211 lines
19 KiB
XML
211 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.622.8682" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09848750-54a4-4624-98be-eab04a03b521" ID-PMC="PMC5096409" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-622-47" ID-PubMed="27843380" ID-ZBK="7D55B37957774A3CA7AF195D4C43A2A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-622-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 622" ModsDocTitle="Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile" checkinTime="1475802406755" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brescovit, Antonio D. & Sanchez-Ruiz, Alexander" docDate="2016" docId="3D6709186D264236B5E39D09C330094D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 622: 47-84" docOrigin="ZooKeys 622" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.622.8682" docTitle="Nasutonops Brescovit & Sanchez-Ruiz, 2016, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="DB6219F6-3347-4AFC-A52B-278E32FA652D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFF4FFBBFFBFFFC9FFECFFF3A4604B21" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1668163601053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brescovit, Antonio D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez-Ruiz, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>622</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>84</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.622.8682</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.622.8682</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-622-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">7D55B37957774A3CA7AF195D4C43A2A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7D55B37957774A3CA7AF195D4C43A2A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875823" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB6219F6-3347-4AFC-A52B-278E32FA652D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D6709186D264236B5E39D09C330094D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="58" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Araneae Caponiidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DB6219F6-3347-4AFC-A52B-278E32FA652D" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nasutonops</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="58">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops xaxado" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xaxado">Nasutonops xaxado</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">The generic name comes from the Latin words nasutus (with a large nose) combined with nops (less eyes), and is masculine in gender.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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Males and females can be easily distinguished from all other known caponiids by the presence of a clypeal horn, projected distally (Fig. 8A, C, J). The genus resembles species of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Caponina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caponina" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caponina</taxonomicName>
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by having the palp with a globose bulb and an elongate and curved embolus in males (see Platnick 1994, figs 26-28) and by having a similar pair of boomerang-shaped sclerotized bars in the female genitalia (see Platnick 1994, figs 22-25); however, it differs by the flattened base of the embolus originating from the distal area of the male bulb (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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), rather than the median area as in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Caponina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caponina" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caponina</taxonomicName>
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. The female differs by the strongly sclerotized transverse internal fold of the female genitalia, which is observed by transparecy on the posterior border of the anterior plate (Figs 8K, 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
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; 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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), which is not apparent in any
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Caponina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caponina" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caponina</taxonomicName>
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species. These three structures support the monophyly of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nasutonops</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops xaxado" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xaxado">Nasutonops xaxado</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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) female, same locality (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
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) A habitus, dorsal view B carapace, lateral view C ocular area, lateral view D left pedipalp, prolateral view E same, retrolateral view F same, ventral view G habitus, dorsal view H same, ventral view I carapace, ventral view J ocular area, dorsal view K genital area, ventral view L spinnerets, ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
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Moderate-sized caponiids with six eyes (Fig. 8A,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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, J). Carapace oval, anteriorly narrowed to half its maximum width, pars cephalica depressed behind cephalic area, depressed between coxa of endite and coxa I, pars thoracica medially higher than laterally or posteriorly, gradually sloping laterally and posteriorly (Fig. 8B); cuticle smooth; few dorsally directed strong bristles on the clypeal area; carapace smooth; thoracic groove almost absent (Fig. 8A, G). Clypeal horn, distally conic, striated anteriorly and posteriorly, shorter in females (Figs 8C, J; 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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; 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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). Six eyes, medians largest and more elevated than laterals (Figs 8C, 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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), dark, separated by almost their radius, surrounded by black pigment; laterals white and oval, posteriors half the size of anteriors (Figs 8J, 10I). Cheliceral paturon with long and strong bristles medially (Figs 9E, 10F); base of fang unmodified; median lamina short, with irregular anteromedian tip; most of the space between the lamina and base of fang occupied by white membranous lobe; lateral surface with large stridulatory ridges in males and females (Figs 9G; 10G), pick on prolateral side of palpal femur, triangular, situated at approximately one-fifth of femur length (Figs 10K, 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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). Endites convergent, acuminate, not touching, covered with many long basal setae that shorten distally (Fig. 8I), with strong and long distal serrula consisting of a single tooth row with more than 20 teeth (Fig. 9H). Labium triangular, fused to sternum, covered with many scattered setae (Fig. 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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); labrum short, narrow, slightly elevated. Sternum longer than wide, smooth, without radial furrows between coxae, covered with scattered long setae, not fused to carapace (Fig. 8I); cephalothoracic membranes without epimeric sclerites, but long triangular sclerites extend from sternum between coxae I and II, II and III, and III and IV, shorter triangles extend to each coxae. Leg formula 4123; legs without spines; metatarsi and tarsi entire, without subsegmentation or membranous processes;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="59" start="start">tarsi</pageBreakToken>
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with three claws; paired claws with approximately ten teeth (more on leg I-II), distal teeth largest; unpaired claw shorter than paired ones, with five minuscule teeth (Fig. 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Tibiae with trichobothria in a double row, metatarsi and tarsi with trichobothria in single row, bases almost smooth, with strong external border (Fig. 10C); tarsal organ exposed, oval, not elevated, consisting of two oval, sclerotized laminae (Fig. 10D); female palpal tarsus elongate, prolateral surface densely covered with setae, without claw (Figs 10L; 12C). Abdomen immaculate and pilose; epigastric plate sclerotized (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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; 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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), two pairs of small respiratory spiracles. Six spinnerets (Figs 8L, 12G) in typical caponiid arrangement, anterior laterals shorter than posterior laterals, with one major ampullate gland spigot and at least three smaller piriform gland spigots; posterior medians with single, very thick, medially situated spigot presumed to serve minor ampullate gland, and 5-6 smaller, more peripheral spigots arranged in a ring, presumed to serve aciniform glands; posterior laterals with 8-10 central and peripheral aciniform gland spigots. Male palpal femur twice the length of the tibia, patella shorter than the tibia, unmodified; cymbium ovoid, prolateral surface densely covered with strong setae; bulb globose; embolus long, curved at base, flattened, with small teeth in the distal third, narrowed distally, with sinuous tip (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–F">B-F</normalizedToken>
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; 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–L">I-L</normalizedToken>
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). External female genitalia with large, rectangular, sclerotized anterior plate, and postepigastric scutum represented by a pair of narrowed sclerites, represented by a transparent area on an internal strongly sclerotized trasverse fold on the posterior border of the anterior plate (Figs 8K; 12 F). Internal female genitalia consist of a pair of boomerang-shaped sclerotized bars, that may or may not converge anteriorly, associated with the uterus externus short but with a wide base occupying almost the entire width of the sclerotized bars; strongly sclerotized transverse fold runs along nearly all of the epigastric area, reaching the posterior ends of the sclerotized bars (Figs 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
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; 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 9. SEM images of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops xaxado" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xaxado">Nasutonops xaxado</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
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) A carapace, lateral oblique view B ocular area, lateral oblique view C striated area between posterior eyes, detail, dorsal view D clypeal projection, lateral view E same with chelicerae, anterior view F same, anterior view G chelicerae, stridulatory area, lateral view H serrula, lateral view I left pedipalp, retrolateral view J embolus, retrolateral view K tip of embolus, distal area L bulb, ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 10. SEM images of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops xaxado" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xaxado">Nasutonops xaxado</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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) and female (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–L">E-L</normalizedToken>
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) from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. A paired claws on right leg II, prolateral view B unpaired claw on right leg II, prolateral view C trichobothria base on right leg II, dorsal view D tarsal organ on right leg II, dorsal view E ocular area, lateral oblique view F same, anterior view G chelicerae, stridulatory area, lateral view H clypeal projection, lateral view I same, dorsal view J striated area between posterior eyes, detail, dorsal view K stridulatory pick on left pedipalp, prolateral view L distal area of left pedipalp, anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops xaxado" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xaxado">Nasutonops xaxado</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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)
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops chapeu" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapeu">Nasutonops chapeu</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male and female from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Irecê">Irece</normalizedToken>
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, Bahia (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–G">C-G</normalizedToken>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops sincora" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sincora">Nasutonops sincora</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female from Contendas do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sincorá">Sincora</normalizedToken>
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, Bahia (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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) (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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) female internal genitalia A, F, H dorsal view B, G, I anterior view (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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) male palp, A prolateral view B ventral view D prolateral view (if = internal transversal fold, psb = pair of sclerotized bars). Scale bars:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops sincora" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sincora">Nasutonops sincora</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female from Contendas do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sincorá">Sincora</normalizedToken>
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, Bahia (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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). A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C carapace, ventral view D ocular area, lateral view E same, dorsal view F genital area, ventral view G spinnerets, ventral view.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nasutonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nasutonops xaxado" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xaxado">Nasutonops xaxado</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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) HSEM images of internal genitalia, dorsal view I same, posterior view J same, anterior view (if = internal transversal fold; psb = pair of sclerotized bars). Scale bars:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Known only from Brazilian Caatinga in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |