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<document id="49AB7815D9DC9A108F2FBFD9FE807FFA" ID-CLB-Dataset="29852" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4438.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ba7b88b1-1996-4f20-b1d9-8d30c380acd6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1294205" ID-ZooBank="AA5FCFA4-4222-40D2-A19F-A38DFC29C38F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1529535936609" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lattke, John E., Da Silva, Thiago S. R. &amp; Delsinne, Thibaut" docDate="2018" docId="2B49879B4A06FF9A08ACFE02FBFFFDBF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4438.1.6.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4438 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Strumigenys reticeps" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="D770FFE34A01FF93083BFFFDFF8CFFDF" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and Natural History of Strumigenys thaxteri Wheeler and Strumigenys reticeps (Kempf) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1698550131392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D63A16901D2D001F3473045683410D5B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="805FAE91FF27DBCA992621BD55A30447">Taxonomy and Natural History of Strumigenys thaxteri Wheeler and Strumigenys reticeps (Kempf) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6CD394DB7B8625C03192B5491E1998C7">Lattke, John E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC576715F9DCD917F379D019AF901C32">Da Silva, Thiago S. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="961FE1B36768015E89B12AE240F4B83D">Delsinne, Thibaut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="072D3FE786396F1C86975B9BBAAC5F1F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="499FE0C6852D926440D721698A4131E5">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="6EA811C0878FEF1BE4736A556DB92825" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4438.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2B49879B4A06FF9A08ACFE02FBFFFDBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5997437" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146015970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5997437" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B49879B4A06FF9A08ACFE02FBFFFDBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B49879B4A06FF9A08ACFE02FBFFFDBF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<subSubSection id="EBFA65064A06FF9408ACFE02FEA0FDE4" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408ACFE02FDC7FDC5" blockId="7.[151,587,511,571]" box="[151,587,511,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="F81781E14A06FF9408ACFE02FDC7FDC5" bold="true" box="[151,587,511,538]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF9408ACFE02FDC7FDC5" authority="(Kempf, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[151,587,511,538]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACFE02FDC7FDC5" bold="true" box="[151,587,511,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACFE02FE1DFDC6" bold="true" box="[151,401,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Strumigenys reticeps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF94099BFDFDFDCFFDC5" box="[416,579,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref8312" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1969) Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 12, 273 - 296." type="journal article">Kempf, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408ACFDDFFEA0FDE4" blockId="7.[151,587,511,571]" box="[151,300,546,571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
(
<figureCitation id="3BDB2A084A06FF9408A4FDDFFEA8FDE4" box="[159,292,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1497,1519]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,589,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[211,1376,589,1476]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Strumigenys reticeps, worker. Figs (A–C) Specimen UFV-LABECOL-000005: (A) Dorsal view of head. (B) Lateral view of body. (C) Dorsal view of body. Fig (D) Specimen deposited in DZUP, SEM image of tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294209/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Figs. 2A–D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBFA65064A06FF9408ACFD97FB2BFD03" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408ACFD97FC94FD5F" blockId="7.[151,1191,618,733]" box="[151,792,618,640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83F011A34A06FF9408ACFD97FC94FD5F" box="[151,792,618,640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF9408ACFD97FDB0FD5F" authority="Kempf, 1969: 286" authorityName="Kempf" authorityPageNumber="286" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,572,618,640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Codiomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACFD97FEF6FD5F" box="[151,378,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Codiomyrmex reticeps</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2241109C4A06FF9409BAFD97FDB0FD5F" author="" box="[385,572,618,640]" page="286" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF9409BAFD97FD85FD5F" box="[385,521,618,640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref8312" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1969) Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 12, 273 - 296." type="journal article">Kempf, 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 286
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 7–9 (w.)
<collectingCountry id="DBF7761D4A06FF940AE8FD97FC98FD5F" box="[723,788,618,640]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408ACFD74FB95FD40" blockId="7.[151,1191,618,733]" box="[151,1049,649,671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83F011A34A06FF9408ACFD74FB95FD40" box="[151,1049,649,671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF9408ACFD74FE7AFD40" authority="(Kempf)" authorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[151,502,649,671]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glamyromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACFD74FE19FD40" box="[151,405,649,671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Glamyromyrmex reticeps</emphasis>
(Kempf)
</taxonomicName>
. Combination in
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940A9FFD74FB99FD40" authority=": Bolton, 1995: 208" authorityName="Bolton" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1995" box="[676,1045,649,671]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glamyromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF940A9FFD74FCC1FD40" box="[676,845,649,671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Glamyromyrmex</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="2241109C4A06FF940B60FD74FB99FD40" author="" box="[859,1045,649,671]" page="208" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940B60FD74FC6EFD40" box="[859,994,649,671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref7686" refString="Bolton, B. (1995) A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 504 pp." type="book">Bolton, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 208
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408ACFD54FC14FD61" blockId="7.[151,1191,618,733]" box="[151,920,680,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83F011A34A06FF9408ACFD54FC14FD61" box="[151,920,680,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF9408ACFD54FE23FD61" ID-CoL="4QQCT" authority="(Kempf)" authorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[151,431,680,702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pyramica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACFD54FEC3FD61" box="[151,335,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Pyramica reticeps</emphasis>
(Kempf)
</taxonomicName>
. Combination in
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940A66FD54FC19FD61" ID-CoL="75X9" authority=": Bolton, 1999: 1672" authorityName=": Bolton, 1999:" authorityPageNumber="1672" authorityYear="1672" box="[605,917,680,702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pyramica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF940A66FD54FD33FD61" box="[605,703,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Pyramica</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="2241109C4A06FF940AF6FD55FC19FD61" author="" box="[717,917,680,702]" page="1672" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940AF6FD55FCD9FD61" box="[717,853,680,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref7715" refString="Bolton, B. (1999) Ant genera of the tribe Dacetonini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History, 33, 1639 - 1689. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399299798" type="journal article">Bolton, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 1672
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408ACFD3AFB2BFD03" blockId="7.[151,1191,618,733]" box="[151,1191,710,733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83F011A34A06FF9408ACFD3AFB2BFD03" box="[151,1191,710,733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF9408ACFD3AFE45FD03" authority="(Kempf)" authorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[151,457,710,733]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACFD3AFEE4FD02" box="[151,360,711,733]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Strumigenys reticeps</emphasis>
(Kempf)
</taxonomicName>
. Combination in
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940A4CFD3AFB2FFD03" ID-CoL="7PJL" authority=": Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade, 2007: 126" authorityName=": Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="2007" box="[631,1187,710,732]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF940A4CFD3AFD7FFD03" box="[631,755,711,732]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Strumigenys</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="2241109C4A06FF940B3AFD3BFB2FFD03" author="" box="[769,1187,710,732]" page="126" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940B3AFD3BFBFDFD03" box="[769,1137,710,732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref7570" refString="Baroni Urbani, C. &amp; De Andrade, M. L. (2007) The ant tribe Dacetini: limits and constituent genera, with descriptions of new species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 99, 1 - 191." type="journal article">Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade, 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 126
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBFA65064A06FF9A08ACFCF4FBFFFDBF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408ACFCF4FB08FCB5" blockId="7.[151,1437,777,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACFCF4FDA5FCFE" bold="true" box="[151,553,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Worker measurements and indices.</emphasis>
HL (0.45–0.52); HW (0.35–0.40); ML (0.05–0.07); EL (0.04–0.07); SL (0.19– 0.24); PW (0.25–0.27); WL (0.48–0.53);
<collectingCountry id="DBF7761D4A06FF940A50FCD3FD03FC9A" box="[619,655,814,837]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">PH</collectingCountry>
(0.12–0.13); PL (0.22–0.28); DPW (0.11–0.14) mm. CI (0.75–0.78); MI (0.10–0.15); OI (0.11–0.18); SI (0.51–0.66); LPI (0.46–0.54); DPI (0.46–0.50). (n=4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408FCFC89FD41FBC2" blockId="7.[151,1437,777,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<materialsCitation id="13883CD04A06FF9408FCFC89FD41FBC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1851012920" collectingDate="2008-07" collectingDateMax="2014-10-09" collectingDateMin="2008-07" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="Falbot, L. &amp; da Biologia &amp; J. Chaul &amp; N. Safar &amp; Specimen &amp; Epigeic Winkler &amp; Deposited" country="Brazil" county="Specimens" elevation="731" latitude="-20.758455" location="Fazenda Agua Quente" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.86379" municipality="Irati" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408FCFC89FE2AFC52" bold="true" box="[199,422,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<collectingCounty id="4A3E4E014A06FF9408FCFC89FECEFC52" box="[199,322,884,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Specimens</collectingCounty>
studied.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="DBF7761D4A06FF94098AFC88FE74FC51" box="[433,504,885,910]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A06FF940A3CFC8BFDDAFC51" box="[519,598,886,910]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="433BACF74A06FF940A5EFC88FD1BFC51" box="[613,663,885,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Irati</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A63F60564A06FF940A9DFC88FC26FC51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B49879B4A06FF9A08ACFE02FBFFFDBF:A63F60564A06FF940A9DFC88FC26FC51" box="[678,938,885,910]" country="Brazil" county="Specimens" latitude="-20.758455" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.86379" municipality="Irati" name="Fazenda Agua Quente" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" stateProvince="Parana">Fazenda Água Quente</location>
,
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,
<date id="D75E104D4A06FF940D24FC8BFA14FC51" box="[1311,1432,886,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2014-10-09">
<collectingDate id="C71AE9A54A06FF940D24FC8BFA14FC51" box="[1311,1432,886,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2014-10-09">09.X.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<location id="A63F60564A06FF9408ACFC67FF70FC6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B49879B4A06FF9A08ACFE02FBFFFDBF:A63F60564A06FF9408ACFC67FF70FC6E" box="[151,252,922,945]" country="Brazil" county="Specimens" latitude="-20.758455" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.86379" municipality="Irati" name="Marques" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" stateProvince="Parana">Marques</location>
, C. G. P.,
<collectorName id="0E15535B4A06FF940954FC64FE52FC6E" box="[367,478,921,946]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Falbot, L.</collectorName>
col. and
<collectingCountry id="DBF7761D4A06FF940A71FC64FD1DFC6D" box="[586,657,921,946]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A06FF940AA5FC67FC98FC6D" box="[670,788,921,946]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
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;
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;
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<collectingDate id="C71AE9A54A06FF940939FC43FED3FC09" box="[258,351,958,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" value="2009-04">IV.2009</collectingDate>
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.
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point-mounted voucher specimens deposited in
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.
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,
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Mata
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&amp;
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,
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UFV-LABECOL- 0 0 0 0 0 5.
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E-13.
<collectorName id="0E15535B4A06FF9409C0FBF8FDE1FBC1" box="[507,621,1029,1054]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Deposited</collectorName>
in UFV.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9408FCFBD4FD1BF915" blockId="7.[151,1437,777,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408FCFBD4FED6FB9E" bold="true" box="[199,346,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Morphology.</emphasis>
The original description made by
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940B2AFBD4FC36FB9D" box="[785,954,1065,1090]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref8312" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1969) Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 12, 273 - 296." type="journal article">Kempf (1969)</bibRefCitation>
is complete and provides most of the characteristics found in this species. There are only a small number of features that appears to vary among specimens. The size of the spiniform projection on the anterior margin of the clypeus is smaller in some specimens collected in the eastern region of
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A06FF940A29FB6BFD08FB71" box="[530,644,1173,1198]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
state, in the Peripheral Depression, although this variation is discrete. The promesonotal sculpture varies in intensity and size, being well-marked and prolonged almost to the propodeal dorsum in some specimens, and less marked and restricted to the promesonotal disc in others. The dorsum of the petiole node is normally as long as wide, but is wider than long in some specimens. Similar to
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940C8FFAFFFAABFAC6" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1204,1319,1281,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF940C8FFAFFFAABFAC6" box="[1204,1319,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the scape ventral surface is mostly densely reticulate rugulose with a smooth and shining elongate area extending up to halfway along the posterior margin, and the width is relatively uniform throughout the length. However, the sculpture is less marked when compared to
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940AB4FA93FC88FA5A" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[655,772,1389,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF940AB4FA93FC88FA5A" box="[655,772,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940B2FFA90FC39FA59" box="[788,949,1389,1414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref7755" refString="Bolton, B. (2000) The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 65, 1 - 1028." type="journal article">Bolton (2000)</bibRefCitation>
was uncertain about the orientation of the pilosity along the leading edge of the scape due to the possible loss of hairs in the specimens he observed. On the specimens studied in the present work, the hairs found in this region are filiform, with a few flagellate hairs, all of them oriented towards the apex of the scape. They are extremely fine and probably easily lost through abrasion. Most measurements obtained from the studied specimens are similar to those obtained by
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940CFFFA00FAE4F9C9" box="[1220,1384,1533,1558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref8312" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1969) Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 12, 273 - 296." type="journal article">Kempf (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF9408ACF9DCFEB5F9E5" box="[151,313,1569,1594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref7755" refString="Bolton, B. (2000) The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 65, 1 - 1028." type="journal article">Bolton (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. However, they have lower values of DPW (Dorsal Petiolar Width) compared to those obtained by Brown (1969). This discrepancy could be a reflection of shape variation of the petiole node. However, the original description and illustration are similar to some specimens observed in this study, more precisely with those with lower values of DPW. A thorough study of shape variation using analytical tools would better describe these structural nuances in the available specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A06FF9B08FCF928FAE3FDC7" blockId="7.[151,1437,777,2026]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408FCF928FCB4F932" box="[199,824,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408FCF928FDC9F931" bold="true" box="[199,581,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Morphology and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940A75F92BFCB4F932" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[590,824,1749,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">Strumigenys thaxteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940B49F92BFC6BF932" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[882,999,1750,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF940B49F92BFC6BF932" box="[882,999,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">S. reticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only members of the informal
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF9408ACF904FF62F8CE" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,238,1785,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9408ACF904FF62F8CE" box="[151,238,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF9409E9F904FD22F8CD" box="[466,686,1785,1810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref7755" refString="Bolton, B. (2000) The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 65, 1 - 1028." type="journal article">Bolton (2000: 241)</bibRefCitation>
. They both share a similar mandibular shape, with serially dentate mandibles and a convex dorsal margin when seen laterally; an acute triangular tooth on the cephalic dorsum, prominent humeral angles in dorsal view; spongiform appendages on the petiole and postpetiole, and the body clothed with abundant long and standing, flexuous hairs.
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF940B23F89BFB8CF8A2" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[792,1024,1894,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF940B23F89BFB8CF8A2" box="[792,1024,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Strumigenys reticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the smaller range of the two and is presently known from a few specimens taken in the southern Atlantic Forests of
<collectingCountry id="DBF7761D4A06FF940C6DF874FB16F87D" box="[1110,1178,1929,1954]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in the states of
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A06FF940D6DF874FF6FF819" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A06FF9408C8F850FE2EF819" box="[243,418,1965,1990]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A06FF940989F853FDA7F819" box="[434,555,1965,1990]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A06FF940A4BF853FC95F819" box="[624,793,1965,1990]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940B16F850FC4EF819" box="[813,962,1965,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref7755" refString="Bolton, B. (2000) The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 65, 1 - 1028." type="journal article">Bolton 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A06FF940BE8F850FBD8F819" box="[979,1108,1965,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref8849" refString="Silva, T. S. R. (2014) Dacetini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) da Mata Atlantica. Dissertation Universidade de Sao Paulo, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / D. 38.2014. tde- 06092014 - 121842" type="book">Silva 2014</bibRefCitation>
, in thesis). The few known specimens suggest the species may be rare and not prone to being collected in litter samples. Even though
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A06FF9B0DBCF82FFF63FF70" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="145" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A06FF9B0DBCF82FFF63FF70" italics="true" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">S. reticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears long silky hairs similar to
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0A5AFF65FD58FF6F" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[609,724,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0A5AFF65FD58FF6F" box="[609,724,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it lacks robust mandibles and claws, thus its foraging may not necessarily be the same, perhaps taking smaller prey items from the understory. The peculiar posteriorly oriented filiform pilosity in the clypeal dorsum might be related to a distinctive method of perceiving prey or facilitating compound volatilization from a possible clypeal gland. In addition, the long flagellate hairs distributed on the cephalic surface could contribute to perception of hovering prey. The eye length is relatively smaller compared to
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B08ACFEB1FE81FEBB" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,269,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B08ACFEB1FE81FEBB" box="[151,269,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(EL&lt;0.07), but both possess rather similar Ocular Index (OI) values. The similar proportion of eye length/head width found in both species possibly indicates a shared prey preference, with the smaller values of eye length in
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B093CFE69FEF1FE73" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[263,381,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B093CFE69FEF1FE73" box="[263,381,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. reticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
simply reflecting an isometric scaling of the eye size with the overall size of this species. Relatively smaller eyes, to a certain extent, may not necessarily imply a greatly reduced perception of potential prey or threats as the perception of environmental light patterns in insects is an interplay of various factors, not just eye size, that enable visually challenging tasks for even relatively small insects (
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A09FF9B0C21FE02FAEFFDC7" box="[1050,1379,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" refId="ref8121" refString="Gonzalez-Bellido, P. T., Wardill, T. J. &amp; Juusola, M. (2011) Compound eyes and retinal information processing in miniature dipteran species match their specific ecological demands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U. S. A., 108 (10), 4224 - 4229. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1014438108" type="journal article">
Gonzalez-Bellido
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0CD3FDFCFA96FDC7" box="[1256,1306,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F79F66054A09FF9B08ACFA24FA81F9D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294209/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" startId="8.[151,250,1497,1519]" targetBox="[211,1376,589,1476]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A09FF9B08ACFA24FA81F9D1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1497,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B08ACFA24FE9BFA31" bold="true" box="[151,279,1497,1519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B091AFA27FE7BFA30" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[289,503,1498,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B091AFA27FE7BFA30" box="[289,503,1498,1519]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Strumigenys reticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, worker. Figs (A–C) Specimen UFV-LABECOL-000005: (A) Dorsal view of head. (B) Lateral view of body. (C) Dorsal view of body. Fig (D) Specimen deposited in DZUP, SEM image of tarsal claw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A09FF9B08FCF9C6FE2FF863" blockId="8.[151,1437,1595,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
Other morphologically similar species are found in the Malaysian
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0BE1F9C6FBCBF98C" box="[986,1095,1595,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptothrix">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0BE1F9C6FBCBF98C" box="[986,1095,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">leptothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, which also possesses robust, serially dentate mandibles with convex dorsal margin seen laterally, and well-developed spongiform appendages on the petiole and postpetiole. Although most species do not have elongate and flexuous hairs, some have elongate simple hairs on entire dorsal head or restricted to the area behind the highest point of vertex. According to
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A09FF9B0905F936FE6AF93C" box="[318,486,1739,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" refId="ref7755" refString="Bolton, B. (2000) The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 65, 1 - 1028." type="journal article">Bolton (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, some species of the
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0ACFF936FCEDF93C" box="[756,865,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptothrix">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0ACFF936FCEDF93C" box="[756,865,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">leptothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0BFCF936FAF9F93B" authority="(Terayama &amp; Kubota)" authorityName="Terayama &amp; Kubota" baseAuthorityName="Terayama &amp; Kubota" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[967,1397,1739,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantula">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0BFCF936FBECF93C" box="[967,1120,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. elegantula</emphasis>
(Terayama &amp; Kubota)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0DBCF936FEE1F8D8" authority="Menozzi" authorityName="Menozzi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0DBCF936FE88F8D8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. jacobsoni</emphasis>
Menozzi
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0998F912FDD0F8D8" authority="Bolton" authorityName="Bolton" box="[419,604,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stheno">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0998F912FD8BF8D8" box="[419,519,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. stheno</emphasis>
Bolton
</taxonomicName>
) have particular dentition that increases the gripping/holding ability of the mandible, in which larger teeth intercalate with smaller teeth, with all of them slightly out of alignment and the longer teeth strongly inclined medioventrally. However, this arrangement differs from
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0C4AF8CAFB69F890" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1137,1253,1847,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0C4AF8CAFB69F890" box="[1137,1253,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B0D24F8CAFA18F890" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1311,1428,1847,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticeps">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B0D24F8CAFA18F890" box="[1311,1428,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. reticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have the basal 8–9 teeth larger than those situated more distally, with the apical tooth larger than those immediately preceding it. In any case, given such a diverse genus it is expected that similar problems will be met with different solutions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35F368D4A09FF9A08FCF83BFBFFFDBF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1595,2016]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9B08FCF83BFDB7F801" bold="true" box="[199,571,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
Sampling arboreal
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9B099FF83BFDBFF800" authorityName=": Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade" authorityYear="2007" box="[420,563,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Strumigenys</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The sparse records for both species and the huge gap in the distribution for
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A09FF9A0DBCF83AFF62FF6F" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A09FF9A0DBCF83AFF62FF6F" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
imply both are relatively scarce. If their foraging is mostly upon understory vegetation and not in the leaf litter then this apparent scarcity can be partially considered as a sampling artifact since leaf litter sifting is poorly suited for retrieving arboreal foraging ants. The locality label of the imaged
<typeStatus id="7C5B882F4A08FF9A0C15FF1DFB09FF27" box="[1070,1157,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
states “from beatings”, implying the collecting method used to capture the material studied by
<bibRefCitation id="C7714B7C4A08FF9A0BE8FEF9FB05FEC2" box="[979,1161,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refId="ref9045" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) Ants collected in Trinidad by Professor Roland Thaxter, Mr. F. W. Urich, and others. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 60, 323 - 330." type="journal article">Wheeler (1916)</bibRefCitation>
. The widespread use of leaf-litter sifters coupled with processing the litter using Winkler
<typeStatus id="7C5B882F4A08FF9A0BA2FED5FC45FE9F" box="[921,969,296,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">type</typeStatus>
extractors has been a milestone for ant collecting, changing our concept of ant diversity, especially that of ground ants. Our knowledge of the diversity of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A08FF9A0931FE8DFE1FFE58" authorityName=": Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade" authorityYear="2007" box="[266,403,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A08FF9A0931FE8DFE1FFE58" box="[266,403,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Strumigenys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has especially been broadened and deepened, but this very diversity obliges us to try novel collecting methods and explore habitats not usually probed by myrmecologists. A classical insect collecting method, the beating tray, has been used by generations of entomologists for general collecting or collecting insects associated with vegetation. Perhaps now is the time to incorporate this contraption into the ant collector’s toolkit and collect the specimens that should fill in the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A08FF9A0BB8FDFDFC76FDC7" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[899,1018,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A08FF9A0BB8FDFDFC76FDC7" box="[899,1018,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the Amazon-Orinoco Basin. Jacquemin’s use of this technique permitted the collection of an additional specimen of
<taxonomicName id="64E04D0E4A08FF9A0C45FDD9FB7EFDE3" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1150,1266,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaxteri">
<emphasis id="9194EA9F4A08FF9A0C45FDD9FB7EFDE3" box="[1150,1266,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">S. thaxteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in
<collectingRegion id="6124F86F4A08FF9A0D71FDD9FA10FDE2" box="[1354,1436,548,573]" country="Fiji" name="Central" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Central</collectingRegion>
America some myrmecologists are fully embracing vegetation beating (ADMAC 2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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