treatments-xml/data/ED/D9/36/EDD93629794F58B6BDCE24BE4C2EBF1A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224598" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-18-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575611" ModsDocID="1314-4049-18-1" checkinTime="1481875202450" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Petersen, Ronald H. &amp; Hughes, Karen W." docDate="2016" docId="EDD93629794F58B6BDCE24BE4C2EBF1A" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 18: 1-122" docOrigin="MycoKeys 18" docPubDate="2016-12-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" docTitle="Micromphale bulliformis R. H. Petersen 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" masterDocTitle="Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1643498509278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petersen, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">repete@utk.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hughes, Karen W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2016-12-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number>18</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>122</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224598" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EDD93629794F58B6BDCE24BE4C2EBF1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDD93629794F58B6BDCE24BE4C2EBF1A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1. 
<taxonomicName LSID="EDD93629-794F-58B6-BDCE-24BE4C2EBF1A" authority="R. H. Petersen" authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis" status="sp. nov.">Micromphale bulliformis R.H. Petersen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">United States</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Washington</emphasis>
, Jefferson Co., Olympic National Park, Tunnel Creek, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.19" value="47.778942">N47°46'44.19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="123" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="25.83" value="-123.057175">W123°03'25.83&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, VIII.1975, coll F. VanDeBogart (as 
<taxonomicName genus="Ma." lsidName="Ma. androsaceus" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ma. androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), FVDB 3621 (WTU-F-51955).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bulliformis = bubble-like, referring to the appearance of cheilocystidia at lamellar edge.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1) Morpho-species (no DNA sequences available); 2) stipe vesture a loose thatch of tortuous, often-branched, thick-walled caulocystidia; 2) cheilocystidia bulbous, smooth, with homogenous contents; 3) basidial sterigmata unusually long and slender; 4) pleurocystidia sharply fusiform, with poorly-defined content partitioning; 5) pileipellis involved in slime matrix.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">The description which follows is compiled from examination of dried material. Colors when fresh may vary considerably from those below.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Basidiomata</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnopus bulliformis. A, B Basidiomata C, D Basidiospores. Standard bars: A, B = 20 mm; C, D = 5 µm. A, C WTU-F- 9305; B, D WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115058" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1A, B</figureCitation>
) diminutive, robust. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pileus</emphasis>
3-14 mm broad, convex, usually somewhat flattened over disc and occasionally with suggestion of small umbo, matt, sulcate near margin but not striate; disc near &quot;Verona brown&quot; 6E5; limb and margin near &quot;sayal brown&quot; 6C5 or &quot;cinnamon buff&quot; 6B4; context thin, fragile. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnate to adnexed, not pseudocollariate, thin, becoming ventricose by maturity (-2.5 mm broad) and strongly crisped (dry), subdistant to distant with no anastomoses or interveining, total lamellae = 25-38, through lamellae = 13-18, (fresh) 
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">near</pageBreakToken>
&quot;ochraceous buff&quot; 5A5 to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“chamois”">&quot;chamois&quot;</normalizedToken>
4B4, (dry) between &quot;ecru drab&quot; 16B2, &quot;olive ochre&quot; 2B8 and &quot;deep olive buff&quot; 3C3, suffusing to brown (&quot;sayal brown&quot; 6C5) from edge in age; lamellulae in 1-2 tiers, often rudimentary. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stipe</emphasis>
16-35 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.8(-1) mm, probably terete when fresh, equal, occasionally abruptly changing directions as though adventitious from being broken, subinsititious, pilose-vestured from apex to base, lightly so upward and there with vesture pallid, downward delicately barbed and more so to felty at base, producing a matted-furry appearance, irregularly elongate-maculate with blond vesture and fuscous pileus surface (dried), but somewhat more prominently vestured upward, upward &quot;clay color&quot; 5C6 or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“cinnamon”">&quot;cinnamon&quot;</normalizedToken>
6B5, downward &quot;snuff brown&quot; 5E8 to &quot;Verona brown&quot; 6E5 at base, at junction with lamellae dark brown and leaving delicate brown ring in pileus trama. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhizomorphs</emphasis>
undetected. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taste</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">odor</emphasis>
not recorded.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984785" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115058" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A, B</emphasis>
Basidiomata 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C, D</emphasis>
Basidiospores. Standard bars: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A, B</emphasis>
= 20 mm; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C, D</emphasis>
= 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A, C</emphasis>
WTU-F-9305; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B, D</emphasis>
WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Habitat and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Temperate rainforest; substrate uncertain, certainly dead conifer needles, perhaps 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tsuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; mid-summer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">Pileipellis</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
composed of three elements, all involved with a heterogeneous slime matrix (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnopus bulliformis. Pileipellis elements. A Heterogeneous slime with secondarily septate hyphae B Secondary septa C, D Hyphae with gelatinized walls. Note clamp connections in D right. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115061" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
): 1) pileal hairs (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnopus bulliformis. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115060" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</figureCitation>
) -120 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, cylindrical with slightly enlarged apex, thin- to firm-walled, occasionally internally clamped; 2) repent hyphae 3-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thin- to firm-walled (wall gelatinizing to 1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnopus bulliformis. Pileipellis elements. A Heterogeneous slime with secondarily septate hyphae B Secondary septa C, D Hyphae with gelatinized walls. Note clamp connections in D right. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115061" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3C, D</figureCitation>
), weakly encrusted (crusting material flake-like, often riding on a thin slime sheath, detersile in slime matrix), conspicuously clamped; and 3) significant hyphal segments with numerous secondary septa (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnopus bulliformis. Pileipellis elements. A Heterogeneous slime with secondarily septate hyphae B Secondary septa C, D Hyphae with gelatinized walls. Note clamp connections in D right. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115061" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3A, B</figureCitation>
). Pileus trama loosely interwoven; hyphae 3-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, gelatinizing and with thin slime sheath, conspicuously clamped. Lamellar trama identical. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Gymnopus bulliformis. Pleurocystidia. Note acute apices and poorly-defined partitioned contents. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115062" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</figureCitation>
) 22-34 x 7-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, fusiform, unusually sharply pointed, often somewhat swollen in mi-shaft, conspicuously clamped; contents partitioned, but ill-defined. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Basidia</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnopus bulliformis. Basidiole and basidia. Note long, awl-shaped sterigmata. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115063" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Gymnopus bulliformis. A Basidium B-G Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 9305." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115065" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7A</figureCitation>
) 24-30 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, broadly 
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">clavate</pageBreakToken>
, conspicuously clamped, 4-sterigmate; contents heterogeneous with inclusions appearing oily (PhC); sterigmata -8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, awl-shaped. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basidiospores</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnopus bulliformis. A, B Basidiomata C, D Basidiospores. Standard bars: A, B = 20 mm; C, D = 5 µm. A, C WTU-F- 9305; B, D WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115058" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1C, D</figureCitation>
) (6.5-)7-7.5(-8) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-4(-4.5) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Q = 1.73-2.14; Qm = 1.88; Lm = 7.20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), ellipsoid, subgymnopoid (slightly tapered proximally), smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Gymnopus bulliformis. Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115064" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Gymnopus bulliformis. A Basidium B-G Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 9305." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115065" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7B-G</figureCitation>
) locally common, 15-26 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-15 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, broadly clavate to subglobose, thin- to firm-walled, obscurely clamped, occasionally with one or two vermiform apical outgrowths (usually without); contents homogeneous, appearing empty. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stipe apex medullary hyphae</emphasis>
strictly parallel, 5-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thin- to firm-walled but soon gelatinizing (in KOH) so walls become almost indistinguishable, often encrusted with crust material riding on outer surface of slime sheath, obscurely clamped. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stipe apex cortical hyphae</emphasis>
3-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, long-celled, conspicuously clamped, thick-walled (wall often obscuring cell lumen), producing a layer of inflated, thick-walled cells and caulocystidia as side branches; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">caulocystidia from upper stipe</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Gymnopus bulliformis. Caulocystidia from upper stipe. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115066" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8</figureCitation>
) 10-75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, irregularly cylindrical, usually with basal clamp, thick-walled (wall -2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, with cell lumen irregularly defined), subhyaline. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mid-stipe medullary</emphasis>
hyphae strictly parallel, 3.5-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thick-walled (wall -2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), obscurely clamped, involved in a slime matrix but not with gelatinizing walls; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mid-stipe cortical hyphae</emphasis>
as above, producing a thatch of tortuous, thick-walled side branches resembling stipe-apex caulocystidia, from which extended caulocystidia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Gymnopus bulliformis. Caulocystidia from lower stipe. Standard bars = 10 µm. WTU-F- 51955." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115067" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9F</figureCitation>
) arise; caulocystidia 
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
125 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thick-walled, cylindrical, refringent (PhC), usually oriented parallel to stipe surface.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984807" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115060" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984829" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115061" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis elements. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
Heterogeneous slime with secondarily septate hyphae 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
Secondary septa 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C, D</emphasis>
Hyphae with gelatinized walls. Note clamp connections in 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
right. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984851" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115062" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pleurocystidia. Note acute apices and poorly-defined partitioned contents. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984873" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115063" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Basidiole and basidia. Note long, awl-shaped sterigmata. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984895" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115064" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984917" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115065" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
Basidium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B-G</emphasis>
Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-9305.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984939" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115066" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Caulocystidia from upper stipe. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984957" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115067" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus bulliformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gymnopus bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Caulocystidia from lower stipe. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. WTU-F-51955.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Commentary.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Proposal of another species of 
<taxonomicName authority="Perforantia" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus (Micromphale) subsp. section" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Perforantia" species="bulliformis" subGenus="Micromphale" subSpecies="section">Gymnopus (Micromphale) section Perforantia</taxonomicName>
would seem problematic, especially from a region relatively rich in such taxa, but presence and uniqueness of diagnostic characters make such a proposal relatively safe. The diagnosis (above) lists characters which separate 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. (Mi.) bulliformis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="bulliformis" subGenus="Mi.">G. (Mi.) bulliformis</taxonomicName>
from other members of sect. 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="section" section="Perforantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Perforantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with diminutive basidiomata.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The temperate rain-forests of the North American Pacific coastal region of United States and Canada apparently support several taxa of the androsaceoid/perforantioid complex. Loan of selected specimens (using Mycoportal as filter) under only 
<taxonomicName genus="Ma." lsidName="Ma. androsaceus" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ma. androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="Mi." lsidName="Mi. perforans" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mi. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed enough new taxa to make intensive collecting worthwhile for such organisms. This might not be surprising, considering the variety of conifer trees, on the dead needles of which such diminutive basidiomata are to be found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Separation of taxa in 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale subsp. sect." order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Perforantia" species="perforans" subSpecies="sect.">Micromphale sect. Perforantia</taxonomicName>
is difficult. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale perforans" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Micromphale perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in Europe and Scandinavia through northern North America, presumably continent-wide. It may be present in northeastern and western Siberia as well, but this is beyond the scope of this paper. From northern California comes 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. sequoiae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">M</pageBreakToken>
. sequoiae
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which closely resembles 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. bulliformis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G. bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is reported as limited to dead foliage of 
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Taxodiaceae" genus="Sequoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sequoia sempervirens" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sequoia sempervirens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both taxa are reported as lacking (or rare) cheilocystidia, neither taxon exhibits much differentiation in the pileipellis, and caulocystidia are quite similar, although those of 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. perforans" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reported as exhibiting some denser, more refringent (PhC) pigment at caulocystidial tips. Ordinarily, 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. perforans" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a black, vestured stipe when mature, but 
<bibRefCitation author="Antonin, V" journalOrPublisher="IHV-Verlag, Berlin" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="B4" refString="Antonin, V, Noordeloos, ME, 2010. A monograph of Marasmioid and Collybioid fungi in Europe. IHV-Verlag, Berlin" title="A monograph of Marasmioid and Collybioid fungi in Europe." year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antonín">Antonin</normalizedToken>
and Noordeloos (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
include dark brown shades as well, and 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. sequoiae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems also to form a dark brown stipe. 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="894 - 902" publicationUrl="10.2307/3793301" refId="B6" refString="Desjardin, DE, 1985. New marasmioid fungi from California. Mycologia 77: 894 - 902, DOI: 10.2307/3793301" title="New marasmioid fungi from California." url="10.2307/3793301" volume="77" year="1985">Desjardin (1985)</bibRefCitation>
used the following characters to separate 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. sequoiae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. perforans" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) light brown to flesh-colored pileus versus pale pileus respectively; 2) mild odor versus strong, fetid odor respectively; 3) greyish orange to brown pubescent stipe versus black velutinous stipe respectively; 4) caulocystidia without concentrated apical pigment versus caulocystidia with concentrated apical pigment respectively; 5) habitat on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Endlicher" authorityYear="1847" class="Coniferopsida" family="Taxodiaceae" genus="Sequoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sequoia" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sequoia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
debris versus conifer needles, usually 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Attempts</pageBreakToken>
were made to obtain ITS sequences from both collections of 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. bulliformis" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both unsuccessful. WTU-9305 yielded sufficient sequence to identify it as a member of the clade /perforantia and blasted weakly to 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in GenBank. Whether 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. bulliformis" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
deserves phylogenetic distinction remains questionable until clean sequences can be obtained from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“fresh”">&quot;fresh&quot;</normalizedToken>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Washington</emphasis>
, 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1975-08" collectingDateMax="1992-07-08" collectingDateMin="1975-08" collectorName="Barlow Pass, S. Trudell" county="Jefferson Co." latitude="48.02667" location="Olympic National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.44278" municipality="Snowhomish Co." specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty>Jefferson Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EDD93629794F58B6BDCE24BE4C2EBF1A:0D12EA05C897A656A35B9A80BDD2EF3C" county="Jefferson Co." latitude="48.02667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.44278" municipality="Snowhomish Co." name="Olympic National Park">Olympic National Park</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EDD93629794F58B6BDCE24BE4C2EBF1A:E1F2F4972F5D78595D67351991F5C8E2" county="Jefferson Co." latitude="48.02667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.44278" municipality="Snowhomish Co." name="Tunnel Creek">Tunnel Creek</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.19" value="47.778942">N47°46'44.19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="123" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="25.83" value="-123.057175">W123°03'25.83&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1975-08">VIII.1975</collectingDate>
, coll F. VanDeBogart (as 
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius androsaceus" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Marasmius androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), FVDB 3621 (WTU-F-51955; 
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
); 
<collectingMunicipality>Snowhomish Co.</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName>Barlow Pass</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Barlow Pass</collectorName>
study area, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.02667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.02667">N48.02667</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="121.44278" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-121.44278">W121.44278</geoCoordinate>
(WGS 84), 
<collectingDate value="1992-07-08">8.VII.1992</collectingDate>
, coll 
<collectorName>S. Trudell</collectorName>
(as 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale perforans" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micromphale perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), s.n. (WTU-F-9305)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>