treatments-xml/data/03/F1/87/03F18787A97D3A09FF6BFA35974FDD59.xml

<document id="85321FE7E78BEDD0FAF6B23E4CF2490C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13680606" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725414087464" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kumar, Pankaj, Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta, Nirmesh, Thankappan Kureekadu, Sreekumar, Vadakkethil Balakrishnan, Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran &amp; Balachandran, Indira" docDate="2016" docId="03F18787A97D3A09FF6BFA35974FDD59" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.244.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 244 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Habenaria sahyadrica K. M. P. Kumar, T. K. Nirmesh, V. B. Sreek. &amp; Kumar 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="FFC8FFFFA97D3A0BFFE3FFE59470DE42" masterDocTitle="Habenaria sahyadrica (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) a new species from the Western Ghats (India) with critical notes on allied taxa" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="196" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1725433762985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="E27012664201443F5FC159BD8EBEA948">Habenaria sahyadrica (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) a new species from the Western Ghats (India) with critical notes on allied taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="760361CB958DF2BC96C343C761EA8E7C">Kumar, Pankaj</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E7BEFB4095E8214A8DAA7195ECF10569">Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation, Lam Kam Road, Lam Tsuen, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0960ADEE92DDA80CC2592B39EADF38F5">Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="906982CA498E1605253AAF62F3E70F5A">Centre for Medicinal Plants Research (CMPR), Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram- 676 503, Kerala, India;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF3E651F00EBD30B1A14CCE64EC4268C">Nirmesh, Thankappan Kureekadu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6F0FD7BCBD4EA04149B73EDA8C0FD104">Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur- 680 653, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1EDE1C4F9F5C24894A3EA35202DC26C1">Sreekumar, Vadakkethil Balakrishnan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AEB287382157940C5EA7BC546D2CF0F4">Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F741DCF4A6737672557CCF4D08EE07BA">Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram- 673 635, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="37F47B8D2F66C50203F110E23BF33BE5">Balachandran, Indira</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1C2A564FB7B634258DAD5A6A8E738984">Centre for Medicinal Plants Research (CMPR), Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram- 676 503, Kerala, India;</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D12A97D3A0BFF6BFA3597B4DBA9" ID-CoL="6L8XR" authority="K.M.P.Kumar, T.K.Nirmesh, V.B.Sreek. &amp; Kumar" authorityName="K. M. P. Kumar, T. K. Nirmesh, V. B. Sreek. &amp; Kumar" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,964,1488,1515]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sahyadrica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97D3A0BFF6BFA3595FADBA9" bold="true" box="[136,394,1488,1515]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Habenaria sahyadrica</emphasis>
K.M.P.Kumar, T.K.Nirmesh, V.B.Sreek. &amp; Kumar
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, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57F8A97D3A0BFC2CFA379054DBA9" box="[975,1060,1490,1515]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13632A14A97D3A0BFBD0FA37901EDBA9" box="[1075,1134,1490,1515]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1983,2004]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,429,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-129@1.[235,1353,424,1958]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habenaria sahyadrica. A. &amp; C. Habit. B. Tuber. D. Single flower (pressed specimen). E. Single flower (fresh specimen). F. Sepals with ovary. G. Column with lip and spur.H. Bract.I. Dorsal sepal. J. Lateral sepal. K. Ovary. L. Pollinia with caudicle.(Photographs by K.M. Prabhu.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13680610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13680610/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Fig.1</figureCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE73691A97D3A0BFF6BFA1D961BD873" blockId="0.[136,1451,1528,1585]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
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<collectingCounty id="62864E1DA97D3A0BFF6BFA1D94CAD84F" box="[136,186,1528,1549]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Type</collectingCounty>
:— 
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. 
<collectingRegion id="499CF873A97D3A0BFEC4FA1D951BD84F" box="[295,363,1528,1549]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Kerala</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACEBA97D3A0BFE90FA1D9666D84F" box="[371,534,1528,1549]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Palakkad district</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, way to 
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hills, 
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, 
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, 
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<collectorName id="26AD5347A97D3A0BFB97FA1D90B5D84F" box="[1140,1221,1528,1549]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Nirmesh</collectorName>
&amp; 
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28501
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(
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: 
<collectionCode id="ED49AE54A97D3A0BFEC5F9F99514D873" box="[294,356,1564,1585]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vj5p-iy27" name="Kerala Forest Research Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">KFRI</collectionCode>
!; 
<typeStatus id="54E38833A97D3A0BFE92F9F995B3D873" box="[369,451,1564,1585]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
: CMPR!, CALI!)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97D3A0BFF6BF9879706D94B" blockId="0.[136,1452,1634,2089]" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D12A97D3A0BFF6BF9879508D83B" authorityName="K. M. P. Kumar, T. K. Nirmesh, V. B. Sreek. &amp; Kumar" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,376,1634,1657]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sahyadrica">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97D3A0BFF6BF9879508D83B" box="[136,376,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">Habenaria sahyadrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows affinities with 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D12A97D3A0BFDBEF9879074D83B" authority="Sedgewick (1919: 352)" authorityName="Sedgewick" authorityPageNumber="352" authorityYear="1919" box="[605,1028,1634,1657]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97D3A0BFDBEF987977AD83B" box="[605,778,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">H. multicaudata</emphasis>
Sedgewick (1919: 352)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D12A97D3A0BFBD5F98791DCD83B" authority="Misra (1981: 213)" authorityName="Misra" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1981" box="[1078,1452,1634,1657]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panigrahiana">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97D3A0BFBD5F9879096D83B" box="[1078,1254,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">H. panigrahiana</emphasis>
Misra (1981: 213)
</taxonomicName>
in having similar filliform petals, labellum lobes and posterior sepals, but it can be easily distinguished from the allied taxa by its attenuate floral bract, spreading lateral sepals, truncate bifid or bipartite petals divided into an anterior and a posterior lobe and the trilobed or tripartite labellum, 6-nerved dorsal sepal, midlobe of lip and upward curve of the apices of the lateral lobes, clavate-obtuse apex of spur and ridged ovary with normal apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97D3A0AFF5EF8F3956CDFCD" blockId="0.[136,1452,1634,2089]" lastBlockId="1.[136,1452,160,399]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="0" pageNumber="196">
Terrestrial herbs, 
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tall, stem cylindric, leafy from base upwards mainly on the upper two thirds of stem. Stem closely embraced by leaf sheath. Tuber one, globose 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFD5DF8DF9778D913" box="[702,776,1850,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
diameter and placed directly underneath the stem. Leaves 5–8, alternate, sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, 10.0–12.0 × 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFD7DF8BB9768D937" box="[670,792,1886,1909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
, acute, base narrow, petiole like, glabrous on both sides; leaf margin undulate. Inflorescence terminal, racemose. Peduncle 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFCC8F86797E8D9DB" box="[811,920,1922,1945]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous, clothed with elliptic, acuminate, sterile greenish bracts completely covering the pedicel, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFD3FF8439723D9FF" box="[732,851,1958,1981]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.5 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous. Raceme 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFBBEF84390DDD9FF" box="[1117,1197,1958,1981]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFB13F8439156D9FF" box="[1264,1318,1958,1981]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
broad, 8–15 flowered. Floral bracts elliptic-attenuate, trinerved, glabrous, 20.0–20.8 × 8.0–10.0 mm. Flowers pale greenish-white; dorsal sepal ovate, 6-nerved out of which 3 nerves continuing to the apex, 10–13 × 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFC24F80B9053D647" box="[967,1059,2030,2053]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
, densely hispid on upper part, lower part glabrous; lateral sepals ovate-elliptic, sub-falcate, acute, trinerved, 10–13 × 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97D3A0BFC35F7F79040D66B" box="[982,1072,2066,2089]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, densely hispid on upper part, lower part glabrous; petals bipartite, posterior lobe filiform, falcate, obtuse, connivent with dorsal sepal, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFB75FF459177DEF5" box="[1174,1287,160,183]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, anterior lobe slightly narrower, filiform, apex acute and curving upwards, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFC4CFF219053DE99" box="[943,1059,196,219]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14–18 mm</quantity>
long; lip trilobed; midlobe filiform, dilated towards rachis, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFE62FF0D9584DEBD" box="[385,500,232,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; lateral lobes slightly narrower, filliform and curving upward, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFADBFF0D91DBDEBD" box="[1336,1451,232,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; spur green, cylindrical, clavate at apex, decurved, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFCB0FEE997B7DF61" box="[851,967,268,291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="17.0">17–24 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; column greenish-yellow, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFA69FEE994C1DF05" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; anther locules large, 3.0 × 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFD9CFED596A4DF05" box="[639,724,304,327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, glabrous; canals erect 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFC2CFED5907CDF05" box="[975,1036,304,327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, ovary fusiform, glabrous, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFA8AFED594C1DF29" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 mm</quantity>
long; pollinia yellow, pyriform, 2.0 × 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFDB6FEB196DBDF29" box="[597,683,340,363]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; caudicles transparent, longer than the pollinia, 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFB51FEB19084DF29" box="[1202,1268,340,363]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; rostellum 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97C3A0AFA8EFEB191DBDF29" box="[1389,1451,340,363]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long. (
<figureCitation id="13632A14A97C3A0AFF2EFE9D957CDFCD" box="[205,268,376,399]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1983,2004]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,429,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-129@1.[235,1353,424,1958]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habenaria sahyadrica. A. &amp; C. Habit. B. Tuber. D. Single flower (pressed specimen). E. Single flower (fresh specimen). F. Sepals with ovary. G. Column with lip and spur.H. Bract.I. Dorsal sepal. J. Lateral sepal. K. Ovary. L. Pollinia with caudicle.(Photographs by K.M. Prabhu.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13680610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13680610/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF276619A97C3A0AFF6BF85A9548D65E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13680610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13680610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13680610/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" startId="1.[136,229,1983,2004]" targetBox="[237,1345,429,1955]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97C3A0AFF6BF85A9548D65E" blockId="1.[136,1452,1983,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97C3A0AFF6BF85A948ED996" bold="true" box="[136,254,1983,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D12A97C3A0AFEE7F85A95AED996" authorityName="K. M. P. Kumar, T. K. Nirmesh, V. B. Sreek. &amp; Kumar" authorityYear="2016" box="[260,478,1983,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sahyadrica">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97C3A0AFEE7F85A95AED996" box="[260,478,1983,2004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="197">Habenaria sahyadrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. &amp; C. Habit. B. Tuber. D. Single flower (pressed specimen). E. Single flower (fresh specimen). F. Sepals with ovary. G. Column with lip and spur. H. Bract.I. Dorsal sepal. J. Lateral sepal. K. Ovary. L. Pollinia with caudicle. (Photographs by K.M. Prabhu.).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97F3A09FF5EFF4596D0DEF5" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,795]" box="[189,672,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FF5EFF459594DEF5" bold="true" box="[189,484,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Flowering and fruiting:—</emphasis>
October–January.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342651AA97F3A09FF5EFF2191EDDE99" box="[189,1437,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97F3A09FF5EFF2191EDDE99" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,795]" box="[189,1437,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FF5EFF21952CDE99" bold="true" box="[189,348,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the 
<typeStatus id="54E38833A97F3A09FD58FF219699DE99" box="[699,745,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">type</typeStatus>
locality, Sahyadri, which is the Sanskrit name of Western Ghats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342651AA97F3A09FF5EFF0D974FDD59" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97F3A09FF5EFF0D95F9DC5D" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FF5EFF0D9679DEBD" bold="true" box="[189,521,232,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Distribution and Ecology:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D12A97F3A09FDEAFF0D968FDEBD" authorityName="K. M. P. Kumar, T. K. Nirmesh, V. B. Sreek. &amp; Kumar" authorityYear="2016" box="[521,767,232,255]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sahyadrica">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FDEAFF0D968FDEBD" box="[521,767,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Habenaria sahyadrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows under the shola forests on the way to Elival Hills in Muthikulam High Value Biodiversity Area at 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97F3A09FD9DFEE9977DDF61" box="[638,781,268,291]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1825.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="1350.0">1350–2300m</quantity>
, Palakkad District. The Muthikulam High Value Biodiversity Area (HVBA) is located in Mannarkad Forest Division, which borders the north-western portion of the Western Ghats on the northern side of Palakkad Gap in Mannarkad Taluk. Muthikulam forests fall under the Indo-malayan bio-geographic zone and Western Ghat Biotic province (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B60A97F3A09FE31FE9D96A3DFCD" author="Champion, H. G. &amp; Seth, S. K." box="[466,723,376,399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" refId="ref2673" refString="Champion, H. G. &amp; Seth, S. K. (1968) Classification of forest types of India. Natraj, Dehra Dun, 404 pp." type="book" year="1968">Champion &amp; Seth 1968</bibRefCitation>
). Muthikulam Hills cover less than 350 sq. km.. Muthikulam HVBA consists of undulating hills and valleys well clothed with vegetation except for the large grassy area around Muthikulam to the southeast and the mass of high hills to the south viz., Elival Range. The area is characterised by a tropical climate and high degree of endemism. The new species appears to be endemic and grows in small pockets in shola forests near Muthikulam grasslands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97F3A09FF5EFDC99050DCED" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FF5EFDC995B5DC01" bold="true" box="[189,453,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
This species has so far only been collected from the 
<typeStatus id="54E38833A97F3A09FBE5FDC99044DC01" box="[1030,1076,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">type</typeStatus>
locality. The area of occupancy is estimated to be less than 
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97F3A09FE79FDB595A2DC25" box="[410,466,592,615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C2D9BD9A97F3A09FE31FDAB95AADC1E" attach="left" box="[466,474,590,604]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">2</superScript>
and the known populations contain a maximum of 15–30 plants. Until further studies and more surveys this species should be considered Data Deficient (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B60A97F3A09FCDFFD9197B0DCC9" author="IUCN" box="[828,960,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" refId="ref2934" refString="IUCN (2013) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, 32 pp." type="book" year="2013">IUCN 2013</bibRefCitation>
). We have tried to grow the plants ex-situ for conservation at Herb Garden Kottakkal and KFRI, Thrissur, but they did not survived.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73691A97F3A09FF5EFD59974FDD59" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<materialsCitation id="3B303CCCA97F3A09FF5EFD5997DDDCB5" collectingDate="2013-11-22" collectionCode="KFRI" collectorName="Nirmesh &amp; Sreekumar &amp; Hareesh" county="Palakkad district" elevation="1700" location="Elival" municipality="Muthikulam" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FF5EFD5996A6DC91" bold="true" box="[189,726,700,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<typeStatus id="54E38833A97F3A09FF5EFD599659DC91" box="[189,553,700,723]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
(
<typeStatus id="54E38833A97F3A09FDDBFD5996DEDC91" box="[568,686,700,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):—
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D12A97F3A09FD34FD599756DC91" box="[727,806,700,723]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">INDIA</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectingRegion id="499CF873A97F3A09FCD2FD59970CDC91" box="[817,892,700,723]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Kerala</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="62864E1DA97F3A09FC6BFD59904FDC91" box="[904,1087,700,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Palakkad district</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACEBA97F3A09FBA8FD5990A2DC91" box="[1099,1234,700,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Muthikulam</collectingMunicipality>
, way to 
<location id="8E87604AA97F3A09FACCFD59911FDC91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F18787A97D3A09FF6BFA35974FDD59:8E87604AA97F3A09FACCFD59911FDC91" box="[1327,1391,700,723]" county="Palakkad district" municipality="Muthikulam" name="Elival" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Kerala">Elival</location>
hills, 
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</quantity>
<date id="FFE61051A97F3A09FF33FD0595D0DCB5" box="[208,416,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2013-11-22">
<collectingDate id="EFA2E9B9A97F3A09FF33FD0595D0DCB5" box="[208,416,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2013-11-22">22November 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FE4DFD059720DCB5" box="[430,848,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<collectorName id="26AD5347A97F3A09FE4DFD05967BDCB5" box="[430,523,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Nirmesh</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26AD5347A97F3A09FDFAFD0596FCDCB5" box="[537,652,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Sreekumar</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26AD5347A97F3A09FD57FD05977CDCB5" box="[692,780,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Hareesh</collectorName>
28525
</emphasis>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<collectingCounty id="62864E1DA97F3A09FC58FD059004DCB5" box="[955,1140,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Palakkad district</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACEBA97F3A09FB61FD059179DCB5" box="[1154,1289,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Muthikulam</collectingMunicipality>
, way to 
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hills, 
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FF20FCE194A2DD59" box="[195,210,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">±</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CA09B74A97F3A09FF31FCE1956EDD59" box="[210,286,772,795]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1700.0">
<elevation id="0075D1A2A97F3A09FF31FCE1956EDD59" box="[210,286,772,795]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFE61051A97F3A09FECAFCE1958ADD59" box="[297,506,772,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2013-11-22">
<collectingDate id="EFA2E9B9A97F3A09FECAFCE1958ADD59" box="[297,506,772,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2013-11-22">22 November 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B92CEA83A97F3A09FDE6FCE196A4DD59" box="[517,724,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<collectorName id="26AD5347A97F3A09FDE6FCE196E9DD59" box="[517,665,772,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Prabhukumar</collectorName>
7754
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED49AE54A97F3A09FD00FCE19743DD59" box="[739,819,772,795]" country="India" name="Centre for Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">CMPR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>