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<mods:title id="93C949E45D6671A3C2C1DA825CA6CE2E">Checklist of hosts, illustrated geographical range, and ecology of tick species from the genus Ixodes (Acari, Ixodidae) in Russia and other post-Soviet countries</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66E8044E7C639036EB2C6E50CEF3EA19">Fedorov, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C0F07B9F11115AAAE137B0DBF1B486E">HUN-REN-UVMB Climate Change: New Blood-sucking Parasites and Vector-borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary &amp; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN-RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FD29DEF89BAD9D073DCAC4763EAFDDCA">Hornok, Sándor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C5FAE117E99CDFB175583CE7003A7BD">HUN-REN-UVMB Climate Change: New Blood-sucking Parasites and Vector-borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary &amp; Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0CA368A8D9FB5CD0AB250A57FCDFE22A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11196155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11196155" ID-arpha="0CA368A8-D9FB-5CD0-AB25-0A57FCDFE22A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0CA368A8D9FB5CD0AB250A57FCDFE22A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CA368A8D9FB5CD0AB250A57FCDFE22A">
<subSubSection id="34595852BD5C6B1A834614074FA10EAE" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="504903AEE844FAA63E431FF2AF141625">
<taxonomicName id="6BA320F2E73726A4A676362462008A3E" ID-CoL="3QGB3" authority="Nuttall, 1910" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">
<emphasis id="3E16F946640199A63704886A51AF68CF" italics="true">Ixodes caledonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="84685EA54A1F23C63FEEE4B445439751" DOI="10.1017/S0031182000002249" author="Nuttall GHF" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology" pagination="408-416" refId="B292" refString="Nuttall GHF (1910) New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus). Parasitology 3 (4): 408 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000002249" title="New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus)." volume="3" year="1910">Nuttall, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="FAE4F88015BEBDD582DB7238F8C5DE53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E359AEEEB42F78273E442F75E7585C1B">
<treatmentCitation id="C56D8F70273AE0D2618C718632BF5C6E">
<taxonomicName id="A01E8E731EF267046F6A9DE70D375DBA" ID-CoL="3QGB3" authority="Nuttall, 1910" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">
<emphasis id="7A716A652D9B8EFC3E7B88C7AE20D4C0" italics="true">Ixodes caledonicus</emphasis>
<comment id="C2C8C45187FFA1BE12CEFB6FE6129A75">
<treatmentCitation id="3295632B00AFF7516F4B6159C5C91EED">
<bibRefCitation id="72070188408074BAA41F630570E67029" DOI="10.1017/S0031182000002249" author="Nuttall GHF" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology" pagination="408-416" refId="B292" refString="Nuttall GHF (1910) New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus). Parasitology 3 (4): 408 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000002249" title="New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus)." volume="3" year="1910">Nuttall, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
:
<treatmentCitation id="C411CD0CAC8E77155F4325B4931CCB1B" author="Nuttall GHF" page="408" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="17485F31263E2E55B068F8A24D7A6180" DOI="10.1017/S0031182000002249" author="Nuttall GHF" firstAuthor="Nuttall" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology" page="408" pagination="408-416" refId="B292" refString="Nuttall GHF (1910) New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus). Parasitology 3 (4): 408 416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000002249" title="New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus)." volume="3" year="1910">Nuttall 1910: 408</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5E7ECD352F4358BC2A173B0AABA8FA7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6B33BC77FF56DBEDA21E7A035279C3CB">
<treatmentCitation id="C2D61404DBE287889B62F24BE6B632A4" author="Schulze P &amp; Schlottke E" page="60" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="F82D75710375D77D4F1C7307E1866B42" ID-CoL="3QGMD" authority="Schulze, 1929: 60" authorityName="Schulze" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caledonicus" subSpecies="sculpturatus">
<emphasis id="4692D172F2ABF13221244E8BA49111BE" italics="true">Ixodes caledonicus sculpturatus</emphasis>
<comment id="2EA5A7273C5DDFE83D7EE43EDF536544">
<treatmentCitation id="A6FEEBC5E57BB4FB7EE7A46ADCD1F98F">
<bibRefCitation id="3348B2E2BD1875D81C7D8C24CB1EC8CC" author="Schulze P &amp; Schlottke E" refId="B369" refString="Schulze P, Schlottke E (1929) Kleinhohlenbewohnende deutsche Zecken mit Beschreibung dreier neuer Baumhohlenbruter und einer Bestimmungstabelle der deutschen Ixodes. Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Rostock 2 (1927 - 1929): 95 - 112. [In German]" year="1929">Schulze, 1929: 60</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4B0662325553A6EBFDC51CB3B43420CC" author="Arthur DR" page="53" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="C6DEA61FA44C98E5AF566D8CFB914A4C" author="Arthur DR" firstAuthor="Arthur" journalOrPublisher="Butterworths, London" page="53" refId="B19" refString="Arthur DR (1963) British ticks. Butterworths, London, 213 pp." title="British ticks." year="1963">Arthur 1963: 53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F4B0140D52D298F966450BE78BA5468">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="435F314479C2623E4E39A192B9D12BAD">
<treatmentCitation id="D20377EC97A3C00880E3CB1EC908B189" author="Reznik PA" page="457" year="1958">
<taxonomicName id="4A4DBED959CF25D99596028FDB47BBD7" ID-CoL="3QG7Z" authority="Reznik, 1958: 457" authorityName="Reznik" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1958" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gussevi">
<emphasis id="7E6CB684DE3FEB9071D56A4A821A4B2D" italics="true">Ixodes gussevi</emphasis>
<comment id="A1527536D7E7442FCE6424DD2E25A735">
<treatmentCitation id="045EF601863CE207553F321A199CD37A">
<bibRefCitation id="F267F2D91971280555D82283B6EBEFD4" author="Reznik PA" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskij Zhurnal" pagination="457-458" refId="B339" refString="Reznik PA (1958) A new species of tick Ixodes gussevi sp. n. from Azerbaijan. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 37 (3): 457 - 458. [In Russian]" title="A new species of tick Ixodes gussevi sp. n. from Azerbaijan." volume="37" year="1958">Reznik, 1958: 457</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="84D6D1A29D8C53A7AC456D078EE74527" author="Filippova NA &amp; Panova IV" page="339" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="00676DE1B274A32EFF3E1F7690821C93" author="Filippova NA &amp; Panova IV" firstAuthor="Filippova" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiia" page="339" pagination="339-347" refId="B128" refString="Filippova NA, Panova IV (1975) Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a little-known parasite of wild birds from the fauna of the USSR. Parazitologiia 9 (4): 339 347. [In Russian]" title="Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a little-known parasite of wild birds from the fauna of the USSR." volume="9" year="1975">Filippova and Panova 1975: 339</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPGBM" type="Recorded hosts">
<paragraph id="D60C9FC8683732B51583117FBCA7A733">
<heading id="16172FF86EED6CDEF1E6A98EE58A90CD" reason="title">Recorded hosts.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00A9AB642174DD239E25938BD3B983ED">
<taxonomicName id="AB9CCC1F0A2325B3E4C319F008ADF5A7" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">
<emphasis id="656D3DC0A758294C4A7B4B6EFBBC9DDB" bold="true">Aves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="732590D18F9263FE349912F28808ADB4" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="2CEDB89E255F375034D9ADFA10BB3F8D" italics="true">Apus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pacific swift),
<taxonomicName id="DAC716B5411671C76E627014836A6768" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="D610B7818B50223217D3B61DB94CB1F4" italics="true">Corvus corax</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(common raven),
<taxonomicName id="8D01984002CD217820E31642D5BFCC3F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornix">
<emphasis id="9846C7AF83FDE4DDC1454D5AC267FBE2" italics="true">Corvus cornix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(hooded crow),
<taxonomicName id="CCF97559F9763ED534615360E99B8CB8" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livia">
<emphasis id="46243B2FF4E45B09FBD2234C6CC39983" italics="true">Columba livia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(common pigeon),
<taxonomicName id="DB35E74C1759D76C82728F25BFF9D10D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Coloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monedula">
<emphasis id="27251A14425C8C12E722EB991BE74465" italics="true">Coloeus monedula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(western jackdaw),
<taxonomicName id="4DC5A3ED8EE020FFC76CE6B8373DB7EC" authorityName="Tunstall" authorityYear="1771" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Falco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="8C7254082A2D0BDB14E9C1242723CBEA" italics="true">Falco peregrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(peregrine falcon),
<taxonomicName id="B645BB9CAC6C3E189618CB11C5A1520F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Monticola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solitarius">
<emphasis id="FD48246DA5A29A89E888368F9B078438" italics="true">Monticola solitarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue rock thrush),
<taxonomicName id="5527080FF1528B9A86BF86D7D0E888C2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Oenanthe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oenanthe">
<emphasis id="4254361CE676E2AFAF06847F5A0E1BDF" italics="true">Oenanthe oenanthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Northern wheatear),
<taxonomicName id="3BB33405777568DCD000BAAB58BA3A52" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" genus="Petronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petronia">
<emphasis id="1A0F4666605D35AF0DFCF0561AF52204" italics="true">Petronia petronia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rock sparrow),
<taxonomicName id="6707B71F0A61247825FAEC5D8E6553F5" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Phoenicurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="580293354EF41BD8D063455CCEA6E10A" italics="true">Phoenicurus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(redstart),
<taxonomicName id="10638E700C4A1A1B7183BF4BA42409FA" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Tachymarptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melba">
<emphasis id="46ACA9B0FB1CF6AC60DDA178D4D77002" italics="true">Tachymarptis melba</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(Alpine swift) (
<bibRefCitation id="935EC6BA10DB29E5FB7B245B4E4B419F" author="Filippova" firstAuthor="Filippova" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" refId="B117" refString="Filippova NA (1977) Ixodid ticks subfamily Ixodinae. Arachnida. Vol. 4. Fauna of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad, 396 pp. [In Russian]" title="Ixodid ticks subfamily Ixodinae. Arachnida. Vol. 4. Fauna of the USSR." year="1977">Filippova 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1DB12847DDDCDDDE5D35B448D440C739" author="Bolotin and Kolonin" firstAuthor="Bolotin" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskij Zhurnal" pagination="435-436" refId="B51" refString="Bolotin EI, Kolonin GV (1979) New data on the fauna of ixodid ticks of the Primorsky Krai. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 58 (3): 435 436. [In Russian]" title="New data on the fauna of ixodid ticks of the Primorsky Krai." volume="58" year="1979">Bolotin and Kolonin 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYKBM" type="Recorded locations">
<paragraph id="C1AA0566A2AACC78D7B88DEC39E60CB7">
<heading id="F452B038673687F997FB1CE5548C18D7" reason="title">Recorded locations</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19309A4685A76ABCD405C3F29728C4A0">
<emphasis id="AF4D186A7C71791A9B6C36C83F661EE7" bold="true">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="AAABC972F8A7885104FCAA64F9667776" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Map of Russia and neighboring countries showing the locations where Ixodes caledonicus was reported." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1201.115467.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1049217">31</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="5A73E31A8EDCC5DE1FBCB616A4F7DD90" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: valley of the Zerkalnaya River (
<bibRefCitation id="E6BF540C08A19C0C99AAFEE71334AAF3" author="Bolotin and Kolonin" firstAuthor="Bolotin" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskij Zhurnal" pagination="435-436" refId="B51" refString="Bolotin EI, Kolonin GV (1979) New data on the fauna of ixodid ticks of the Primorsky Krai. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 58 (3): 435 436. [In Russian]" title="New data on the fauna of ixodid ticks of the Primorsky Krai." volume="58" year="1979">Bolotin and Kolonin 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="9FCBCF9EFA9E90E6D6CF4378D73045A2" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="9251F16E8B3A2D42A9C4409A23F98D4D" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Crimean Peninsula, in particular the Tarkhankut Peninsula and the cape Kazantyp (
<bibRefCitation id="E60904041AD1E6760F5605015E9C4A8D" author="Emchuk" firstAuthor="Emchuk" journalOrPublisher="Izdatelstvo AN USSR, Kyiv" refId="B89" refString="Emchuk EM (1960) Fauna of Ukraine. Ixodid ticks. Izdatelstvo AN USSR, Kyiv, 163 pp. [In Russian]" title="Fauna of Ukraine. Ixodid ticks." year="1960">Emchuk 1960</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C556414C6A5B8650030E2DD38A5D046B" author="Filippova" firstAuthor="Filippova" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" refId="B117" refString="Filippova NA (1977) Ixodid ticks subfamily Ixodinae. Arachnida. Vol. 4. Fauna of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad, 396 pp. [In Russian]" title="Ixodid ticks subfamily Ixodinae. Arachnida. Vol. 4. Fauna of the USSR." year="1977">Filippova 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="460C327DBC826991A63F42849A055BE1" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="102C574A97B0AA0747BB532F20332F97" name="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="D40CB3AEDE6F3FCAF99DA0094CB181B0" country="Azerbaijan" name="Qabala">Qabala</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA79423AAC4FEF2F1FF61B6DC97D7450" author="Reznik" firstAuthor="Reznik" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskij Zhurnal" pagination="457-458" refId="B339" refString="Reznik PA (1958) A new species of tick Ixodes gussevi sp. n. from Azerbaijan. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 37 (3): 457 458. [In Russian]" title="A new species of tick Ixodes gussevi sp. n. from Azerbaijan." volume="37" year="1958">Reznik 1958</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="8DD489D4725F0961C44AC220D84069AE" country="Azerbaijan" name="Culfa">Julfa</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2E4841BD3EC3C0074A5A62CDCF248CEC" author="Filippova and Panova" firstAuthor="Filippova" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiia" pagination="339-347" refId="B128" refString="Filippova NA, Panova IV (1975) Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a little-known parasite of wild birds from the fauna of the USSR. Parazitologiia 9 (4): 339 347. [In Russian]" title="Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a little-known parasite of wild birds from the fauna of the USSR." volume="9" year="1975">Filippova and Panova 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="8213842DF53202EDD8B4ECD3D97499CB" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="5B4B179BC3EB4F6750F34632AC8C3529" name="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Hisar Range (
<bibRefCitation id="1E5EE41497054A12996D06C23F262E90" author="Filippova and Panova" firstAuthor="Filippova" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiia" pagination="339-347" refId="B128" refString="Filippova NA, Panova IV (1975) Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a little-known parasite of wild birds from the fauna of the USSR. Parazitologiia 9 (4): 339 347. [In Russian]" title="Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a little-known parasite of wild birds from the fauna of the USSR." volume="9" year="1975">Filippova and Panova 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="302DA8FADD058793DA4BFA49E2D696EE" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1201.115467.figure31" ID-arpha="991A1B27-EDA1-54C2-8D20-CECEFA47B3E4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1049217" startId="F31">
<paragraph id="0FB2362299EA98352A2E21B300A29FB3">
<label id="BA1E48547FB675794695A4125068EE1B">Figure 31.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6A8DCEE711FA2A8B97A9309E80B6591">
Map of Russia and neighboring countries showing the locations where
<taxonomicName id="91E86B69827D0A2B121027AC132846AD" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">
<emphasis id="E6C844B8A5784616DEFDB94612E0B54E" italics="true">Ixodes caledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2MBM" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="2619B993B21605C0E72A7572F467DC84">
<heading id="CC4D913D248B762AD0DCD4C13CF6386D" reason="title">Ecology and other information.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85C59B8049366ECB5BC2F824E48869A8">
<taxonomicName id="45A46C3F29F1150C535BD7881CF6FF0C" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">
<emphasis id="AA78C34D3A90995B32D142653166A297" italics="true">Ixodes caledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a little studied nidicolous tick species occurring in Europe as well as Western and Middle Asia. In
<collectingRegion id="2E5CFE3285247659B1E925C3340CC4A2" country="Ukraine" name="Crimea">Crimea</collectingRegion>
this species is very rare and never has been found after 1980 (
<bibRefCitation id="9E18D4CD72B5B3A9F8F61DC632F751A5" author="Nebogatkin" firstAuthor="Nebogatkin" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pagination="143-147" refId="B279" refString="Nebogatkin IV (1998) Rare, disappearing and occasionally occurred species of ixodid ticks (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae) in Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii 32: 143 147. [In Russian]" title="Rare, disappearing and occasionally occurred species of ixodid ticks (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae) in Ukraine." volume="32" year="1998">Nebogatkin 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Its hosts are birds that usually nest in rocks, feed on the ground, or feed and drink during flight (
<bibRefCitation id="8AB6ED8078F570825DF07F63A6E5275B" author="Filippova" firstAuthor="Filippova" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" refId="B117" refString="Filippova NA (1977) Ixodid ticks subfamily Ixodinae. Arachnida. Vol. 4. Fauna of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad, 396 pp. [In Russian]" title="Ixodid ticks subfamily Ixodinae. Arachnida. Vol. 4. Fauna of the USSR." year="1977">Filippova 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>