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<document id="2004B32010367D26A680136E4F8FBF82" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddffc7b3-2654-49ec-b046-f32bc78af2d6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249019" ID-ZooBank="136660B8-7DCC-490E-AB79-46546CC18E40" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460652068901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Göcke, Christian &amp; Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2013" docId="03EF87D0CD2E881D80BEFF4EFA64FE8D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03692p101.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phorbas megasigma Rios &amp; Cristobo 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFD6FFA8CD3388028029FF93FFE4FFE9" masterDocTitle="Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698343927236" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="ED8D52F09D4E0587BA3761D5547C4944">Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EF87D0CD2E881D80BEFF4EFA64FE8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145241" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145241" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87D0CD2E881D80BEFF4EFA64FE8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87D0CD2E881D80BEFF4EFA64FE8D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2E881F80BEFF4EFC68FEB4" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80BEFF4EFD4CFF1E" blockId="29.[151,680,221,279]" box="[151,680,221,247]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0B181AACD2E881F80BEFF4EFD4CFF1E" bold="true" box="[151,680,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F80BEFF4EFD4CFF1E" ID-CoL="6VD8B" authority="Rios &amp; Cristobo, 2007" authorityName="Rios &amp; Cristobo" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,680,221,247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megasigma">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80BEFF4EFD4CFF1E" bold="true" box="[151,680,221,247]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80BEFF4EFE68FF1E" bold="true" box="[151,396,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Phorbas megasigma</emphasis>
Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80BEFF6CFEDBFEFE" blockId="29.[151,680,221,279]" box="[151,319,255,279]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
(
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F80B6FF6CFF00FEFE" box="[159,228,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD2E881F80C6FF6CFED2FEFE" box="[239,310,255,279]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="29.[151,239,894,918]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule sizes of Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum mean maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ríos &amp; Cristobo (2007), and Koltun (1964, P. nexus) are given." pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80BEFEDBFC68FEB4" blockId="29.[151,908,328,350]" box="[151,908,328,350]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F80BEFEDBFD7AFEB7" authority="Rios &amp; Cristobo, 2007a: 1486" authorityName="Rios &amp; Cristobo" authorityPageNumber="1486" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,670,328,350]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megasigma">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80BEFEDBFE83FEB7" box="[151,359,328,350]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Phorbas megasigma</emphasis>
Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007a: 1486
</taxonomicName>
1488, figs. 15, tab. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2E881F80BEFE19FE69FE2F" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80BEFE19FE69FE2F" blockId="29.[151,1437,394,851]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80BEFE19FEE2FE4A" bold="true" box="[151,262,394,419]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Material.</emphasis>
Several fragments of 1 (?) specimen from station 048-1 (SMF 11817, 11833),
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2E881F8456FE19FB39FE4B" box="[1151,1245,394,418]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.021" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="602.1">602.1 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD2E881F84C3FE19FA91FE4B" box="[1258,1397,394,418]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" precision="9" value="-70.399">70° 23.94' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD2E881F85ABFE19FF19FE2F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" precision="9" value="-8.319">8° 19.14' W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFF81006CD2E881F8121FE3DFE6DFE2F" box="[264,393,430,454]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" value="2008-12-01">12.01.2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2E881F80EEFE41FB2AF92F" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80EEFE41FDE3FDBF" blockId="29.[151,1437,394,851]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80EEFE41FEBDFE02" bold="true" box="[199,345,466,491]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Description.</emphasis>
Sponge grows upright reticular, composed of
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2E881F83A9FE41FBE5FE03" box="[896,1025,466,490]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 5 mm</quantity>
thick fibres, rarely forming wider, flattened structures (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F8154FE65FE24FDE7" box="[381,448,502,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A). Fibres regularly intercrossing, often in rectangular pattern. Surface bristled, knotty, porous, often with small openings (
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2E881F820FFD89FD9BFDDB" box="[550,639,538,562]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
) piercing through entire sponge body. Consistency rather soft, spongy. Color in ethanol brownish beige.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80EEFDF1FA73FD77" blockId="29.[151,1437,394,851]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
Skeleton: Made up of plumose tracts of acanthostyles, interconnected by irregularly scattered acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F80B6FD15FF06FD77" box="[159,226,646,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B). In epidermis, echinating bundles of tornotes present. Chelae regularly distributed throughout the tissue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80EEFD39FD07FCBA" blockId="29.[151,1437,394,851]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
Spiculation (
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD2E881F817CFD39FE7BFD2B" box="[341,415,682,706]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="29.[151,239,894,918]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule sizes of Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum mean maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ríos &amp; Cristobo (2007), and Koltun (1964, P. nexus) are given." pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
): Main spicules acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F82D4FD39FCDBFD2B" box="[765,831,682,706]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C), 520645 µm in length and 1525 µm in diameter. Additionally, smaller acanthostyles occur (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F82A0FD5DFD34FD0F" box="[649,720,718,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D), 175410 µm in length with diameter 520 µm. Further megascleres tornotes (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F81B9FD61FE35FCE3" box="[400,465,754,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
E), 305420 µm in length and 5 µm in diameter. Main microscleres unguiferate chelae (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F80B6FC85FF00FCC7" box="[159,228,790,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
F-H), 1520 µm in length. The characteristic large sigmas (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2E881F83B4FC85FC06FCC7" box="[925,994,790,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[187,1399,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007, pictures of SMF 11817. A, habit in ethanol. B. skeletal section. C, acanthostyle I, D, acanthostyle II, E, tornote, F G, three different specimens of arcuate isochelae, I, sigma. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 100 µm, D E, I: 30 µm, F H: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249028/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
G) extremely rare, but clearly present within the tissue,about 100270 µm x 46.5105 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39664ECD2E881F80BEFCEDFE56FC3C" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80BEFCEDFE56FC3C" blockId="29.[151,1436,894,981]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80BEFCEDFEEDFC7F" bold="true" box="[151,265,894,918]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Spicule sizes of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F81EAFCEDFC7AFC7C" authority="Rios &amp; Cristobo, 2007" authorityName="Rios &amp; Cristobo" authorityYear="2007" box="[451,926,894,917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megasigma">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F81EAFCEDFD7AFC7C" box="[451,670,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Phorbas megasigma</emphasis>
Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007
</taxonomicName>
. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum meanmaximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ríos &amp; Cristobo (2007), and Koltun (1964,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F80CBFC2DFEDCFC3C" box="[226,312,958,981]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nexus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80CBFC2DFEDCFC3C" box="[226,312,958,981]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">P. nexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are given.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F80B6FC61FED7FBD9" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
parameter SMF 11817 Ríos &amp; Crostobo (2007a)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F84A6FC61FED7FBD9" authority="Koltun (1964) Acanthostyle I" authorityName="Koltun (1964) Acanthostyle I" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nexus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F84A6FC61FB06FBEE" box="[1167,1250,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">P. nexus</emphasis>
Koltun (1964) Acanthostyle I
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094FBD0FB0CFBB0" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" box="[189,1256,1091,1114]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">length 520578.8645 (30) 580687780 520720</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094FBFEFED8FB45" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
diameter 1519.125 (30)
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25 Acanthostyle II
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094FB53FC3EFB3F" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" box="[189,986,1216,1238]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">length 175244410 (30) 200263.25295</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094FB7AFF08FAC1" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">diameter 513.320 (30) 1017.525 Tornote</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094FAA8FB03FAB8" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" box="[189,1255,1339,1362]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">length 305378420 (30) 300383.92445 370480</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094FAF6FF04FA4D" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">diameter 5 (30) 2.54.755 57 Sigma</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094FA2BFC24FA24" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" box="[189,960,1464,1486]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">length 100192270 (30) 25116.1230</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881F8094F9CDFE99F975" blockId="29.[159,1400,1009,1734]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">max. width 57.3510 Unguiferate Isochelae</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2E881D80EEF894FA64FE8D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2E881D80EEF894FA64FE8D" blockId="29.[151,1436,1798,2002]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F80EEF894FEDFF8F6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1799,1823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
There are several similarities between the species
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F8358F89BFBE3F8F6" box="[881,1031,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">P. m e g a s i g m a</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F846BF895FA7CF8F7" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[1090,1432,1798,1823]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nexus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F846BF895FB03F8F6" box="[1090,1255,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Phorbas nexus</emphasis>
(Koltun, 1964)
</taxonomicName>
: Both possess large acanthostyles, tornotes and unguiferate isochelae very similar in size and shape (compare Ríos &amp; Cristobo 2007a; Koltun 1964; see also
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD2E881F82AAF8DDFD2BF88F" box="[643,719,1870,1894]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="29.[151,239,894,918]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule sizes of Phorbas megasigma Ríos &amp; Cristobo, 2007. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum mean maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ríos &amp; Cristobo (2007), and Koltun (1964, P. nexus) are given." pageId="29" pageNumber="57">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
). Main differences are the occurrence of small acanthostyles, arcuate isochelae and sigmas in
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F81D7F8E7FD7DF862" box="[510,665,1908,1931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megasigma">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F81D7F8E7FD7DF862" box="[510,665,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">P. megasigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F83AFF8E7FC06F862" box="[902,994,1908,1931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nexus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F83AFF8E7FC06F862" box="[902,994,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">P. nexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Still it has to be noted, that in Koltun's (1964) figure of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2E881F8178F80BFE49F846" box="[337,429,1944,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nexus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2E881F8178F80BFE49F846" box="[337,429,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="57">P. nexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
smaller acanthostyles are shown, which are not mentioned in the text. Our specimen thus combines characters of both species: First, it has small acanthostyles, which as mentioned above are of little taxonomic value. Also it has large sigmas, similar to those characterizing
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2C881D83D8FF0AFB6AFF59" box="[1009,1166,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="59" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megasigma">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2C881D83D8FF0AFB6AFF59" box="[1009,1166,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="59">P. megasigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arcuate chelae on the other hand are absent in our specimen. Although the sigmas are very rare, we chose to count them as evident for the identification and thus assigned our specimen to
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2C881D82EEFF72FC85FF11" box="[711,865,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="59">P. m e ga s ig m a</emphasis>
. Still, our sponge seems to be a transitional form between both species. The distribution of the species is remarkable: whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2C881D83D6FE96FB78FEF5" box="[1023,1180,261,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="59" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megasigma">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2C881D83D6FE96FB78FEF5" box="[1023,1180,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="59">P. megasigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported from the Bellingshausen Sea (Ríos &amp; Cristobo 2007a),
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2C881D8290FEBAFCFDFEA9" box="[697,793,297,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="59" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nexus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2C881D8290FEBAFCFDFEA9" box="[697,793,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="59">P. nexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originates from Wilhelm II coast (Koltun, 1964). Our specimen from the Weddell Sea is positioned between those two, not only in characters, but also geographically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>