203 lines
19 KiB
XML
203 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.281.4171" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e93bf22f-c936-4333-bd55-9f649c6145e3" ID-PMC="PMC3677383" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-281-1" ID-PubMed="23794833" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-281-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 281" ModsDocTitle="An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae)" checkinTime="1451247523662" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Manconi, Renata, Cadeddu, Barbara, Ledda, Fabio & Pronzato, Roberto" docDate="2013" docId="2105EB40E7E191711DC3CD79CA3E18E3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 281: 1-68" docOrigin="ZooKeys 281" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.281.4171" docTitle="Sarcotragus fasciculatus comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="C072CF22FF8D1B0DFFEDFC74FFD1FFD2" masterDocTitle="An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668155531944" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Manconi, Renata</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cadeddu, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ledda, Fabio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pronzato, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>281</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>68</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.281.4171</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.281.4171</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-281-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2105EB40E7E191711DC3CD79CA3E18E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2105EB40E7E191711DC3CD79CA3E18E3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sarcotragus_fasciculatus" authority="(Schmidt, 1862) comb. n." class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus (Schmidt, 1862) comb. n.</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 20
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Hircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Hircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt, 1862: 34
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Growth form massive, irregular (up to 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15 cm in diameter). Surface regularly conulose (1 mm in height, 1-2 mm apart). Skeleton network light brown, fragile, reticulate with more or less square meshes from the sponge base to the surface. Almost parallel ascending primary fibres (200-300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter) free from foreign inclusions, with apices supporting conules. Each primary fibre as a bundle of some (2-
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
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) uncored secondary fibres (50-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter) joined by conspicuous spongin tracts and cribrose plates. Filaments less than 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, abundant, and whitish.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Cave, rocky bottom,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Posidonia oceanica" order="Alismatales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">Posidonia oceanica</taxonomicName>
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meadow, coralligenous community. Bathymetric range 1-100 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="mediterranean caves">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mediterranean Caves.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Blue, La Catedral, J1, Meda Petita, Petita de la Vaca, Misidacis caves (Balearic Sea); Bagaud, Endoume, Figuier,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Trèmies">Tremies</normalizedToken>
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caves (Gulf of Lions); Zoagli-Chiavari Cave (Ligurian Sea); Misteri, Gaiola, Tuffo Tuffo caves (Central Tyrrhenian Sea); Molare caves (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea); Monastir, Salakta caves (Sicily
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<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">Channel</pageBreakToken>
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); Leuca caves (Ionian Sea);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Stražica">Strazica</normalizedToken>
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Cave (Northern Adriatic Sea); Arenile, Pagliai, Viole, Coccodrillo, Cala Tonda, Bue Marino, Rondinelle, Pecore, Regina caves (Southern Adriatic Sea) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Archivio Zoologico Italiano" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="203 - 280" title="Studio sui Poriferi di una grotta di marea del Golfo di Napoli." volume="43" year="1958">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sarà">Sara</normalizedToken>
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1958
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 7" title="Considerazioni sulla distribuzione ed ecologia dei Poriferi nelle grotte." volume="11" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 32" title="Zonazione dei Poriferi nella Grotta " della Gaiola "." volume="13" year="1961 a">1961a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Archivio Zoologico Italiano" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 59" title="La fauna dei Poriferi delle grotte delle isole Tremiti. Studio ecologico e sistematico." volume="46" year="1961 b">b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Chiara" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="191 - 215" title="Distribuzione ed ecologia dei Poriferi in acque superficiali del Golfo di Policastro (Mar Tirreno). Annali del Pontificio Istituto Superiore di Scienze e Lettere S." volume="12" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Archivio Zoologico Italiano" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="181 - 248" title="Distribuzione ed ecologia dei Poriferi in acque superficiali della Riviera ligure di Levante." volume="49" year="1964 a">1964a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Rapports et proces-verbaux de la Commission internationale pour l'etude scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="83 - 85" title="Stratification des peuplements d'esponges a recouvrement total dans certainens grottes du niveau superficiel." volume="19" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Labate, M" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="541 - 553" title="Ecologia dei Poriferi della Grotta della Regina." volume="32" year="1965">Labate 1965</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Melone, N" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria "" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="344 - 358" title="I Poriferi associati a Corallium rubrum (L.) della Sardegna." volume="75" year="1965">Melone 1965</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ruetzler, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="303 - 319" title="Die Poriferen einer sorrentiner Hoehle. Ergebnisse der Oesterreichischen Tyrrhenia-Expedition 1952." volume="176" year="1966">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rützler">Ruetzler</normalizedToken>
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1966
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Pouliquen, L" journalOrPublisher="Tethys" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="715 - 758" title="Les Spongiaires des grottes sous-marines de la region de Marseille. Ecologie et systematique." volume="3" year="1972">Pouliquen 1972</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bibiloni et al. 1984a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bibiloni, MA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="317 - 334" title="Sponge communities in three submarine caves of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): adaptation and faunistic composition. P. S. Z. N." url="10.1111/j.1439-0485.1989.tb00076.x" volume="10" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Corriero, G" journalOrPublisher=": Marine Ecology" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="85 - 96" title="The Sponge Community of Semi Submerged Mediterranean cave. P. S. Z. N." url="10.1046/j.1439-0485.2000.00655.x" volume="21" year="2000">Corriero et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Novosel et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ben Mustapha, K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut National Scientifique et Technique d'Oceanographie et de Peche de Salammbo" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="55 - 78" title="Diversite des demosponges tunisiennes." volume="30" year="2003">Ben Mustapha et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation author="Harmelin, JG" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports of the Port-Cros Natural Park" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="117 - 134" title="Peuplement de la grotte sous-marine de l'Ile de Bagaud (Parc National de Port-Cros, France, Mediterranee)." volume="19" year="2003">Harmelin et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation author="Marti, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="557 - 572" title="Benthic assemblages in two Mediterranean caves: species diversity and coverage as a function of abiotic parameters and geographic distance." url="10.1017/S0025315404009567h" volume="84" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Martì">Marti</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. 2004
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pronzato and Manconi 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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The present description is based on the holotype LMJG 15499 (Museum Joanneum of Graz, Austria), O. Schmidt collection, from Lesina (Adriatic Sea),
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<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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other specimens belonging to the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
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collection preserved in the same museum. The study in depth of this dry holotype material resulted in the evidence that it does not belong to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ircinia</taxonomicName>
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but perfectly matches the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Sarcotragus</taxonomicName>
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. The holotype is, probably, a fragment of a bigger specimen and does not exceed 15 cm in diameter; no traces of dermal membrane or choanosomal architecture are visible, suggesting that it can be a beached specimen. The type material of Pallas
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Spongia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
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is missing and the single specimen of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Ircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
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belonging to the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
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collection (NHMG 15499) must be ascribed to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Sarcotragus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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investigated the species formerly named
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Ircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
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(Pallas, 1766); the result was that
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia variabilis" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">Ircinia variabilis</taxonomicName>
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(Schmidt, 1862) became the type species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ircinia</taxonomicName>
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Nardo, 1833 and the specimen LMJG 15499, of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Ircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
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, was moved under the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Sarcotragus</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt, 1862 affirming that: "a further study will decide if this species is a good one or a synonym".
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<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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focused the problematic status of the taxon but did not describe the species. Here a new combination for
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus</taxonomicName>
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is proposed.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus</taxonomicName>
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is clearly different from the other species ascribed in the genus, also when compared with extra-Mediterranean species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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) because all its fibres are free of inclusions and primary ones are formed by "fascicules of secondaries".
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 20
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus</taxonomicName>
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. a living specimen (ca. 7 cm) b type specimen 15499 of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
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collection preserved in the Landes Museum Joanneum of Graz c skeletal network without inclusions in primary fibres (detail of b). b, c modified from
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<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |