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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.151.2264" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e71246ff-ba9c-4294-9b57-5a30bb91b1cc" ID-PMC="PMC3286225" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-151-1" ID-PubMed="22368450" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-151-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 151" ModsDocTitle="Sphincterochilidae from Tunisia, with a note on the subgenus Rima Pallary, 1910 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)" checkinTime="1451249529638" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abbes, Intidhar, Nouira, Said &amp; Neubert, Eike" docDate="2011" docId="1F4C48EFCAB39752878414AF1035A1C1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 151: 1-15" docOrigin="ZooKeys 151" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.151.2264" docTitle="Sphincterochila (Albea) candidissima Draparnaud 1801" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FF95FF88F01B5C5B444ED71AFFCAFFD4" masterDocTitle="Sphincterochilidae from Tunisia, with a note on the subgenus Rima Pallary, 1910 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668152892815" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Sphincterochilidae from Tunisia, with a note on the subgenus Rima Pallary, 1910 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Abbes, Intidhar</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nouira, Said</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neubert, Eike</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>151</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>15</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.151.2264</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.151.2264</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-151-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F4C48EFCAB39752878414AF1035A1C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F4C48EFCAB39752878414AF1035A1C1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphincterochila_candidissima" authority="Draparnaud, 1801" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila (Albea) candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima" subGenus="Albea">Sphincterochila (Albea) candidissima (Draparnaud, 1801)</taxonomicName>
Figs 1-45A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Helix candidissima</taxonomicName>
Draparnaud, 1801: 75.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites candidissimus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissimus">Zonites candidissimus</taxonomicName>
, -
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bourguignat 1863</bibRefCitation>
: 85.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites candidissimus subsp. maxima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="candidissimus" subSpecies="maxima">Zonites candidissimus maxima</taxonomicName>
Bourguignat, 1863: 87.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites candidissimus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissimus">Zonites candidissimus</taxonomicName>
, -
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bourguignat 1864</bibRefCitation>
: 322.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Zonites candidissima</taxonomicName>
, -
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bourguignat 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Leucochroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochroa candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Leucochroa candidissima</taxonomicName>
, -
<bibRefCitation author="Issel, A" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="5 - 15" title="Materiali per lo studio della fauna tunisina raccolti da G. e L. Doria." volume="12" year="1885">Issel 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Leucochroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochroa candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Leucochroa candidissima</taxonomicName>
, -
<bibRefCitation author="Letourneux, A" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie nationale, Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Prodrome de la malacologie terrestre et fluviatile de la Tunisie." year="1887">Letourneux and Bourguignat 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Leucochroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochroa baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Leucochroa baetica</taxonomicName>
, -
<bibRefCitation author="Letourneux, A" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie nationale, Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Prodrome de la malacologie terrestre et fluviatile de la Tunisie." year="1887">Letourneux and Bourguignat 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 4 [non
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Helix baetica</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rossmässler">Rossmaessler</normalizedToken>
, 1839].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Leucochroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochroa baetica var. tunetana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="baetica" variety="tunetana">Leucochroa baetica var. tunetana</taxonomicName>
Letourneux &amp; Bourguginat, 1887: 4 [Guelaat es Snam; secondary homonym of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix tunetana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tunetana">Helix tunetana</taxonomicName>
L. Pfeiffer, 1850].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Leucochroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochroa candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Leucochroa candidissima</taxonomicName>
, -
<bibRefCitation author="Ktari, MH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de la Tunisie" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="31 - 74" title="La faune malacologique de la Tunisie septentrionale." volume="11" year="1976">Ktari and Rezig 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 37.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="type specimens">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type specimens</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">candidissima: syntype NHMW 14810, D = 17.95 mm [no original label left, type locality: France, &quot;en Provence et dans le Comtat&quot;; maxima: not identifiable in MHNG; tunetana: MHNG 3896, D= 20.0 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Bizerte:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aïn">Ain</normalizedToken>
Ezzommita,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.87628">N 36.87628</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.64936">E 9.64936</geoCoordinate>
, 23.12.08, coll. Abbes/8; Barrage El Khadhra,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.16681">N 36.16681</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.06214">E 10.06214</geoCoordinate>
, 14.12.08, coll. Abbes/4; Barrage El Khirba,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.16354">N 37.16354</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.0955">E 10.0955</geoCoordinate>
, 21.02.08, coll. Abbes/6; Utique,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.04007">N 37.04007</geoCoordinate>
, E 1003244, 02.03.05, coll. Abbes/9; Nabeul: NEUB 02879, Wadi NE of the city, 36°28'
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="10.763889">N 10°45'50&quot;</geoCoordinate>
E, 26.-31.12.1993, leg. B. &amp; R. Kinzelbach; Ariana, Djebel Bejewa,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.03027">N 37.03027</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.02704">E 10.027040</geoCoordinate>
, 11.04.08, coll. Abbes/12; Ichkeul National Park, N 37. 11255,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.34953">E 9.34953</geoCoordinate>
, 04.03.07, coll. Abbes/7; Tunis: NEUB 02878, Tunis, 20 km S of Hamamet, 02.03.1993, leg. J. Gugel; Ben Arous: Djebel Boukornine,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.4122">N 36.4122</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.2125">E 10.2125</geoCoordinate>
, 4.01.07, coll. Abbes/8; Djebel
<normalizedToken originalValue="Reças">Recas</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.59382">N 36.59382</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.3194">E 10.3194</geoCoordinate>
, 09.10.08, coll. Abbes/5; Nabeul: Assomaa,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.52552">N 36.52552</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.77991">E 10.77991</geoCoordinate>
, 04.02.09, coll. Abbes/3; Korbos,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.8295">N 36.82950</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.57071">E 10.57071</geoCoordinate>
, 03.02.09, coll. Abbes/8; Zaghouan: Djebel Zaghouan,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.37543">N 36.37543</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.11868">E 10.11868</geoCoordinate>
, August 2008, coll. Abbes/9; Djebel Zriba,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.37">N 36.37</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="10.11">E 10.11</geoCoordinate>
, 20.08.08, coll. Abbes/1; Beja, Nefza,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="97.0041">N 97.0041</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.08434">E 9.08434</geoCoordinate>
, 4.4.05, coll. Abbes/2; Jendouba, Ouechteta,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.96445">N 36.96445</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.01706">E 9.01706</geoCoordinate>
, 24.12.08, coll. Abbes/4; El Kef: Djebel Boujeber,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.73791">N 35.73791</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.27292">E 8.27292</geoCoordinate>
, 26.12.08, coll. Abbes/3; Sousse, Tekrouna,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.08575">N 36,085749</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.182551">E 10,182551</geoCoordinate>
, 25.08.2008, coll. Abbes/2; Siliana: Ain tejra,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.26">N 36.26</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="9.43">E 9.43</geoCoordinate>
, 07.11.08, coll. Abbes/16; Kairouan:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aïn">Ain</normalizedToken>
Chrichira,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.63908">N 35.63908</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.8095">E 9.80950</geoCoordinate>
, 14.12.08, coll. Abbes/9; Sbikha,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.98503">N 35.98503</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.03106">E 10.03106</geoCoordinate>
, 14.12.08, coll. Abbes/17; Djebel Serj,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.04555">N 36.04555</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.63311">E 9.63311</geoCoordinate>
, 28.12.08, coll. Abbes/2; Mehdia, Dowwira,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.26905">N 35.26905</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.09773">E 11.09773</geoCoordinate>
, 19.03.09, coll. Abbes/4; Sidi Bouzid: Bouhedma National Park,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.185722">N 34.185722</geoCoordinate>
, E 245520, 11.05.08, coll. Abbes/10; NEUB 02875, Jebel Bou Hedma, 15-18.03.1993, leg. J. Gugel; NEUB 02876, Sabkhat Mecheguig, ca. 50 km S Kairouan, 02.03.1993, leg. J. Gugel; Kasserine: Djebel Chaambi,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.10139">N 35.10139</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.40486">E 8.40486</geoCoordinate>
, 30.11.08, coll. Abbes/8; Table de Jugurtha, 20.05.09, coll. Abbes/11; Kebili: NEUB 02874, big erg close to Ksar Rhilane, 32°59'
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.633333">N 9°38'</geoCoordinate>
E, 09.03.1993, leg. J. Gugel; NEUB 02880, Kebili, 30 km S of the city, 33°29'N, 9°02'E, 12.03.1993, leg. J. Gugel; Tataouine: NEUB 02877, Tataouine, 32°56'N, 10°27'E, 05.03.1993, leg. J. Gugel; NEUB 02881, Gouvernorat de Tataouine, Ramadah, 32°19'N, 10°24'E, 05.03.1993, leg. J. Gugel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Shell medium sized, helicoid, globose, shell walls thick, external surface slightly wrinkled, last whorl rounded, aperture rounded, umbilicus closed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(Figs 2-4). Shell medium sized, helicoid, globose, spire slightly depressed; shell colour white; protoconch consisting of two smooth whorls; shell walls thick, teleoconch of six nearly flattened whorls, last whorl large, rounded and sometimes inconspicuously keeled and slightly descending below the periphery of the shell; suture shallow to moderately deep; upper teleoconch surface smooth or with fine irregularly shaped wrinkles; aperture dorsoventrally depressed; peristome discontinuous, only slightly thickened; umbilicus closed by a thick reflection of the columellar peristome. - Measurement (n = 20). H = 17.3 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.46; D = 20.57 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.33.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="anatomy of genital organs">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Anatomy</pageBreakToken>
of genital organs
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
(Fig. 5A). Penis thick with a short and blunt penial coecum, epiphallus a long and cylindrical slender tube reaching 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of the penis, penial papilla missing; flagellum relatively long; Mrp inserts at the distal third of the epiphallus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Stimulator gland large, stimulator appendix branches off in a basal position; stimulator duct short, pointing into the large genital atrium with a small papilla.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Vagina</pageBreakToken>
very short and slender; pedunculus reaching half of the lenght of the whole bursa copulatric complex, diverticulum short and thickened, bursa copulatrix a well rounded vesicle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="geographic range">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geographic range</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This is a species of western Mediterranean distribution (
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Giusti et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
), but its actual presence in NW Africa has to be corroborated by a serious investigation of all specimens available including dissections of preserved specimens. Its hitherto known distribution in Tunisia is given in Fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The species
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Sphincterochila baetica</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rossmässler">Rossmaessler</normalizedToken>
, 1839), which was described from Spain (between Almeria and Venta del Pobre) has been reported for Northwestern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia (
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bourguignat 1863</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Letourneux, A" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie nationale, Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Prodrome de la malacologie terrestre et fluviatile de la Tunisie." year="1887">Letourneux and Bourguignat 1887</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Morlet 1881</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Rour, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="189 - 198" title="Etat actuel des connaissances de la malacofaune terrestre du Maroc." volume="72" year="2002">Rour et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
). We here figure one syntype of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Helix baetica</taxonomicName>
(SMF 7669, Fig. 6) to show the differences between the two species: next to the size difference, shells of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Sphincterochila candidissima</taxonomicName>
are usually smooth or show a fine sculpture of small wrinkles, while
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Sphincterochila baetica</taxonomicName>
has much stronger and coarse wrinkles or is even malleated, particularly on the upper whorls; in addition, shells of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Sphincterochila candidissima</taxonomicName>
ususally have a rounded periphery of the last whorl (exceptions see our Figs 3 and 4), while
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Sphincterochila baetica</taxonomicName>
shows a bluntly angulated last whorl. The shell of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Leucochroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochroa baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Leucochroa baetica</taxonomicName>
var. tunetana might mislead to an identification as
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Sphincterochila baetica</taxonomicName>
as it is quite large and shows the angulation. However, it has the typical finely striated surface sculpture of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Sphincterochila candidissima</taxonomicName>
, and thus can be synonymised with this species. The collection of Bourguignat in Geneva did not contain any specimen from northwestern Africa that could positively be identified with
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila baetica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baetica">Sphincterochila baetica</taxonomicName>
. However, his collection is particularly weak concerning shells from Morocco, so we are not able at the moment to judge about records from Algeria or Morocco. So far, all specimens we have seen from Tunisia can be identified with
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Sphincterochila candidissima</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The morphological details of the genital organs of dissected specimens from Tunisia compare very well with those presented by
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Forcart (1972</bibRefCitation>
: figs 8, 9) from southern France and
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Giusti et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
from Malta.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 1. Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphincterochila</taxonomicName>
species in Tunisia ●
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Sphincterochila candidissima</taxonomicName>
(Draparnaud, 1801) 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila tunetana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tunetana">Sphincterochila tunetana</taxonomicName>
(Pfeiffer, 1850).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figures 2-4.
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Sphincterochila candidissima</taxonomicName>
(Draparnaud, 1801) 2 syntype ex NMHW, France, probably from the Provence 3 syntype of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Leucochroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucochroa baetica var. tunetana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="baetica" variety="tunetana">Leucochroa baetica var. tunetana</taxonomicName>
Letourneux &amp; Bourguginat, 1887, MHNG 3896, Tunisia, Guelaat es Snam 4 NMBE, Ain Tejra, 07.11.2008, leg. I. Abbes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 5. Anatomical details. A
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila candidissima" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="candidissima">Sphincterochila candidissima</taxonomicName>
, situs of genital organs.
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila tunetana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tunetana">Sphincterochila tunetana</taxonomicName>
. BC situs of genital organs of two specimens D Detail stimulator gland showing the large stimulator papilla pointing into the atrial lumen. - Figs
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
at the same scale. Figure 5E.
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Sphincterochilidae" genus="Sphincterochila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphincterochila cariosa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cariosa">Sphincterochila cariosa</taxonomicName>
(Olivier, 1801). Situs of genital organs (shell illustrated in Fig. 10); length of complete situs 14.9 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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