342 lines
42 KiB
XML
342 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="545748CB843CB6D53F40D1D86424BC41">A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C096672C8CDB7BB8E3728CAA78D429E6">Foon, Junn Kitt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DEDB83303051250168C1400FDFA3091">Liew, Thor-Seng</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="743202F2E4D708DE99CA186D01ED02C3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132786255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:743202F2E4D708DE99CA186D01ED02C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/743202F2E4D708DE99CA186D01ED02C3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="E1BA66EBF520C3C2A349BBF0DCE63DF2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AEAB3A2E3C6FBB5E250D6C895721078E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="63B814BA5BCE2C167636FD81F33217E2" ID-CoL="CC23" authority="Stoliczka, 1872" authorityName="Stoliczka" authorityYear="1872" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">
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<pageBreakToken id="E89DB5888FBD3E6C3713C3577CAD26D7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">Alycaeus</pageBreakToken>
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gibbosulus Stoliczka, 1872
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</taxonomicName>
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Figures 7
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<normalizedToken id="F702D268621C872443B33E532D1BA159" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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, 17, 31E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6C662C4367493C524869A1E754C05A08" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1C54436653C60D88C65DC5153FD5BA3F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="80BD3C85E5858030467D4F0BD990944C" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">
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<pageBreakToken id="F4A68533EDED4B0E3446FB09C843F09A" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">Alycaeus</pageBreakToken>
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gibbosulus
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</taxonomicName>
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Stoliczka, 1872: 268-269, plate 10, figure 14;
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<bibRefCitation id="B6FF22222D3E14610214A77AB98E60D4" author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Theodori Fischer, Casselis" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium; Accedente fossilium enumeratione; Supplementum tertium, monographiae auriculaceorum parte secunda auctum." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10624" year="1876">Pfeiffer 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 58;
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<bibRefCitation id="7408DBB668E499FBC43596F9AC1A664F" author="Nevill, G" journalOrPublisher="Order of the Trustees, Calcutta" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="Hand list of mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Part. I, Gastropoda, Pulmonata and Posobranchia-Neurobranchia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23978" year="1878">Nevill 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 295;
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<bibRefCitation id="8002C35FD12E9A4BE7CEF933DE888DF0" author="Crosse, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="336 - 340" title="Faune malacologique de Perak (Indo-Chine)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15928398page/354" volume="27" year="1879 b">Crosse 1879b</bibRefCitation>
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: 339;
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<bibRefCitation id="E5CD7A5B3CEA550BF72F274903068018" author="Morgan, de J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="353 - 429" title="Mollusques terrestes et fiuviatiles de Royaume de Perak et des pais voisins (presque'Ile Malaise)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14300" volume="10" year="1885 b">Morgan 1885b</bibRefCitation>
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: 402;
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<bibRefCitation id="DF0E390A68DC1115A1F7A558C450BCB5" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="299 - 316" title="The landshells of Perak." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145559/summary" volume="55" year="1886">
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<normalizedToken id="3014F53EF045347BEC84D028FD7787D8" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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1886
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 310;
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<bibRefCitation id="981312B7739465A45B362C0A4566FCF0" author="Tenison-Woods, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1003 - 1095" title="Malaysian land and freshwater mollusca." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13026" volume="3" year="1888">Tenison-Woods 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: 1068;
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<bibRefCitation id="F56CF42F423997ACFBBB737834B6976E" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Das Tierreich. Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. In: Kobelt W (Ed.) In Verbindung mit der deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft herausgegeben von der Koeniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Mollusca: Cyclophoridae. R." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1227" year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 344;
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<bibRefCitation id="3036BA2DF34F3841DD9DBC5D37B5B41F" author="Sykes, ER" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Malacology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="60 - 63" title="On a collection of land and freshwater shells from Kelantan, Malay Peninsula." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145268/summary" volume="9" year="1902">Sykes 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 62;
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<bibRefCitation id="5E1EFCA0C46C711725F754A7B3EC5CAB" author="Benthem Jutting, van WSS" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="10 - 20" title="Some notes on land and freshwater mollusca of Malaya." url="http://natuurtijdschriften.nl/record/596402" volume="24" year="1960 a">Benthem Jutting 1960a</bibRefCitation>
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: 13, 19;
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<bibRefCitation id="3A116BB60FDDAC1431D094523A7FB66B" author="Davison, GWH" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="233 - 248" title="The terrestrial molluscan fauna of Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia." volume="48" year="1995">Davison 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 236;
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<bibRefCitation id="C2A8DBD0474682F35B450F991B26F2F9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Maassen 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 21;
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<bibRefCitation id="83435D36103524038BD9FB84E390C454" author="Clements, R" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="2751 - 2764" title="Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.011" volume="141" year="2008">Clements et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 2760;
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<bibRefCitation id="9CDAFCAEE7A498EE510301BBD04D6199" author="Tarruella, A" journalOrPublisher="Spira" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="71 - 76" title="Listado taxonomico ilustrado de la familia Cyclophoridae J. E. Gray, 1847 (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Parte 2. La subfamilia Alycaeinae J. E. Gray, 1850." url="http://www.molluscat.com/assets/spira_4_12_7.pdf" volume="4" year="2011">
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Tarruella and
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<normalizedToken id="974061584E52EE237E0143E9DCDD918A" originalValue="Domènech">Domenech</normalizedToken>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 72, figure 1F;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="E37E09DBF1749CA267ED00B97417694E" author="Foon, JK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 94" title="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" volume="682" year="2017">Foon et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12, figure 4C.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A597007CD8DBED3FF563754C1AA32E3F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
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<taxonomicName id="F1CB7173E6C44729DEFA8A71ABD43BF8" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus chaperi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chaperi">Alycaeus chaperi</taxonomicName>
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Morgan, 1885a: 70.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B56CF5B33F07784BAE0CC175B9ADE5F2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
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<taxonomicName id="EC4BF6F8130242F9E76932D606BF811F" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus" subGenus="Orthalycaeus">Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="5A26BB36E70D7A65EA1FE5A810D1CBF5" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="330 - 348" title="On the land and freshwater shells of Perak." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01757.x" volume="1891" year="1891">
|
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<normalizedToken id="3D5382369B44C143B03E245C9371D3FC" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1891
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 342; Kobelt and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D7195D304699E045F5EF97FA07B018E4" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="83FA040E11A52F1C32EBCFD81ED98577" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="73 - 192" title="Catalog der gegenwaertig lebend bekannten Pneumonopomen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14877" volume="1" year="1897">1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 150;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A105157A4080A07CE4066FF9A13A388" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="135 - 149" title="Binnenmollusken aus Hinterindien 1. Landschnecken von Kelantan, Ostkueste der Halbinsel Malacca." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145333/summary" volume="34" year="1902">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29E6DA8EBED9A04F5C8008A75F5C13C6" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1902
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 144.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6ED765BA269A06263B5A3E334467B400" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
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<taxonomicName id="F2EA74341861A14BA1E2FE5EA2105DF8" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus gibbosulos" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulos">Alycaeus gibbosulos</taxonomicName>
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[sic]:
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<bibRefCitation id="D8CB6F3B8D19D8BF9C277FCAA0D5701A" author="Berry, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 17" title="An introduction to the non-marine molluscs of Malaya." volume="17" year="1963">Berry 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: plate 4.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D7881BD5AD138BBAC08AC62FA344F93E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21020F2C2EDC1F7CF0DE40C3F014875F" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Dioryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioryx pyramidalis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">Dioryx pyramidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
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<bibRefCitation id="6B9C8B1329153D2BB03B3753A33797B1" author="Habe, T" journalOrPublisher="Nature and life in Southeast Asia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="111 - 128" title="Operculated land molluscs from Southeast Asia." volume="4" year="1965">Habe 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 111-112, plate 2, figures 3-4;
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<bibRefCitation id="8358864C74F53862303DAE90DB08D64E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Maassen 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21. [not
|
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<taxonomicName id="A9F288C1C84CB284DD486A397D28DCC2" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus pyramidalis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">Alycaeus pyramidalis</taxonomicName>
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Benson, 1856]
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC0F14FA386F2A87EBA40A4D26462576" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4A96498179624848C8F4E76B7ACE7EA" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus (Alycaeus) gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus" subGenus="Alycaeus">Alycaeus (Alycaeus) gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A0A510E2931E2149044D84CDBB2D0562" author="Laidlaw, FF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 37" title="A list of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with notes." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41559818" volume="6" year="1928">Laidlaw 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A629939E7990B2C739D2A69BBEBE99EF" author="Chan, SY" journalOrPublisher="The Papustyla" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 2" title="A brief collecting trip to Perak, West Malaysia: Part Two." volume="12" year="1998 b">Chan 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E2AACF05468125F831E7AC3B27F396FF" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="CCE9B2FFE2B57B579891489A88C64E08" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="55A5E60B67AD5664519520947EDCE197" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Penang Island.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E22064324695474C9B5B64774A36105" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="016A7E3E8C12E0805D290EBB16D96FB7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B53B8ABE73A4F11D88484EDA838A84FA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Syntypes. Penang Island: 12 shells deposited at the Indian Museum, Kolkata (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="07A94E3643885D74D768CCC07789116A" author="Nevill, G" journalOrPublisher="Order of the Trustees, Calcutta" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="Hand list of mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Part. I, Gastropoda, Pulmonata and Posobranchia-Neurobranchia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23978" year="1878">Nevill 1878</bibRefCitation>
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) (Not seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1E7A0F22021EB660CAEE5261FF5216F5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DD30FE365C41D09424958E7C7067006E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Other examined materials.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16CB215910BB6CDA52EBF0E5B01FC5B5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Botanic Garden, Penang Island: BOR/MOL 8525/1, BOR/MOL 8526/12. KDH 01 Bukit Baling, Kedah: BOR/MOL 6855/1, BOR/MOL 8358/1, BOR/MOL 8359/23, BOR/MOL 12996/1, ZRC 1975.2.21.182-207/25, ZRC 1975.2.21.144-150/6, ZRC 1997.17/4, ANSP 423057/2. KDH 02 Gunung Pulai, Kedah: BOR/MOL 6857/1, BOR/MOL 8362/16. KDH 10 Bukit Keplu, Kedah: BOR/MOL 6871/1, BOR/MOL 8375/51, BOR/MOL 8376/1, BOR/MOL 6190/1. PRK 62 Gua Dayak, Perak: BOR/MOL 279/1. Mykarst-171 Tasik Temenggor Hill S2, Perak: BOR/MOL 6244/1. PRK 55 Gunung Pondok, Perak: BOR/MOL 6850/1, BOR/MOL 8351/3, BOR/MOL 8352/7, BOR/MOL 11523/1, BOR/MOL 11538/2, ZRC 1972.2.21.140-142/3. Limestone outcrop 50m from roadside, Kampung Pahit, Klian Intan, Perak: BOR/MOL 6875/1, BOR/MOL 8381/3, BOR/MOL 8382/1. Mykarst-027 Gunung Kanthan North, Perak: BOR/MOL 9106/2. Mykarst-025, Perak: BOR/MOL 9382/10, BOR/MOL 9416/2, BOR/MOL 9436/17, BOR/MOL 9500/11. PRK 23 Gunung Rapat, Perak: BOR/MOL 10286/1. PRK 59 Bukit Batu Kurau, Perak: ZRC 1975.2.21.180-181/4. Sungai Siput, Perak: ZRC 1975.2.21.143/1. Capis, upper Perak: ZRC 1975.2.21.1020-1022/3. Gua Kelam, PRS 64 Wang Ulu, Perlis: BOR/MOL 278/1, BOR/MOL 6866/1, BOR/MOL 6868/1, BOR/MOL 8372/4, ZRC 1975.2.21.152-179/27. PRS 19 Bukit Chuping, Perlis: BOR/MOL 6860/3, ZRC 1975.2.21.151/1. Bukit Ayer, PRS 64 Wang Ulu, Perlis: BOR/MOL 6862/1, BOR/MOL 8366/5, BOR/MOL 8367/3, BOR/MOL 12960/1. PRS 17 Gunung Chabang, Perlis: BOR/MOL 6870/1. PRS 40 Bukit Merbok, Perlis: BOR/MOL 8139/1. TRG 01 Bukit Bewah, Terengganu: BOR/MOL 6662/10, BOR/MOL 13002/1. Malakka (= Peninsular Malaysia): RMNH 153521/2.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F03C408263ADAB61EFF96F290CEBA972" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="088EF15B7EF1372B882EEE7B2F0B1D66" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3BC11EBEE466567D1E6E4FFEE5BC9A4D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="155CA90B57374D75225F5C60D5D5785A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Protoconch. Smooth at first whorl, becomes grooved in the second whorl. Grooves arranged parallel to each other and tilted anteriorly at 45° to the coiling axis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="47B1FC45E118BFA6CDE90BC74ED9153C" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Shell shape. Conical. Shell height: 9.20-10.15 mm. Shell width: 8.46-9.75 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BCD4B913D86CFDD31EE4E716CB82D4C3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spire. Spire height: 2.32-3.07 mm. Spire width: 3.32-3.67 mm. Number of whorls: up to 4 ⅛. Spire shape: oblong conical. Whorl periphery rounded. Umbilicus open.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="164ACD840C6E6CB2E2037F82E2BCC915" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Whorl constriction. At about 4 whorls posterior of protoconch.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B0659AB87C4171D383EC397DAE110F70" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Breathing tube. Length: 5.28-6.52 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E5E04513DFC93879D87E7F5EA8E2E89" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aperture and peristome. Aperture circular, moderately expanded. Aperture height: 4.11-5.14 mm. Aperture width: 4.27-4.93 mm. Peristome double, thickened, slightly notched at suture. Interspace narrow to wide. Peristome orientation 18-24° oblique with respect to the coiling axis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="541886BB7AA6B8F1707DF4E9591D037F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spiral lines. Indistinct, regularly spaced. Approximately 20-44 lines per 1 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="729FB14BA426B717C8F5144B234B0A59" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Radial ribs running anterior of breathing tube. Radial ribs pronounced, evenly spaced. Approximately 14-21 ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C58A12D4A2E9814F977BE41498B0F21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Radial ribs running perpendicular to breathing tube. Radial ribs more pronounced and thicker than those anterior of breathing tube, evenly spaced. Approximately 8-14 ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5E55A2E330D4958E612EDAD5FEB9491" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Radial ribs running posterior of breathing tube. Ribs absent. Only radial growth lines.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="78BE1A4D9D809E0053A6E0171E357D4E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Operculum. Concave, conical. Exterior covered by thick calcareous layer. Exterior has scaffold-like calcareous deposits overlaid on radially spiral lamellae. Interior covered by proteinaceous layer, mamillated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C7C0531D075D23EF071D3DD8891C4C3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Shell colour. First 3 whorls usually red, purple or pink. All colours fade to white towards ultimate whorl.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3BDBC4615DBCFCD7CAC501C2B5905480" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Living animal. Body brown. Head brown. Tentacles light to dark grey.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A6CF95FBCB51BB72AFA4ECD76B1433F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="F0019E8D21E8A893058C737868580A6D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DEC4B3EFB89CE2A47A76953C2E3A7F51" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lives under large rotten logs or on leaf litter. In wet, shady forests in both limestone and non-limestone areas.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A90DD4B3A3573A7916BA8F68E13C9CC2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BBE292A0685D8CD3CD1C6851F3C56A75" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6333B447AF16199DDB1BAFD411858EDC" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Widespread from Perlis to Perak on the west coast and in parts of Kelantan and Terengganu on the east coast but not found in Selangor, Pahang and the southern states of Peninsular Malaysia. Elsewhere, in Trang, southern Thailand (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CC1B314737863F70F13C430BFB65898" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Dioryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioryx pyramidalis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">Dioryx pyramidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Benson, 1856), in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="68FDBD900FCE36AE323C3F24457171A1" author="Habe, T" journalOrPublisher="Nature and life in Southeast Asia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="111 - 128" title="Operculated land molluscs from Southeast Asia." volume="4" year="1965">Habe (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AB639E4B34C2384F9DA2247F0D76BE00" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="31CD2BC0B43579FAF5422FD6BCA87701" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FFB923E2BFB09537073123A4259DB149" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEA06907CF9E4934A31B27D386C24407" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">Alycaeus gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="181A1CB89253BFDC1F4CD455351D45B4" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shell shape but differs in having a more expanded penultimate whorl, coarser sculpture, more oblique peristome, longer constriction whorl, longer breathing tube (longer by 0.66 mm), ultimate whorl that is very obtused prior to constriction and scaffold-like calcareous deposits at the operculum exterior. The animal body is brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C5D7D0A70FE5FBEAA23AC9EC0C5DDF9" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to grey in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A874B70B7DBD1686893FAFEE3923E0" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7846F300EF5B49F5F5C359213C14383E" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF2158915C92C8C554759D119D833655" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="05F7F5DC189BA0C20C6027E83FBDE417" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7755BCC0D88ED58A7F0E687DB31A7E3" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is housed in the Indian Museum, Kolkata, India (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7EB8983FAE8131F50947106782BF131" author="Nevill, G" journalOrPublisher="Order of the Trustees, Calcutta" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="Hand list of mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Part. I, Gastropoda, Pulmonata and Posobranchia-Neurobranchia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23978" year="1878">Nevill 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but was not examined in this study. Nevertheless, topotypic specimens from Penang Island (BOR/MOL 8525, BOR/MOL 8526) match the illustration of the type by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9567B1598F6DAF655DEB47F4EB917670" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="262 - 271" title="On the land shells of Penang Island, with descriptions of the animals and anatomical notes; part first, Cyclostomacea." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219508page/681" volume="41" year="1872">Stoliczka (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This is considered to be sufficient for positive species identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F34019CDD2B24183D21CD0CD4F0BA82E" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="80E99F9FD2B7640AA63D4A208D2F3C35" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">This</pageBreakToken>
|
||
species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB498214DCAC85D7DCF340F1A0EC561C" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has historically been confused with it. Studies that reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FDA60AF7F9BD69DA518F8ADE0DF1E87" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in various localities are as follows: Penang (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64A8388930088C51211FB84972BA696D" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="262 - 271" title="On the land shells of Penang Island, with descriptions of the animals and anatomical notes; part first, Cyclostomacea." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/219508page/681" volume="41" year="1872">Stoliczka 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8808CAE9585BA5A35F15CFF1EDA7441" author="Crosse, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="336 - 340" title="Faune malacologique de Perak (Indo-Chine)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15928398page/354" volume="27" year="1879 b">Crosse 1879b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="607434268983D39FEEC97C0808E5A31E" author="Tenison-Woods, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1003 - 1095" title="Malaysian land and freshwater mollusca." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13026" volume="3" year="1888">Tenison-Woods 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="76ABEBA63BEC8B41A4BACF7CB676ADEF" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Das Tierreich. Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. In: Kobelt W (Ed.) In Verbindung mit der deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft herausgegeben von der Koeniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Mollusca: Cyclophoridae. R." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1227" year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A995E49D9C7576028FFBB87C05289066" author="Laidlaw, FF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 37" title="A list of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with notes." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41559818" volume="6" year="1928">Laidlaw 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EEEE206780217973022DE528E0F1E68D" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="330 - 348" title="On the land and freshwater shells of Perak." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01757.x" volume="1891" year="1891">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1A4FADECA891DA6604C3940C64EFF549" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1891
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Perlis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7287304969B7992FFED7A1ED87EFD5EF" author="Benthem Jutting, van WSS" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="10 - 20" title="Some notes on land and freshwater mollusca of Malaya." url="http://natuurtijdschriften.nl/record/596402" volume="24" year="1960 a">Benthem Jutting 1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Perak (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C5B437499A2BCF2B27125320A0ADD055" author="Crosse, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="336 - 340" title="Faune malacologique de Perak (Indo-Chine)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15928398page/354" volume="27" year="1879 b">Crosse 1879b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="14774AD64DF9DC212D6DD3F4A7DABD11" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="299 - 316" title="The landshells of Perak." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145559/summary" volume="55" year="1886">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C5462C57C3EF034B705CB3B550944B8D" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1886
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="355D8F424C793D054702B7BE7A7655E8" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="330 - 348" title="On the land and freshwater shells of Perak." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01757.x" volume="1891" year="1891">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF28A78B8E2668ECB61E2A1B5F3EBCC6" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1891
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A90DAD192E26B2954EC2AA91016DC487" author="Davison, GWH" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="233 - 248" title="The terrestrial molluscan fauna of Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia." volume="48" year="1995">Davison 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE8D7C3FFED007FA8FF06E2F43B0CD8D" author="Chan, SY" journalOrPublisher="The Papustyla" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 2" title="A brief collecting trip to Perak, West Malaysia: Part Two." volume="12" year="1998 b">Chan 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Kelantan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="513801ED20D305806CD9304863B6162E" author="Sykes, ER" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Malacology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="60 - 63" title="On a collection of land and freshwater shells from Kelantan, Malay Peninsula." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145268/summary" volume="9" year="1902">Sykes 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="556F1E7E9631BC5B56B537144D7E5165" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="135 - 149" title="Binnenmollusken aus Hinterindien 1. Landschnecken von Kelantan, Ostkueste der Halbinsel Malacca." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145333/summary" volume="34" year="1902">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="54E62D7DB5263A56A49F8482E78605AA" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1902
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8F4880C14AB988ACBC2213B19F961BD" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="299 - 316" title="The landshells of Perak." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145559/summary" volume="55" year="1886">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="991DCA236782066380E1C954FCB79BC1" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1886)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that Perak shells differ from Penang shells in being paler as well as possessing a wider ultimate whorl. These shell forms are well within the morphological variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C04EEEA89C6E5C8509736166CEFBCAC" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An erroneous record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30208486C44E97046BB35305217E2614" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Dioryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioryx pyramidalis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">Dioryx pyramidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benson, 1856 in Peninsular Malaysia has been traced back to a mistake by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C582AFD628DA2DDF508FC3A131C31D7C" author="Habe, T" journalOrPublisher="Nature and life in Southeast Asia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="111 - 128" title="Operculated land molluscs from Southeast Asia." volume="4" year="1965">Habe (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in which specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEAB770F8A856C75FE4CA217B87B56EE" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Malay Peninsula were misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="110A0AEF495C1EC553CDDD88D03B2667" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus pyramidalis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">Alycaeus pyramidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benson, 1856. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C75A5BEAEDDF6A90141F44FD77A28506" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus chaperi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chaperi">Alycaeus chaperi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Morgan, 1885b, is also a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03046622F81CE9F7BF568509038EBD2F" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">Alycaeus gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB19EE2031A02CA3719624EE66230435" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="299 - 316" title="The landshells of Perak." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145559/summary" volume="55" year="1886">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AEE0B0575DB514ADA056E3DDC0F16BBF" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1886
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="560BD8519FEE40C8505D1E67659588E2" author="Moellendorff, von OF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="330 - 348" title="On the land and freshwater shells of Perak." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01757.x" volume="1891" year="1891">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E03BB7A3F64F0C83D11CAB51B4B11463" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
1891
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="10810554A1F6F8A2FD86171B9BA8EC39" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B37E3B6E0B1B5107083FDBD1B6BD1C0" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">Alycaeus gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported to exist sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1FE308D304EE8C0E6CD5FA3914914A4" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Gunung Rapat, Perak (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="461DB16C2410A26A94C1846C41C5D427" author="Foon, JK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 94" title="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" volume="682" year="2017">Foon et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Elsewhere range overlaps between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E9BDCD368D75C61606ADAB7982A93B" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD2FD13A26AC4C7347E92CA1CB9D9305" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain unresolved. In Kelantan,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3EBDE15AE55A936F0E29BB1586B1F9FF" author="Sykes, ER" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Malacology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="60 - 63" title="On a collection of land and freshwater shells from Kelantan, Malay Peninsula." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/145268/summary" volume="9" year="1902">Sykes (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned a collection of shells with typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D9726D6FC798DB4E44E5CE55550932A" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
characters and some which were "much less gibbous". These less gibbous shells are likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028533B43B24DBEE4926F2F4F4E2351F" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is common in Kelantan. Hence, it is possible that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D871EE6F9FFB75CEBB3F5B5186A2992B" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EACB33C1C3C7B65B7DCF806A673B9091" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
exist sympatrically in Kelantan. In Pahang where only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F747389EAAFDA0736FEC0AB3071D536F" lsidName="A. conformis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="conformis">A. conformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
records are confirmed, an aberrant record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA937DB9E9F879B6E6330080645E92E" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kuala Tahan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="542BAC91C2EFDCBEFCAF72507460BF69" author="Benthem Jutting, van WSS" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="10 - 20" title="Some notes on land and freshwater mollusca of Malaya." url="http://natuurtijdschriften.nl/record/596402" volume="24" year="1960 a">Benthem Jutting 1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) warrants investigation. The shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D4783D439B61E82EDBA026ED55932A" lsidName="A. gibbosulus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">A. gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sometimes coated in a layer of organic matter when alive (Figure 7F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B37EB965079538D460EDBB48D8142743" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="23267221F2E47C44C9789D93E36DA806" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Figure 17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D28932327D6A7FA773D0B8181A56917" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus gibbosulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosulus">Alycaeus gibbosulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stoliczka, 1872.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9B179148D2ED6361B913AF046D214DEA" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
Shell of BOR/MOL 8525
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7198A938C5A2B2286915F552796D0806" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
Close up of shell of BOR/MOL 8525
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BB3BE72C2F2B1F1A7B42E4B9E3AE27A6" originalValue="I–L">I-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
Operculum of BOR/MOL 8525
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29C223D87E7AFD134FE8702DD0C9F34E" originalValue="M–Q">M-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||
Shell of BOR/MOL 12960. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DF1A981144BD5DC90B482905CD996419" originalValue="A–Q">A-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||
1 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |