206 lines
16 KiB
XML
206 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249533" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-37-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574842" ID-ZooBank="6F9DA9D1500045DBAB0E5212EF158781" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7456681F-AAEC-4B62-ABC3-B1C9EB3387F2" ModsDocID="1314-2607-37-1" checkinTime="1621553268717" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., Whitfield, James B., Smith, M. Alex, Braet, Yves, Hallwachs, Winnie & Janzen, Daniel H." docDate="2014" docId="7724AA9346CFD00F2F3171E8871C9E88" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 37" docPubDate="2014-03-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748" docTitle="Prasmodon verhoogdenokus Braet & Fernandez-Triana 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="7456681F-AAEC-4B62-ABC3-B1C9EB3387F2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E" masterDocTitle="Review of the Neotropical genus Prasmodon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1643519239053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the Neotropical genus Prasmodon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N 1 G 2 W 1 Canada & Canadian National Collection of Insects, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K 1 A 0 C 6 Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N 1 G 2 W 1 Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Braet, Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Unite d'Entomologie fonctionnelle et evolutive, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Universite de Liege, B- 1030 Gembloux, Belgique; and Departement d'entomologie, IRSNB, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgique</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - 6018 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - 6018 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-03-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>37</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>52</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-37-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6F9DA9D1500045DBAB0E5212EF158781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574842</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249533" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7456681F-AAEC-4B62-ABC3-B1C9EB3387F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7724AA9346CFD00F2F3171E8871C9E88" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/7456681F-AAEC-4B62-ABC3-B1C9EB3387F2" authority="Braet & Fernández-Triana" authorityName="Braet & Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2014" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prasmodon verhoogdenokus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verhoogdenokus" status="sp. n.">
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Prasmodon verhoogdenokus Braet &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–93" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 88 - 93. Prasmodon verhoogdenokus. 88 Habitus 89 Fore wing 90 Antenna (partially) 91 Metatibia 92 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 93 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11945" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 88-93</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Vila Vera, 500m, -12.7667, -55.5.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. BRAZIL, Vila Vera, M. Grosso, 500m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.766666">12°46'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.5">55°30'W</geoCoordinate>
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, X.1973, M. Alvarenga. 2. DNA Voucher, CNCHYM 01971.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paratype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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6 ♀ (CNC, RMNH, IRSNB, MNHN). Ecuador, Napo, Tena, 400m, 16-17.ii.1987 (1 ♀); French Guiana, Saul, collecting dates: 2.ix.2010, 17.ix.2010, 26.x.2010 (3 ♀), Saul, Crique popote, Mont
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Belvedère">Belvedere</normalizedToken>
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, xii.2000 (1 ♀), Kourou, Piste Soumourou, 13.vi-20.vii.2002 (1 ♀).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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3 ♂ from Colombia, Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, San Martin, 150m (INHS); 2 ♂ from Ecuador, Napo, P. Misahualli, 350m (CNC); 98 ♂ from French Guiana, Sinamary, Barrage de Petit-Saut; Inselberg
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itoupé">Itoupe</normalizedToken>
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; RNR
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Trinité">Trinite</normalizedToken>
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, Zone Aya; Nourages Reserve; Montagne de Kaw, Relais Patawa; and Saul (CNC and IRSNB); 2 ♂ from Peru, Madre de Dios, Rio Tampobata, Sachavacayoc center; and Loreto,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Matse’s">Matse's</normalizedToken>
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Reserved Zone, site Jenaro Herrera, Rio Ucayali (CNC); 1 ♂ from Suriname, Paramaribo Zoo (RMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Female.</emphasis>
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Body length 4.1-4.2 mm, 4.3-4.4 mm, 4.5-4.6 mm, rarely 3.9-4.0 mm or 4.7-4.8 mm. Fore wing length 4.3-4.4 mm, 4.5-4.6 mm, rarely 4.9-5.0 mm. Body color: meso- and metasoma entirely yellow-orange (with the exception of a very small black spot on axillar complex) (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–93" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 88 - 93. Prasmodon verhoogdenokus. 88 Habitus 89 Fore wing 90 Antenna (partially) 91 Metatibia 92 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 93 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11945" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 92, 93</figureCitation>
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). Scape color: partially dark brown to black (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–93" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 88 - 93. Prasmodon verhoogdenokus. 88 Habitus 89 Fore wing 90 Antenna (partially) 91 Metatibia 92 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 93 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11945" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
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). Flagellomeres color: with relatively extense yellow area (at least including F13-15, and usually apical half of F11 and basal half of F16) (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–93" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 88 - 93. Prasmodon verhoogdenokus. 88 Habitus 89 Fore wing 90 Antenna (partially) 91 Metatibia 92 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 93 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11945" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 88, 91</figureCitation>
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). Tegula and humeral complex color: tegula pale, humeral complex partially dark/partialy pale. Mesotibia color: entirely yellow. Metatibia color: posterior 0.1-0.3 dark brown to black. Metatibia spurs color: yellow-orange. Metatarsus color: dark brown to black (except for anterior 0.7 or less of first metatarsomere). Fore wing color pattern: mostly infumate, but with pale area centrally which gives the wing a banded appearance. Fore wing veins color: all veins dark brown (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–93" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 88 - 93. Prasmodon verhoogdenokus. 88 Habitus 89 Fore wing 90 Antenna (partially) 91 Metatibia 92 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 93 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11945" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
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). Pterostigma color: entirely dark brown. Hypostomal carina: highly raised. Scutoscutellar sulcus: with 6 impressions, rarely with 5 impressions. Areolet height÷vein r length (fore wing): 0.15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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or less. Hind wing subbasal cell: mostly without setae. Hind tarsal claws: with pectination (teeth) very irregular in spacing and length. Shape of mediotergite 1: distinctly narrowing posteriorly, width at posterior margin clearly less than width at anterior margin and median width (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–93" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 88 - 93. Prasmodon verhoogdenokus. 88 Habitus 89 Fore wing 90 Antenna (partially) 91 Metatibia 92 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 93 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11945" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
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). Mediotergite 1 length÷width at posterior margin
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">5.6</pageBreakToken>
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-6.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin÷length: 2.6-3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as metatibia, rarely 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as metatibia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Male.</emphasis>
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Morphologically similar to females, except for antenna.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11945" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="Figures 88–93" startId="F16">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figures 88-93.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Braet & Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2014" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verhoogdenokus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Prasmodon verhoogdenokus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">88</emphasis>
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Habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">89</emphasis>
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Fore wing
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">90</emphasis>
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Antenna (partially)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">91</emphasis>
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Metatibia
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">92</emphasis>
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Head and mesosoma, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">93</emphasis>
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Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Molecular</pageBreakToken>
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data.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 0. Two additional short sequences are available from two male specimens, but they were not included in the paratype series (see Comments below).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="biology and ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Light trapped and Malaise trapped.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">From Dutch "verhoogde nok"= raised ridge, referring to the raised hypostomal carina.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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The wide distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Braet & Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2014" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verhoogdenokus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Prasmodon verhoogdenokus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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throughout South America, suggests it may represent a complex of morphologically cryptic species. At present there is no host known for the species, and the molecular data are meagre. Two male specimens from Ecuador that appear to be of this species rendered partial DNA sequences that differed by approximately 5% bp from the partial barcode of the female holotype (but the COI sequences for those three specimens only overlap for 240 bp). Although males included under this species look morphologically similar to the female holotype and the paratypes, they have been left out of the paratype series.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |