.38 head width (m=0.35, n= 
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male; m=0.35, n= 
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female). Aristomere 1 short. Aristomere 2 scarcely longer than wide. Aristomere 3 slightly longer than flagellomere 1, evenly tapered to tip. Fronto-orbital plate with 5–8 frontal setae and 1 strong reclinate inner orbital seta that is subequal in size to outer orbital setae; lowermost frontal seta about level with apex of pedicel. Two strong proclinate outer orbital setae in both sexes. Ocellar seta somewhat thin. Outer vertical seta varied from slightly to well developed, larger than setae of postocular row. Inner vertical setae strong, parallel to one another or slightly convergent. Parafacial bare, noticeably wider than width of flagellomere 1. Facial ridge with setae and decumbent hairs decreasing in size dorsally, haired on less than half of its length. Vibrissa situated above lower margin of head. Lower facial margin not protruding beyond vibrissal angle when viewed in profile. Maxillary palpus clavate. Prementum and labella about as long as flagellomere 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2763AA2068FCF94FC9E0FE32" blockId="6.[151,1437,1032,2018]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,460]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2763AA2168FCF94FC822F90F" box="[198,283,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Thorax</emphasis>
. Black in ground color, dorsum not sexually dimorphic and with moderate white pruinosity (appearing gray against black ground color) except for 4 black vittae, inner pair of vittae thin and continuous across transverse suture, outer pair broad and interrupted anterior to suture. Legs black in fresh specimens, faded to reddish black in older museum specimens. Prosternum usually sparsely haired, rarely bare (ca. 10% of specimens). Postpronotum with 3 setae arranged in a triangle. Three postsutural acrostichal setae. Three postsutural dorsocentral setae. First postsutural supra-alar weak. Katepisternum with 2 strong setae and usually a weak third seta just below and behind anteriormost seta; in male densely setose medially in front of mid coxa, female with an even denser tuft of closely appressed, parallel-sided, and somewhat blunt-tipped setae in this area (
<figureCitation id="85B52A192762AA206930FF57C86BFF24" box="[266,338,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Mid coxa without modified setae. Mid tibia with 1 strong anterodorsal seta. 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2762AA206CD0FF57CC1CFF24" box="[1258,1317,192,218]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia with anterodorsal setae uneven in length and not closely spaced. Tarsal claws not longer than 5th tarsomere. Upper and lower calypters white and often with slight yellowish tinge. Wing vein 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2762AA206C3EFE87CD2FFED7" box="[1028,1046,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">R</emphasis>
4+5 dorsally with 1 to several hairs at base. Vein 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2762AA206901FEACC86AFEAA" box="[315,339,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">M</emphasis>
smoothly curved at bend and ending anterior to wing tip. Scutellum with 1 pair of widely spaced discal setae, a pair each of well developed basal, lateral and divergent subapical setae (subapicals strongest followed by basals and then laterals), and a pair of crossed apical setae that are subequal to discal setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="49F166142762AA2068ADF8EBCAD7F848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177455/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[152,1433,556,1916]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="1D31369C2762AA2068ADF8EBCAD7F848" blockId="7.[151,1436,1916,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2762AA2068ADF8EBC866F86A" bold="true" box="[151,351,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 12–14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2762AA206952F8EACB10F86A" box="[360,553,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2762AA206952F8EACB10F86A" box="[360,553,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Myiopharus neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34C957F52762AA206A0BF8EACBBFF86A" box="[561,646,1917,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2762AA206AB4F8EBCB96F86A" bold="true" box="[654,687,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">12.</emphasis>
Posterior view of male terminalia, vestiture omitted. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2762AA206CC0F8EBCC22F86A" bold="true" box="[1274,1307,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">13.</emphasis>
Left lateral view of male terminalia. 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2762AA206998F808C8FAF849" bold="true" box="[418,451,1951,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">14.</emphasis>
Male sternum 5. Scale bar for all figures = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1D31369C2762AA2068ADF853CA22F825" blockId="7.[151,1436,1916,2011]" box="[151,795,1988,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Abbreviations: cer, cercus; epand, epandrium; sur, surstylus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C276DAA2F68FCFF0FCDA0FDBC" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F68FCFF0FC80CFF4F" box="[198,309,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Black in ground color, with bands of moderate and uniform white pruinosity (appearing gray against black background) on anterior two-thirds to three-quarters of tergites 3 and 4 and about anterior onehalf of tergite 5. Apex deflected slightly downward in female. Middorsal depression on syntergite 1+2 almost reaching median marginal setae. Narrow black vitta medially on tergites 3–5. Syntergite 1+2 with 1 pair of median marginal setae and at least 1 pair of lateral marginal setae. Tergite 3 with 1 pair of median marginal setae, 1 pair of median discal setae (weaker than median marginals), and at least 1 pair of lateral marginal setae. Tergite 4 with row of marginal setae, 1 pair of median discal setae (weaker than median marginals), and at least 1 pair of lateral marginal setae. Tergite 5 with row of weak marginal setae and scattered discal setae. Male without sex patch of tiny appressed hairs on underside of tergite 4 or 5. Sternites 
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male and sternites 
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female each typically with 1 pair of strong setae; sternite 
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male and sternite 
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female typically with several moderately strong setae posteriorly; sternites partly overlapped by tergites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C276DAA2F68FCFDC7CD65FCA4" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F68FCFDC7C8BFFD97" box="[198,390,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Male terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="85B52A19276DAA2F69A3FDC7CB12FD94" box="[409,555,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 14" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,556,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,540,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 14. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 12. Posterior view of male terminalia, vestiture omitted. 13. Left lateral view of male terminalia. 14. Male sternum 5. Scale bar for all figures = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
). Sternite 5 with median cleft smoothly V-shaped, inner margin with fine hairs, posterior lobe rounded apically. Epandrium with slight bulge laterally on lower portion. Pregonite smoothly curved and tapered to a rounded tip, setose along posterior margin. Epiphallus present. Distiphallus divided at base into long, thin sclerite posteriorly and broader winged and sclerotized portion anteriorly. Postgonite parallel-sided with rounded tip. Surstylus slender, gently curved at middle in lateral view, with several small spines at tip. Cerci in lateral view straight along posterior surface, shorter than surstylus, in posterior view tapered only slightly from midpoint to apex, tips separate in apical one-third.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C276DAA2F68FCFCFFCBABFC54" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F68FCFCFFC89BFC7F" box="[198,418,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Female terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="85B52A19276DAA2F698FFCFFCB10FC7C" box="[437,553,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 7. Left lateral view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Posterior view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Puparium. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 10. Posterior and slightly dorsal view of posterior spiracular discs of puparium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 11. Puparium within remains of host, Zygogramma exclamationis. Beetle is typically decapitated between prothorax and mesothorax. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177454/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
). Sternite 7 highly modified, forming a black, laterally flattened, apically rounded sclerite below the genital opening.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C276DAA2F68FCFC2FC9F7FBB4" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F68FCFC2FC805FC2F" box="[198,316,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Puparium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="85B52A19276DAA2F6976FC2FC8F4FC2C" box="[332,461,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 7. Left lateral view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Posterior view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Puparium. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 10. Posterior and slightly dorsal view of posterior spiracular discs of puparium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 11. Puparium within remains of host, Zygogramma exclamationis. Beetle is typically decapitated between prothorax and mesothorax. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177454/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
). Slightly larger at posterior end than anterior end, surface nearly smooth. Anterior spiracles raised and rosette-like. Posterior spiracular discs shiny black, narrowly separated and positioned high above midline of puparium, each disc raised above puparium and bearing three nearly straight spiracular slits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55946517276DAA2E68ADFB17C8EEFE0C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1D31369C276DAA2F68ADFB17C9CBFB67" blockId="8.[151,1437,1152,2018]" box="[151,242,1152,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F68ADFB17C9CBFB67" box="[151,242,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Biology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C276DAA2F68FCFB3FC825F9FC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
The biology of the sunflower beetle, 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276DAA2F6ABFFB3FCA71FB3F" box="[645,840,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F6ABFFB3FCA71FB3F" box="[645,840,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been well documented in the literature (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276DAA2F68ADFB47C802FB14" author="Westdal" box="[151,315,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Westdal, P. H. (1975) Insect pest of sunflowers. In: Harapiak, J. T. (Ed.), Oilseed and pulse crops in western Canada - a symposium. Modern Press, Saskatoon, pp. 475 - 495." type="book chapter" year="1975">Westdal 1975</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276DAA2F6973FB47C8F2FB14" author="Neill" box="[329,459,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Neill, G. B. (1982) Bionomics of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and its parasites in Manitoba. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 302 pp." type="book" year="1982">Neill 1982</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276DAA2F69E3FB47CB4FFB14" author="Charlet" box="[473,630,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Charlet, L. D. (1992) Seasonal abundance and parasitism of the sunflower beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on cultivated sunflower in the northern Great Plains. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 766 - 771." type="journal article" year="1992">Charlet 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276DAA2F6ABEFB47CA5EFB14" author="Knodel" box="[644,871,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Knodel, J. J., Charlet, L. D. &amp; Glogoza, P. A. (2000) Biology and pest management of the sunflower beetle in North Dakota. North Dakota State University Extension Bulletin E- 824. 8 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Knodel 
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F6ADEFB47CA19FB17" box="[740,800,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276DAA2F6B4EFB47CD9EFB14" author="Brewer" box="[884,1191,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Brewer, G. J. &amp; Charlet, L. D. (2004) Sunflower beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): pattern of larval distribution and parasitism in cultivated sunflower fields. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77, 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="2004">Brewer and Charlet 2004</bibRefCitation>
). The beetle has one generation per year in the northern plains of North 
<collectingCountry id="6599760C276DAA2F6ACCFB6FCA66FAEC" box="[758,863,1272,1298]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">America</collectingCountry>
. The sexually immature adults overwinter in the soil, emerging as sexually mature adults the following May to early June. Mating takes place within a couple of days of emergence, and within a week the females begin laying eggs on the stems and leaves of sunflower plants. Oviposition can continue for nearly two months, during which time up to 2000 eggs can be laid. Beetle larvae appear about mid June and enter the soil to pupate when mature. Prehibernation adults of this summer generation emerge in late July to early September and feed for one to three weeks before entering the soil to overwinter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C276DAA2E68FCF987CC1FFED4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1152,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,658]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
The life history of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276DAA2F699DF987CB32F9D7" box="[423,523,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F699DF987CB32F9D7" box="[423,523,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276DAA2F6A06F987CBF3F9D7" box="[572,714,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F6A06F987CBF3F9D7" box="[572,714,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Myiopharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., in south-central Manitoba was detailed in the Ph.D. dissertation of 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276DAA2F691BF9AFC88DF9AC" author="Neill" box="[289,436,1592,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Neill, G. B. (1982) Bionomics of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and its parasites in Manitoba. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 302 pp." type="book" year="1982">Neill (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. The following life history account is a summary from that study. Adult females of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276DAA2F6D46F9AFC9EAF987" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F6D46F9AFC9EAF987" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oviposit on prehibernation adults of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276DAA2F6AB5F9F7CA6AF987" box="[655,851,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F6AB5F9F7CA6AF987" box="[655,851,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The parasitoid passes the winter as a first instar free in the haemocoel of the thorax or abdomen of its host. As diapause in the beetle is ending, the first instar of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276DAA2F6882F927C824F937" box="[184,285,1712,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276DAA2F6882F927C824F937" box="[184,285,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
moves to the head and enters the supraoesophageal ganglion of the brain. Parasitized beetles do not leave the soil, and larval development of the parasitoid continues underground in its host. The parasitoid leaves the brain late in the first or early in the second instar and enters the buccal cavity, where it makes an opening to the exterior for breathing. With the posterior spiracles positioned against the opening, a respiratory funnel forms around the posterior portion of the maggot. The anterior end is kept free, and the maggot feeds on the host’s tissues throughout its second and third (final) instars. Though the host is immobile during this period, it does not die until the maggot is almost fully grown and occupies most of its thorax and abdomen. Just before pupariation, the parasitoid creates two openings, one along the postero-lateral margin of the abdomen (through which the adult fly will later emerge) and one in the membrane between the prothorax and mesothorax (often decapitating the beetle) (
<figureCitation id="85B52A19276CAA2E6A99FF57CBC2FF24" box="[675,763,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 7. Left lateral view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Posterior view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Puparium. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 10. Posterior and slightly dorsal view of posterior spiracular discs of puparium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 11. Puparium within remains of host, Zygogramma exclamationis. Beetle is typically decapitated between prothorax and mesothorax. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177454/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Larval development takes about three weeks from the time the first instar becomes active until pupariation, and the pupal stage lasts about two weeks. Adult 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E6D46FF7FC9EAFED7" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E6D46FF7FC9EAFED7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerge from the soil in June, about one month after the emergence of non-parasitized beetles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D31369C276CAA2E68FCFEAFC8EEFE0C" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276CAA2E68FCFEAFC860FEAC" author="Neill" box="[198,345,312,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="41" refString="Neill, G. B. (1982) Bionomics of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and its parasites in Manitoba. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 302 pp." type="book" year="1982">Neill (1982)</bibRefCitation>
conjectured that 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E6A17FEAFCBAAFEAF" box="[557,659,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E6A17FEAFCBAAFEAF" box="[557,659,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two generations per year. Adult flies emerge in June, when posthibernation adults of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E69FCFEF7CBB3FE87" box="[454,650,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E69FCFEF7CBB3FE87" box="[454,650,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are available for parasitization. A generation of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E6CF5FEF7CC0AFE87" box="[1231,1331,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E6CF5FEF7CC0AFE87" box="[1231,1331,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely passed in these posthibernation beetles, producing a second emergence of adult flies in late summer when prehibernation adults of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E69A2FE27CB65FE37" box="[408,604,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E69A2FE27CB65FE37" box="[408,604,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are present. Larvae of this generation of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E6C68FE27CD81FE37" box="[1106,1208,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E6C68FE27CD81FE37" box="[1106,1208,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">M. neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overwinter as first instars in their beetle hosts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55946517276CAA2E68FCFD97CDF5FD6C" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1D31369C276CAA2E68FCFD97CDF5FD6C" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E68FCFD97C8A0FDE7" ID-CoL="452YT" box="[198,409,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E68FCFD97C8A0FDE7" box="[198,409,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Myiopharus neilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a solitary endoparasitoid of adult 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E6B69FD97CD2EFDE7" box="[851,1047,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E6B69FD97CD2EFDE7" box="[851,1047,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and has not been recorded from other host species. 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276CAA2E694FFDBFCB3DFDBC" author="Neill" box="[373,516,552,578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="41" refString="Neill, G. B. (1982) Bionomics of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and its parasites in Manitoba. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 302 pp." type="book" year="1982">Neill (1982)</bibRefCitation>
recorded a parasitism rate of 0.1 to 17.1% in prehibernation adults of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E6D0CFDBFC9C5FD97" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E6D0CFDBFC9C5FD97" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at various locations in south-central Manitoba during 
<date id="6930105C276CAA2E6B43FDC7CD38FD94" box="[889,1025,592,618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="1975" valueMax="1977">1975–1977</date>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D276CAA2E6C31FDC7CD8EFD94" author="Charlet" box="[1035,1207,592,618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Charlet, L. D. (1992) Seasonal abundance and parasitism of the sunflower beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on cultivated sunflower in the northern Great Plains. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 766 - 771." type="journal article" year="1992">Charlet (1992)</bibRefCitation>
reported 1.7% parasitism in a collection of prehibernation adults of 
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F276CAA2E6AE7FDEFCA99FD6F" box="[733,928,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zygogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E276CAA2E6AE7FDEFCA99FD6F" box="[733,928,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Z. exclamationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in North Dakota in 1987.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>