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<document ID-DOI="10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1666" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d63960a1-e0c5-4b97-8e7d-f8be80d376d6" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4677010" checkinTime="1617989865794" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Beu, Alan G." docDate="2017" docId="03EF87ABFFB0FF82CD9CFF3A39C0FBC6" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.69.3.119-222.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 69 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1666" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Janthina exigua Lamarck, GNS RM 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="194" masterDocId="FFD6FFD3FFF8FFC9CE28FFAD3D1EFFF6" masterDocTitle="Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="191" updateTime="1674140427125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Beu, Alan G.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[948,1357,151,178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[948,1153,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, J" box="[1162,1357,151,177]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref110529" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. 1816. Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature … Vingt-Troisieme Partie. Mollusques et Polypes Divers. Liste des Objets Representes dans les Planches de cette Livraison, 16 pp; pls 391 - 488, 431 bis, 431 bis *. Paris: Agasse." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection box="[1001,1304,204,231]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" type="description">
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<figureCitation box="[1001,1141,204,231]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[122,185,1707,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[166,1434,151,2003]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2 (facing page 123). Shells of the five living species of Janthina and two species of Recluzia recognized in this work; apertural views, and left lateral views showing outer lip sinus.(AF) Janthina janthina (Linnaeus);AB, D, GNS RM4442, two specimens, beach, Takou Bay, Northland, New Zealand; C, GNS WM15986, “bicolor” form, San Lourenço Beach, Santa Maria I., Azores, Atlantic; E, GNS RM6735, “bicolor” form, Ohope Beach, Whakatane, New Zealand; F, GNS WM15297, beach between Hutchinson Bluff and Rayner Point, Raoul I., Kermadec Islands. (GJ) Janthina globosa (Swainson); G, GNS WM15254, beach, Mauritius, Indian Ocean; HJ, GNS RM5321, two specimens, Muriwai Beach, West Auckland, New Zealand. (KL) Janthina pallida Thompson, GNS WM15256, beach, Windy Harbour, Cape DEntrecasteaux, southern Western Australia.(M, O) Janthina exigua Lamarck, GNS RM5626, Nukumaru Beach, Whanganui, New Zealand. (N, Q) Janthina umbilicata dOrbigny, GNS RM5627, Nukumaru Beach, Whanganui, New Zealand. (P, R) Recluzia johnii (Holten), GNS WM17360, ventral and dorsal views; trawled in sediment, 130180 m, Swain Reefs, SE Queensland, Australia (shortest specimen, last entryin Table 12).(ST) Recluzia lutea (Bennett), GNS RM6748,beach, Great Exhibition Bay,Northland, New Zealand (from same sample as Figs 36MP). Scale bar 10 mm, applies to all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7551505/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Figs 2M, O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1154,1304,205,231]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="74.[234,297,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[234,1399,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-7@74.[234,1399,144,1866]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 34. Specimens ofJanthina exigua Lamarck andJanthina umbilicata dOrbigny; SEM.(AC, EF) Janthina exigua, 2 specimens, GNS RM5852, Waikanae Beach, west Wellington, New Zealand;A, whole shell; B, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus; C, lateral view of protoconch; E, F, apical views of whole shell and protoconch. (D, GH) Janthina umbilicata, GNS RM5312, Piha Beach, westAuckland, New Zealand; D, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus, to same scale as Fig. 34B; GH, lateral views of whole shell and protoconch. Scale bars: A, E, G, 2 mm; B, D, 500 µm; C, H, 200 µm; F, 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4677087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4677087/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">34AC, EF</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[869,1179,251,273]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[869,1024,251,272]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, J" box="[1031,1179,251,273]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref110529" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. 1816. Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature … Vingt-Troisieme Partie. Mollusques et Polypes Divers. Liste des Objets Representes dans les Planches de cette Livraison, 16 pp; pls 391 - 488, 431 bis, 431 bis *. Paris: Agasse." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, “Liste des objets”: 12, pl. 456, figs 2ab;
<bibRefCitation author="Eschscholtz, J" box="[1058,1240,277,299]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="733 - 747" refId="ref103799" refString="Eschscholtz, J. F. 1825. Bericht uber die zoologische Ausbeute wahrend der Reise von Kronstadt bis St. Peter und Paul. Isis von Oken 16 (6): columns 733 - 747." type="journal article" year="1825">Eschscholtz, 1825</bibRefCitation>
: column 737;
<treatmentCitation author="Gray, J" page="495" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1827">
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="474 - 496" refId="ref105639" refString="Gray, J. E. 1827. Mollusca. In King, P. P. Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia. Performed Between the Years 1818 and 1822. With an Appendix Containing Various Subjects Relating to Hydrography and Natural History. Volume 2, pp. 474 - 496. London: J. Murray." type="journal article" year="1827">Gray, 1827: 495</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Deshayes, G" box="[1007,1184,304,326]" page="5" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1843">
<bibRefCitation author="Deshayes, G" box="[1007,1184,304,326]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref103411" refString="Deshayes, G. P. 1843. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Presentant les Caracteres Generaux et Particulier de ces Animaux … Deuxieme edition. Revue et Augmentee de Notes Presentant des Faits Nouveaux dont la Science s'est Enrichie Jusqu'a ce Jour. Tome 9. Histoire des mollusques. Paris: J. - B. Bailliere." type="book" year="1843">Deshayes, 1843: 5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Gray, J" box="[1193,1350,304,325]" page="241" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1843">
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J" box="[1193,1350,304,325]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="228 - 265" refId="ref105738" refString="Gray, J. E. 1843. Catalogue of the species of Mollusca and their shells which hitherto have been recorded as found at New Zealand, with the descriptions of some lately discovered species. In Dieffenbach, E. Travels in New Zealand; With Contributions to the Geography, Geology, Botany, and Natural History of that Country. Volume 2, pp. 228 - 265. London: J. Murray (reprint, 1975, Christchurch: Capper Press)." type="journal article" year="1843">Gray, 1843: 241</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Benson, W" page="40" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, W" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="405 - 414" refId="ref98240" refString="Benson, W. H. 1860. Notes on Ianthina, Bolten, and indication of a new species of the allied oceanic genus Recluzia, Petit. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 6: 405 - 414." type="journal article" year="1860">Benson, 1860: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Kuster, H" box="[998,1149,331,353]" page="7" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation author="Kuster, H" box="[998,1149,331,353]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref110121" refString="Kuster, H. C. 1868. Die Gattungen Janthina und Recluzia. In Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. In Verbindung mit Dr. Philippi, Dr. Pfeiffer, Dr. Dunker, Dr. Romer, Weinkauff, Clessin, Dr. Brot, Th. Lobbecke und Dr. v. Martens. Neu Herausgegeben und Vervollstandigt von Dr. H. C. Kuster, nach Dessen Tode Fortgesetzt von Dr. W. Kobelt. Volume 2 (12), 1 - 12, pls 1 - 2. Nurnburg: Bauer &amp; Raspe [dates and parts: Smith &amp; England (1937); Welter-Schultes (1999): pl. 1, part 183, 1862; pl. 2, part 186; pp 1 - 8, part 189; pp 9 - 12, part 187, all 1868]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 124677" type="journal article" year="1868">Küster, 1868: 7</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2, figs 67;
<treatmentCitation author="Monterosato, T" page="95" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1878">
<bibRefCitation author="Monterosato, T" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="61 - 115" refId="ref113698" refString="Monterosato, T. A. M. di. 1878 Enumerazione e sinonimia delle conchiglie Mediterranee. Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche 13: 61 - 115 [reprinted in: 1983. Tommaso di Maria, Marchese di Monterosato. Opera Omnia, Vol. II (1878 - 1885), ed. R. Giannuzzi-Savelli, pp. 375 - 429. Palermo: Societa Italiana di Malacologia]." type="book chapter" year="1878">Monterosato, 1878: 95</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[1006,1194,358,379]" page="128" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[1006,1194,358,379]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="118 - 131" refId="ref107817" refString="Hutton, F. W. 1882. Notes on some branchiate Gastropoda. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 15: 118 - 131." type="journal article" year="1882">Hutton, 1882: 128</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 14, fig. G (radula);
<treatmentCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[900,1059,384,406]" page="80" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[900,1059,384,406]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="57 - 95" refId="ref107843" refString="Hutton, F. W. ed. 1904. Index Faunae Novae Zelandiae. London: Dulau &amp; Co., for Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch (Mollusca, compiled by H. Suter, pp. 57 - 95)." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hutton, 1904: 80</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Moss, E" box="[1068,1208,384,406]" page="28" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation author="Moss, E" box="[1068,1208,384,406]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref114222" refString="Moss, E. G. B. 1908. [The] Beautiful Shells of New Zealand. An Illustrated Work for Amateur Collectors of New Zealand Marine Shells with Directions for Collecting and Cleaning Them. Auckland: Collins Bros. (' The' on cover only)." type="book" year="1908">Moss 1908: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 7, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation author="Suter, H" page="299" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation author="Suter, H" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref121073" refString="Suter, H. 1913. Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca, with an Atlas of Quarto Plates [1915]. Wellington: Government Printer." type="book" year="1913">Suter, 1913: 299</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 44, fig. 12;
<treatmentCitation author="Oliver, W" box="[1097,1273,411,433]" page="525" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation author="Oliver, W" box="[1097,1273,411,433]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="509 - 568" refId="ref115293" refString="Oliver, W. R. B. 1915. The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 509 - 568." type="journal article" year="1915">Oliver, 1915: 525</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Bucknill, C" page="50" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation author="Bucknill, C" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref100607" refString="Bucknill, C. E. R. 1924. Sea Shells of New Zealand. Illustrated with Original Drawings by A. W. B. Powell, and Photographs from Nature. Auckland: Whitcombe and Tombs." type="book" year="1924">Bucknill, 1924: 50</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 19, fig. 4;
<treatmentCitation author="Finlay, H" box="[1060,1230,437,459]" page="246" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation author="Finlay, H" box="[1060,1230,437,459]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="232 - 286" refId="ref104143" refString="Finlay, H. J. 1928. The Recent Mollusca of the Chatham Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 59: 232 - 286." type="journal article" year="1928">Finlay, 1928: 246</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1239,1402,437,459]" page="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1239,1402,437,459]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref117115" refString="Powell, A. W. B. 1937. The Shellfish of New Zealand. An Illustrated Handbook. Auckland: Unity Press." type="book" year="1937">Powell, 1937: 74</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, fig. 30;
<treatmentCitation author="Mermod, G" box="[1015,1212,464,486]" page="201" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation author="Mermod, G" box="[1015,1212,464,486]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="131 - 202" refId="ref113611" refString="Mermod, G. 1953. Les types de la collection Lamarck au Museum de Geneve: Mollusques vivants, IV. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 60: 131 - 202." type="journal article" year="1953">Mermod, 1953: 201</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 200.12; PasteurHumbert, 1962: 52, fig. 72;
<treatmentCitation author="Bennett, I" box="[1167,1340,491,513]" page="41" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation author="Bennett, I" box="[1167,1340,491,513]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="40 - 51" refId="ref98207" refString="Bennett, I. 1966. Some pelagic molluscs and associated animals in southeastern Australian waters. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 1 (9): 40 - 51." type="journal article" year="1966">Bennett, 1966: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 9, fig. 2; Morton &amp; Miller, 1968: 472, fig. 175.5;
<treatmentCitation author="Cernohorsky, W" page="198" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation author="Cernohorsky, W" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref101225" refString="Cernohorsky, W. O. 1972. Marine Shells of the Pacific. Volume II. Sydney: Pacific Publications." type="book" year="1972">Cernohorsky, 1972: 198</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 56, fig. 10;
<treatmentCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1150,1328,544,566]" page="107" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1150,1328,544,566]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref117270" refString="Powell, A. W. B. 1976. Shells of New Zealand. An Illustrated Handbook (fifth edition). Christchurch: Whitcoulls Publishers." type="book" year="1976">Powell, 1976: 107</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 17, fig. 30:
<treatmentCitation author="Kay, E" box="[936,1086,571,593]" page="158" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation author="Kay, E" box="[936,1086,571,593]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref109389" refString="Kay, E. A. 1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii Section 4: Mollusca. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press." type="book" year="1979">Kay, 1979: 158</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 55C;
<treatmentCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1187,1365,571,593]" page="254" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1187,1365,571,593]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref117298" refString="Powell, A. W. B. 1979. New Zealand Mollusca. Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Auckland: Collins." type="book" year="1979">Powell, 1979: 254</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 48, fig. 21; Fretter &amp; Graham, 1982: 394, fig. 281; Kilburn &amp; Rippey, 1982: 79, pl. 11, fig. 19; Wells &amp; Bryce, 1986: 60, fig. 153;
<treatmentCitation author="Wilson, B" box="[1079,1257,651,673]" page="281" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, B" box="[1079,1257,651,673]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref123745" refString="Wilson, B. R. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods Part 1. Kallaroo, Western Australia: Odyssey." type="book" year="1993">Wilson, 1993: 281</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 44, figs 37ab;
<treatmentCitation author="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R &amp; Pusateri, A" box="[900,1220,677,699]" page="52" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation author="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R &amp; Pusateri, A" box="[900,1220,677,699]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref105136" refString="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., F. Pusateri, A. Palmeri, and C. Ebreo. 1999. Atlante delle Conchiglie Marine del Mediterraneo. Atlas of the Mediterranean Seashells. Vol. 3 (Caenogastropoda parte 2: Ptenoglossa). Roma: Evolver srl." type="book" year="1999">
Giannuzzi-Savelli
<emphasis box="[1077,1118,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
., 1999: 52
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 53, figs 94ad, 95ab;
<treatmentCitation author="Smith, B" box="[900,1070,704,726]" page="813" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, B" box="[900,1070,704,726]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="813 - 814" refId="ref120248" refString="Smith, B. J. 1998. Superfamily Janthinoidea. In Mollusca: the Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia, volume 5, eds P. L. Beesley, J. G. B. Ross and A. Wells, Part B, pp. 813 - 814. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing." type="book chapter" year="1998">Smith, 1998: 813</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 15.151C, G;
<treatmentCitation author="Morley, M" box="[1249,1433,704,726]" page="102" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation author="Morley, M" box="[1249,1433,704,726]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref114009" refString="Morley, M. 2004. A Photographic Guide to Seashells of New Zealand. Auckland and London: New Holland." type="book" year="2004">Morley, 2004: 102</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Robertson, R" box="[900,1094,731,753]" page="5" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation author="Robertson, R" box="[900,1094,731,753]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="4 - 9" refId="ref118841" refString="Robertson, R. 2007 a. Janthina: floating Epitonium (wentletrap) relatives. American Conchologist 35 (3): 4 - 9." type="journal article" year="2007">Robertson, 2007a: 5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1; Beu &amp; Marshall, 2008: 285;
<treatmentCitation author="Poppe, G" box="[900,1074,758,779]" page="722" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation author="Poppe, G" box="[900,1074,758,779]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="722 - 723" refId="ref117001" refString="Poppe, G. T. 2008. Janthinidae. In Philippine Marine Mollusks. Volume I (Gastropoda - Part I), ed. G. T. Poppe, pp. 722 - 723. Hachenheim, Germany: ConchBooks." type="book chapter" year="2008">Poppe, 2008: 722</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 306, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation author="Spencer, H &amp; Marshall, P &amp; Maxwell, J &amp; Grant-Mackie, J &amp; Stilwell, R &amp; Willan, H &amp; Campbell, J &amp; Crampton, R &amp; Henderson, M &amp; Bradshaw, J" page="206" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, H &amp; Marshall, P &amp; Maxwell, J &amp; Grant-Mackie, J &amp; Stilwell, R &amp; Willan, H &amp; Campbell, J &amp; Crampton, R &amp; Henderson, M &amp; Bradshaw, J" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="161 - 254" refId="ref120818" refString="Spencer, H. G., B. A. Marshall, P. A. Maxwell, J. A. Grant-Mackie, J. D. Stilwell, R. C. Willan, H. J. Campbell, J. S. Crampton, R. A. Henderson, M. A. Bradshaw, J. B. Waterhouse, and J. Pojeta. 2009. Phylum Mollusca. Chitons, clams, tusk shells, squids and kin. In New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume 1. Kingdom Animalia. Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia, ed. D. P. Gordon, pp. 161 - 254. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press." type="book chapter" year="2009">
Spencer
<emphasis box="[1318,1369,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009: 206
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Raven &amp; Bracegirdle, 2010: 27, text-fig.;
<treatmentCitation author="Willan, R &amp; Cook, H &amp; Spencer, R &amp; Creese, S" page="385" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation author="Willan, R &amp; Cook, H &amp; Spencer, R &amp; Creese, S" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="295 - 566" refId="ref123562" refString="Willan, R. C., S. de C. Cook, H. G. Spencer, R. G. Creese, S. O'Shea, and G. D. Jackson. 2010. Phylum Mollusca. In: New Zealand Coastal Marine Invertebrates. Volume 1, ed. S. de C. Cook, pp. 295 - 566. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Willan
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
., 2010: 385
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, text-fig.;
<treatmentCitation author="Grove, S" box="[1138,1298,811,832]" page="40" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation author="Grove, S" box="[1138,1298,811,832]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref106199" refString="Grove, S. 2011. The Seashells of Tasmania: A Comprehensive Guide. Taroona, Tasmania: Taroona Publications." type="book" year="2011">Grove, 2011: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 18, fig. 9;
<treatmentCitation author="Severns, M" box="[900,1083,838,859]" page="198" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation author="Severns, M" box="[900,1083,838,859]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref119722" refString="Severns, M. 2011. Shells of the Hawaiian Islands. The Sea Shells. Hachenheim, Germany: ConchBooks." type="book" year="2011">Severns, 2011: 198</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 82, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation author="Hernandez, J &amp; Rolan, F &amp; Swinnen, R" page="97" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation author="Hernandez, J &amp; Rolan, F &amp; Swinnen, R" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref107254" refString="Hernandez, J. M., E. Rolan, F. Swinnen, R. Gomez, and J. M. Perez. 2011. Moluscos y Conchas Marinas de Canarias. Solenogastres, Caudofoveata, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda y Scaphopoda. Hachenheim, Germany: ConchBooks." type="book" year="2011">
Hernández
<emphasis box="[1325,1366,837,859]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
., 2011: 97
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 30AD.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis box="[869,1037,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName box="[869,1020,891,912]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">Ianthina exigua</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
G. B. Sowerby I, 1822: 2nd
<emphasis box="[1298,1379,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Ianthina</emphasis>
page, pl. 191, figs 23;
<treatmentCitation author="Bronn, H" box="[1056,1220,917,939]" page="328" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1826">
<bibRefCitation author="Bronn, H" box="[1056,1220,917,939]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1824" refId="ref100212" refString="Bronn, H. G. 1826. Ergebnisse Meiner Naturhistorisch-Oconomischen Reisen. Volume I. Briefe aus der Schweitz, Italien und Sudfrankreich, in Sommer 1824. Heidelberg and Leipzig: K. Groos." type="book chapter" year="1826">Bronn, 1826: 328</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; dOrbigny, 1841: 414; Reeve, 1842: 145, pl. 205, figs 23 (repeat of Sowerbys 1822 figs); dOrbigny, 1846: 84; Forbes &amp; Hanley, 1853, vol. 2: 555, pl. 69, figs 89; H.Adams &amp; A.Adams, 1854: 87;
<bibRefCitation author="Reeve, L" box="[935,1057,1024,1046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref118162" refString="Reeve, L. A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Ianthina. Conchologia Iconica; or, Illustrations of the Shells of Molluscous Animals. Volume 11, plates 1 - 5 + unpaginated captions. London: Reeve [Dec 1858; Petit (2007)]." type="journal article" year="1858">Reeve, 1858</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 5, figs 21ab;
<treatmentCitation author="Chenu, J" box="[1226,1396,1024,1046]" page="118" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1859">
<bibRefCitation author="Chenu, J" box="[1226,1396,1024,1046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref101357" refString="Chenu, J. C. 1859. Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paleontologie Conchyliologique. Tome premier. Paris: V. Masson." type="book" year="1859">Chenu, 1859: 118</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 519;
<treatmentCitation author="Benson, W" box="[947,1127,1051,1073]" page="408" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, W" box="[947,1127,1051,1073]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="405 - 414" refId="ref98240" refString="Benson, W. H. 1860. Notes on Ianthina, Bolten, and indication of a new species of the allied oceanic genus Recluzia, Petit. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 6: 405 - 414." type="journal article" year="1860">Benson, 1860: 408</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Angas, G" box="[1134,1303,1051,1073]" page="190" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1865">
<bibRefCitation author="Angas, G" box="[1134,1303,1051,1073]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="155 - 190" refId="ref96544" refString="Angas, G. F. 1865. On the marine molluscan fauna of the province of South Australia: with a list of all the species known up to the present time; together with remarks on their habitats and distributions, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 155 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1865. tb 02393. x" type="journal article" year="1865">Angas, 1865: 190</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Angas, G" page="231" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation author="Angas, G" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="185 - 233" refId="ref96621" refString="Angas, G. F. 1867. A list of species of marine Mollusca found in Port Jackson Harbour, New South Wales, and on the adjacent coasts, with notes on their habits, etc. - Part 1. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 185 - 233." type="journal article" year="1867">Angas, 1867: 231</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[944,1100,1077,1099]" page="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1873">
<bibRefCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[944,1100,1077,1099]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref107671" refString="Hutton, F. W. 1873 a. Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca of New Zealand, with Diagnoses of the Species. Wellington: Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department." type="book" year="1873">Hutton, 1873a: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Martens, E" box="[1109,1279,1078,1099]" page="39" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1873">
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, E" box="[1109,1279,1078,1099]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref112479" refString="Martens, E. von. 1873. Critical List of the Mollusca of New Zealand Contained in European Collections, with References to Descriptions and Synonyms. Wellington: Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department." type="book" year="1873">Martens, 1873: 39</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Tenison Woods, J" page="43" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1878">
<bibRefCitation author="Tenison Woods, J" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="26 - 57" refId="ref121409" refString="Tenison Woods, J. E. [1878]. Census; with brief descriptions of the marine shells of Tasmania and the adjacent islands. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1877: 26 - 57 (volume issued 14 Jun 1879; reprints issued 30 Apr 1878)." type="journal article" year="1878">Tenison Woods, 1878: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[994,1159,1104,1126]" page="71" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation author="Hutton, F" box="[994,1159,1104,1126]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref107740" refString="Hutton, F. W. 1880. Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. A Systematic and Descriptive Catalogue of the Marine and Land Shells, and of the Soft Mollusca and Polyzoa of New Zealand and the Adjacent Islands. Wellington: Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department." type="book" year="1880">Hutton, 1880: 71</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; G. B. Sowerby II, 1882: 51, pl. 444, figs 2324;
<treatmentCitation author="Watson, R" box="[1105,1295,1131,1153]" page="134" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation author="Watson, R" box="[1105,1295,1131,1153]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 756" refId="ref123119" refString="Watson, R. B. 1886. Report on the Scaphopoda and Gasteropoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology 15: i - v, 1 - 756." type="journal article" year="1886">Watson, 1886: 134</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Tryon, G" page="37" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation author="Tryon, G" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref122313" refString="Tryon, G. W. 1887. Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic. With Illustrations of the Species. Series 1, volume 9. Solariidae, Ianthinidae, Trichotropidae, Scalariidae, Cerithiidae, Rissoidae, Littorinidae. Philadelphia: G. W. Tryon." type="book" year="1887">Tryon, 1887: 37</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, figs 1722;
<treatmentCitation author="Whitelegge, T" box="[1125,1351,1157,1179]" page="262" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation author="Whitelegge, T" box="[1125,1351,1157,1179]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="163 - 323" refId="ref123422" refString="Whitelegge, T. 1889. List of the marine and freshwater invertebrate fauna of Port Jackson and the neighbourhood. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 23: 163 - 323." type="journal article" year="1889">Whitelegge, 1889: 262</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Locard, A" page="4" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation author="Locard, A" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref111507" refString="Locard, A. 1898. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman Pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage Publie sous les Auspices du Ministere de l'Instruction Publique sous la Direction de A. Milne-Edwards. Mollusques Testaces. Tome second. Paris: V. Masson." type="journal volume" year="1898">Locard, 1898: 4</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Pritchard &amp; Gatliff, 1900: 140; Tate &amp; May, 1901: 407;
<treatmentCitation author="Martens, E" box="[1009,1200,1211,1232]" page="143" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, E" box="[1009,1200,1211,1232]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref112516" refString="Martens, E. von. [1904]. Die beschalten Gastropoden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899. A. Systematisch-geographischer Teil. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899 7: 1 - 146 (dated 1903, published 1904)." type="journal article" year="1904">Martens, 1904: 143</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Verco, J" box="[1210,1353,1211,1232]" page="9" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation author="Verco, J" box="[1210,1353,1211,1232]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref122826" refString="Verco, J. C. 1908. Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca of South Australia. Adelaide: J. Verco." type="book" year="1908">Verco, 1908: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Iredale, T" page="71" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation author="Iredale, T" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="68 - 79" refId="ref108016" refString="Iredale, T. 1910. On the marine Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands, and on the &quot; Sinusigera apex &quot;. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 9: 68 - 79." type="journal article" year="1910">Iredale, 1910: 71</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Macpherson &amp; Chapple, 1951: 124;
<treatmentCitation author="Laursen, D" page="22" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation author="Laursen, D" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref110630" refString="Laursen, D. 1953. The genus Ianthina: a monograph. Dana Reports 38: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1953">Laursen, 1953: 22</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 2224;
<treatmentCitation author="Macpherson, J" box="[1110,1328,1264,1286]" page="33" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation author="Macpherson, J" box="[1110,1328,1264,1286]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref112101" refString="Macpherson, J. H. 1958. An Illustrated Index of Tasmanian shells, by W. L. May, Revised by J. H. Macpherson. Hobart: Tasmanian Government Printer." type="book" year="1958">Macpherson, 1958: 33</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 29, fig. 4; Macpherson &amp; Gabriel, 1962: 119, fig. 146.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitation author="Philippi, R" box="[869,1204,1317,1339]" page="149" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1849">
<taxonomicName authority="Philippi, 1849: 149" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1849" box="[869,1204,1317,1339]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="incisa">
<emphasis box="[869,1015,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina incisa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Philippi, R" box="[1019,1204,1317,1339]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref116347" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1849. Centuria altera testaceorum novorum (continuatio Febr. 1849). Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie Jahrgang 1848: 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1849">Philippi, 1849: 149</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; H.Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1854: 87;
<treatmentCitation author="Tryon, G" box="[995,1153,1344,1366]" page="38" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation author="Tryon, G" box="[995,1153,1344,1366]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref122313" refString="Tryon, G. W. 1887. Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic. With Illustrations of the Species. Series 1, volume 9. Solariidae, Ianthinidae, Trichotropidae, Scalariidae, Cerithiidae, Rissoidae, Littorinidae. Philadelphia: G. W. Tryon." type="book" year="1887">Tryon, 1887: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitation author="Gray, J" box="[869,1174,1371,1393]" page="9" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1850">
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1850: 9" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1850" box="[869,1174,1371,1393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[869,1000,1371,1392]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Ianthina nana</emphasis>
J. E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J" box="[1047,1174,1371,1393]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref105940" refString="Gray, J. E. 1850. Figures of Molluscous Animals, Selected from Various Authors. Etched for the Use of Students by Maria Emma Gray. Volume IV. Explanation of Plates and List of Genera. London: Longman, Brown, Green &amp; Longmans." type="book" year="1850">Gray, 1850: 9</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 101 (caption to M. E. Gray, 1842: pl. 48, figs 34).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" box="[869,1437,1424,1446]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="Philippi." authorityName="Philippi." box="[869,1100,1424,1446]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="incisa">
<emphasis box="[869,1013,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Ianthina incisa</emphasis>
Philippi.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1099,1114,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191"></emphasis>
H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1854: 87.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" box="[869,1437,1451,1473]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="&quot; Nuttall" authorityName="Nuttall" box="[869,1086,1451,1473]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis box="[869,1007,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Ianthina bifida</emphasis>
“Nuttall
</taxonomicName>
in Jay”
<bibRefCitation author="Reeve, L" box="[1158,1278,1451,1473]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref118162" refString="Reeve, L. A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Ianthina. Conchologia Iconica; or, Illustrations of the Shells of Molluscous Animals. Volume 11, plates 1 - 5 + unpaginated captions. London: Reeve [Dec 1858; Petit (2007)]." type="journal article" year="1858">Reeve, 1858</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 5, figs 25ab.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitation author="Montrouzier, R" box="[869,1302,1477,1499]" page="114" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1860">
<taxonomicName authority="Montrouzier, 1860: 114" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityPageNumber="114" authorityYear="1860" box="[869,1302,1477,1499]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capreolata">
<emphasis box="[869,1063,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina capreolata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Montrouzier, R" box="[1071,1302,1477,1499]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="373 - 375" refId="ref113858" refString="Montrouzier, R. P. 1860. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'Archipel Caledonien. Journal de Conchyliologie 7: 373 - 375." type="journal article" year="1860">Montrouzier, 1860: 114</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Hedley, C" box="[900,1027,1504,1526]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref107152" refString="Hedley, C. 1918. A check-list of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Mollusca. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1918">Hedley, 1918</bibRefCitation>
: M61;
<treatmentCitation author="May, W" box="[1089,1225,1504,1526]" page="63" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation author="May, W" box="[1089,1225,1504,1526]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref112868" refString="May, W. L. 1921. A Check-List of the Mollusca of Tasmania. Hobart: Tasmanian Government Printer." type="book" year="1921">May, 1921: 63</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="May, W" box="[1233,1336,1504,1526]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref112890" refString="May, W. L. 1923. An Illustrated Index of Tasmanian Shells with 47 Plates and 1052 Species. Supplementary to the Check List Issued in 1921. Hobart: Tasmanian Government Printer." type="book" year="1923">May, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 19, fig. 4;
<treatmentCitation author="Fischer-Piette, E" box="[922,1147,1531,1553]" page="18" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer-Piette, E" box="[922,1147,1531,1553]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="8 - 23" refId="ref104264" refString="Fischer-Piette, E. 1950. Liste des types decrits dans le Journal de Conchyliologie et conserves dans la collection de ce journal. Journal de Conchyliologie 90: 8 - 23." type="journal article" year="1950">Fischer-Piette, 1950: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Allan, J" box="[1155,1302,1531,1553]" page="95" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation author="Allan, J" box="[1155,1302,1531,1553]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1962" refId="ref96374" refString="Allan, J. K. 1950. Australian Shells, With Related Animals Living in the Sea, in Freshwater and on the Land. Revised edition 1959; reprinted 1962. Melbourne: Georgian House." type="journal article" year="1950">Allan, 1950: 95</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, text-fig. 22.4.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" box="[869,1363,1557,1579]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[869,1363,1557,1579]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="Gray." authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[869,1172,1557,1579]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nana" subGenus="Janthina">
<emphasis box="[869,1113,1557,1579]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina (Janthina) nana</emphasis>
Gray.
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation author="Morch, O" box="[1184,1359,1557,1579]" page="281" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation author="Morch, O" box="[1184,1359,1557,1579]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref113979" refString="Morch, O. A. L. 1860. Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire de la famille des Janthines. Journal de Conchyliologie 8: 261 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Mörch, 1860: 281</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck." authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[869,1231,1584,1606]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua" subGenus="Iodina">
<emphasis box="[869,1125,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina (Iodina) exigua</emphasis>
Lamarck.
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation author="Morch, O" box="[1243,1432,1584,1606]" page="282" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation author="Morch, O" box="[1243,1432,1584,1606]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref113979" refString="Morch, O. A. L. 1860. Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire de la famille des Janthines. Journal de Conchyliologie 8: 261 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Mörch, 1860: 282</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Powell, A" box="[900,1069,1611,1633]" page="77" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1946">
<bibRefCitation author="Powell, A" box="[900,1069,1611,1633]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref117140" refString="Powell, A. W. B. 1946. The Shellfish of New Zealand. An Illustrated Handbook (second, revised and enlarged edition). Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs." type="book" year="1946">Powell, 1946: 77</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, fig. 30;
<treatmentCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1230,1399,1611,1633]" page="98" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1230,1399,1611,1633]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref117203" refString="Powell, A. W. B. 1957. Shells of New Zealand. An Illustrated Handbook (third edition). Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs." type="book" year="1957">Powell, 1957: 98</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, fig. 30;
<treatmentCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1010,1175,1637,1659]" page="91" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation author="Powell, A" box="[1010,1175,1637,1659]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1962" refId="ref117232" refString="Powell, A. W. B. [1962]. Shells of New Zealand. An Illustrated Handbook (fourth edition). Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs (dated 1961, published 1962)." type="journal article" year="1962">Powell, 1962: 91</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, fig. 30.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="Montrouzier." authorityName="Montrouzier." box="[869,1291,1664,1686]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capreolata" subGenus="Iodina">
<emphasis box="[869,1155,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina (Iodina) capreolata</emphasis>
Montrouzier.
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation author="Morch, O" page="283" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation author="Morch, O" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref113979" refString="Morch, O. A. L. 1860. Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire de la famille des Janthines. Journal de Conchyliologie 8: 261 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Mörch, 1860: 283</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" box="[869,1369,1717,1739]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[869,1369,1717,1739]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="Nuttall." authorityName="Nuttall." box="[869,1177,1717,1739]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bifida" subGenus="Iodina">
<emphasis box="[869,1099,1717,1738]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina (Iodina) bifida</emphasis>
Nuttall.
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation author="Morch, O" box="[1189,1365,1717,1739]" page="283" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation author="Morch, O" box="[1189,1365,1717,1739]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref113979" refString="Morch, O. A. L. 1860. Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire de la famille des Janthines. Journal de Conchyliologie 8: 261 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Mörch, 1860: 283</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" box="[869,1393,1744,1766]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[869,1393,1744,1766]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitation author="Deshayes, G" box="[869,1223,1744,1766]" page="94" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1863">
<taxonomicName authority="Deshayes, 1863: 94" authorityName="Deshayes" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1863" box="[869,1223,1744,1766]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vinsoni">
<emphasis box="[869,1026,1744,1766]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Ianthina vinsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Deshayes, G" box="[1032,1223,1744,1766]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - E 144" refId="ref103473" refString="Deshayes, G. P. 1863. Annexe E. Catalogue des mollusques de l'Ile de la Reunion (Bourbon). In Maillard, L. Notes sur l'Ile de la Reunion (Bourbon), second edition, volume 2, pp. E 1 - E 144. Paris: Dentu (a separate work issued one year later than the rest of Vol. 2)." type="journal article" year="1863">Deshayes, 1863: 94</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, figs 911.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" box="[869,1367,1771,1793]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[869,1367,1771,1793]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="(Lamarck)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" box="[869,1111,1771,1793]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Santalaceae" genus="Jodina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[869,1005,1771,1792]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Jodina exigua</emphasis>
(Lamarck)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis box="[1115,1130,1771,1792]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191"></emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Monterosato, T" box="[1130,1363,1771,1793]" page="106" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation author="Monterosato, T" box="[1130,1363,1771,1793]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="655 - 808" refId="ref113773" refString="Monterosato, T. A. M. di. 1884. Nomenclatura Generica e Specifica di Alcune Conchiglie Mediterranee. Palermo: Tipografico Virzi (reprinted, as above, pp. 655 - 808). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51528" type="book chapter" year="1884">Monterosato, 1884: 106</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="Mabille &amp; Rochebrune" authorityName="Mabille &amp; Rochebrune" authorityYear="1889" box="[869,1288,1797,1819]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="courcellei">
<emphasis box="[869,1056,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina courcellei</emphasis>
Mabille &amp; Rochebrune
</taxonomicName>
in Rochebrune &amp;
<treatmentCitation author="Mabille, J" box="[927,1104,1824,1846]" page="45" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation author="Mabille, J" box="[927,1104,1824,1846]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="3 - 143" refId="ref112001" refString="Mabille, J., and A. T. Rochebrune. 1889. Mollusques. In Ministere de la Marine … Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882 - 1883. Vol. 6, Zoologie 2, part H, pp. 3 - 143. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. [See Petit (2010)]." type="journal article" year="1889">Mabille, 1889: 45</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6, figs 3ab [
<emphasis box="[1276,1360,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">courcelli</emphasis>
in text,
<emphasis box="[901,996,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">courcellei</emphasis>
in caption; the latter adopted by Rosenberg (Malacolog 4.1.1)];
<treatmentCitation author="Forcelli, D" box="[1104,1289,1877,1899]" page="82" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation author="Forcelli, D" box="[1104,1289,1877,1899]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref104555" refString="Forcelli, D. O. 2000. Moluscos Magallanicos. Guia de los Moluscos de la Patagonia y del Sur de Chile. Buenos Aires: Vazquez Mazzini." type="book" year="2000">Forcelli, 2000: 82</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, original illus. copied;
<treatmentCitation author="Petit, R" box="[976,1120,1904,1926]" page="48" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation author="Petit, R" box="[976,1120,1904,1926]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" pagination="41 - 65" refId="ref116170" refString="Petit, R. E. 2010. The Magellanic Mollusca of Rochebrune and Mabille. Zootaxa 2723: 41 - 65." type="journal article" year="2010">Petit, 2010: 48</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="72.[869,1438,251,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="72" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck." authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[869,1207,1931,1953]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua" subGenus="Jodina">
<emphasis box="[869,1112,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191">Janthina (Jodina) exigua</emphasis>
Lamarck.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1207,1222,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="191"></emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Thiele, J" box="[1221,1394,1931,1953]" page="225" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J" box="[1221,1394,1931,1953]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref121543" refString="Thiele, J. 1929. Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde. Erster Band. Teil 1. Loricata; Gastropoda. I: Prosobranchia (Vorderkeimer). Jena: G. Fischer (reprint, 1963, Amsterdam: Asher and Co.; Smithsonian Institution Libraries translation by J. S. Bhatti, ed. R. Bieler and P. Mikkelsen, 1992)." type="book" year="1929">Thiele, 1929: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 228;
<treatmentCitation author="Abbott, R" box="[947,1123,1957,1979]" page="113" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation author="Abbott, R" box="[947,1123,1957,1979]" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref95518" refString="Abbott, R. T. 1974. American Seashells. The Marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North America. Second edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold." type="book" year="1974">Abbott, 1974: 113</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, col. pl. 3, fig. 1181;
<treatmentCitation author="Rios, E" page="102" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation author="Rios, E" pageId="72" pageNumber="191" refId="ref118404" refString="Rios, E. de C. 1994. Seashells of Brazil. Second edition. Collaborators: M. Haimovici, J. A. Alvares Peres, R. A. dos Santos. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil: Museu Oceanografico ' Prof. Eliezer de Carvalho Rios', Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande." type="book" year="1994">Rios, 1994: 102</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 33, fig. 416.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[151,719,151,307]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName authority="Montrouzier." authorityName="Montrouzier." box="[151,462,151,173]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capreolata">
<emphasis box="[151,336,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Ianthina capreolata</emphasis>
Montrouzier.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[461,475,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192"></emphasis>
Cotton, 1932: 537; Cotton &amp; Godfrey, 1932: 36; Cotton &amp; Godfrey, 1938: 16;
<treatmentCitation author="Kershaw, R" box="[182,377,205,227]" page="312" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation author="Kershaw, R" box="[182,377,205,227]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="289 - 355" refId="ref109572" refString="Kershaw, R. C. 1955. A systematic list of the Mollusca of Tasmania, Australia. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 89: 289 - 355." type="journal article" year="1955">Kershaw, 1955: 312</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Cotton, B" box="[387,564,205,227]" page="376" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation author="Cotton, B" box="[387,564,205,227]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref102254" refString="Cotton, B. C. 1959. South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda. Handbook of the Fauna and Flora of South Australia. Adelaide: Government Printer." type="book" year="1959">Cotton, 1959: 376</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[151,719,151,307]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName authority="(Montrouzier)" baseAuthorityName="Montrouzier" box="[151,476,231,253]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cervantesiaceae" genus="Iodina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Santalales" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capreolata">
<emphasis box="[151,329,231,252]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Iodina capreolata</emphasis>
(Montrouzier)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis box="[480,495,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192"></emphasis>
Iredale &amp; McMichael, 1962: 49.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[151,719,151,307]" box="[151,719,285,307]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,719,285,307]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck." authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,493,285,307]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua" subGenus="Violetta">
<emphasis box="[151,399,285,306]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina (Violetta) exigua</emphasis>
Lamarck.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[492,507,286,307]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192"></emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Higo, S" box="[507,715,285,307]" page="173" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation author="Higo, S" box="[507,715,285,307]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref107334" refString="Higo, S., P. Callomon, and Y. Goto. 1999. Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-bearing Mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda. Bivalvia. Polyplacophora. Scaphopoda. Osaka: Elle Scientific Publications." type="book" year="1999">
Higo
<emphasis box="[559,607,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 173
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="73.[119,750,328,1995]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,276,328,352]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Type material</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[287,454,328,352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[287,454,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<specimenCount box="[466,479,328,352]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">3</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[484,576,329,353]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[581,664,328,352]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[664,748,328,352]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">1094/80</specimenCode>
examined, now catalogued as
<collectionCode box="[435,592,358,382]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">MHNG-INVE</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[592,658,358,382]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">51377</specimenCode>
, without locality; all are conspecific and agree with
<bibRefCitation author="Laursen, D" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref110630" refString="Laursen, D. 1953. The genus Ianthina: a monograph. Dana Reports 38: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1953">Laursens (1953)</bibRefCitation>
and all later interpretations of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[534,630,417,440]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[534,630,417,440]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
However, as with
<taxonomicName authority=", Rosalie" authorityName="Rosalie" box="[209,438,446,470]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis box="[209,342,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. communis</emphasis>
, Rosalie
</taxonomicName>
de Lamarcks annotation on Lamarcks copy of
<emphasis box="[325,577,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Animaux sans vertèbres</emphasis>
states that there is only one specimen in Lamarcks collection, so at least two and conceivably all three of these specimens are not original
<typeStatus box="[213,309,564,588]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntypes</typeStatus>
, although it is not possible to determine which is (Y. Finet,
<collectionCode box="[324,405,592,616]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
pers. comm.
<date box="[549,687,592,616]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" value="2012-09-27">27 Sep 2012</date>
). Two of the
<typeStatus box="[196,290,622,646]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntypes</typeStatus>
were illustrated by
<bibRefCitation author="Mermod, G" box="[518,744,622,646]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="131 - 202" refId="ref113611" refString="Mermod, G. 1953. Les types de la collection Lamarck au Museum de Geneve: Mollusques vivants, IV. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 60: 131 - 202." type="journal article" year="1953">Mermod (1953: 201</bibRefCitation>
, figs 200.12), who described their angulated axial ridges commarginal with the mid-whorl sinus, and commented on the difficulty of matching any of them with the poor drawings in
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, J" box="[146,309,739,763]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref110529" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. 1816. Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature … Vingt-Troisieme Partie. Mollusques et Polypes Divers. Liste des Objets Representes dans les Planches de cette Livraison, 16 pp; pls 391 - 488, 431 bis, 431 bis *. Paris: Agasse." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck (1816</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 456, figs 2ab). The writer is not aware of the location of any type material of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1849" box="[521,683,768,792]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="incisa">
<emphasis box="[521,683,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina incisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry box="[120,207,798,822]" name="Senegal" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Senegal</collectingCountry>
; possibly in Philippis collection in Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, not available for consultation, so a new type is not designated here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[119,750,328,1995]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
The term “aucta” in G. B. Sowerby Is (1822: second
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[121,211,915,939]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[121,211,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Ianthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
p., pl. 191, fig. 3) caption to his second illustrated specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[250,416,944,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[250,416,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not constitute the proposal of a species-group name, but indicates that the illustration is enlarged. In an identical case,
<bibRefCitation author="Petit, R" box="[468,642,1003,1027]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref116138" refString="Petit, R. E. 2009. George Brettingham Sowerby, I, II &amp; III: their conchological publications and molluscan taxa. Zootaxa 2189: 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="2009">Petit (2009: 192</bibRefCitation>
, taxa note 27) stated that “The position taken here is that “
<emphasis box="[634,693,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">aucta</emphasis>
” is a descriptive term (= enlarged) and not an available name”. The drawings in
<bibRefCitation author="Reeve, L" box="[314,453,1091,1115]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref118075" refString="Reeve, L. A. 1841 - 1842. Conchologia Systematica, or Complete System of Conchology: in which the Lepades and Conchiferous Mollusca are Described and Classified According to their Natural Organisation and Habits. Volume 1, parts 1 - 3, 1841; volume 1, parts 4, 5 and volume 2, parts 6 - 12, 1842. London: Longman, Green, Brown and Longmans [compilation: Petit (2007: table 1)]." type="book" year="1841">Reeve (1841</bibRefCitation>
1842, vol. 2: pl. 205) are republications of the illustrations in G. B. Sowerby I (1822: pl. 191), and the term “aucta” appears in
<bibRefCitation author="Reeve, L" box="[541,673,1150,1174]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref118075" refString="Reeve, L. A. 1841 - 1842. Conchologia Systematica, or Complete System of Conchology: in which the Lepades and Conchiferous Mollusca are Described and Classified According to their Natural Organisation and Habits. Volume 1, parts 1 - 3, 1841; volume 1, parts 4, 5 and volume 2, parts 6 - 12, 1842. London: Longman, Green, Brown and Longmans [compilation: Petit (2007: table 1)]." type="book" year="1841">Reeve (1841</bibRefCitation>
1842: pl. 205) also, at the bottom edge of the plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[119,750,328,1995]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<treatmentCitation author="Gray, J" box="[151,530,1208,1232]" page="9" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="1850">
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray (1850: 9" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,530,1208,1232]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[151,309,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina nana</emphasis>
J. E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J" box="[374,530,1208,1232]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref105940" refString="Gray, J. E. 1850. Figures of Molluscous Animals, Selected from Various Authors. Etched for the Use of Students by Maria Emma Gray. Volume IV. Explanation of Plates and List of Genera. London: Longman, Brown, Green &amp; Longmans." type="book" year="1850">Gray (1850: 9</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 101; caption to M. E. Gray 1842: pl. 48, figs 34) refers to an illustration by “Quoy, Voy. Astrol. t. 29, f. 5, 6”, which shows a crudely drawn specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[349,452,1297,1320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[349,452,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Atlantic Ocean. Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1833: caption to pl. 29) identified this specimen with the vernacular name “Janthine naine”, as pointed out by
<treatmentCitation author="Morch, O" box="[327,534,1384,1408]" page="281" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation author="Morch, O" box="[327,534,1384,1408]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref113979" refString="Morch, O. A. L. 1860. Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire de la famille des Janthines. Journal de Conchyliologie 8: 261 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Mörch (1860: 281</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; as “nain”, sic), so Gray merely Latinized Quoy &amp; Gaimards species name. Lamarck (1922: 206) earlier provided
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[551,651,1444,1467]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[551,651,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the vernacular name “Janthine naine”, so Quoy &amp; Gaimard were repeating Lamarcks vernacular name. The specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[150,248,1532,1555]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[150,248,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
illustrated by Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1833, pl. 29, figs 56) is the
<typeStatus box="[280,374,1560,1584]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[406,482,1561,1584]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[406,482,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this specimen is not recognisable in
<collectingRegion box="[364,446,1590,1613]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">MNHN</collectingRegion>
(P. Bouchet,
<collectingRegion box="[597,682,1590,1613]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">MNHN</collectingRegion>
, pers. comm.
<date box="[207,339,1619,1643]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" value="2016-04-05">5 Apr 2016</date>
), so the largest
<typeStatus box="[521,606,1620,1644]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[647,748,1620,1643]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[647,748,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in MHNG-INVE51377 is here designated the
<typeStatus box="[631,717,1649,1673]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">neotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1850" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[123,404,1678,1702]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[123,277,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina nana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J" box="[281,404,1678,1702]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref105940" refString="Gray, J. E. 1850. Figures of Molluscous Animals, Selected from Various Authors. Etched for the Use of Students by Maria Emma Gray. Volume IV. Explanation of Plates and List of Genera. London: Longman, Brown, Green &amp; Longmans." type="book" year="1850">Gray, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation author="Petit, R" box="[413,581,1678,1702]" page="76" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation author="Petit, R" box="[413,581,1678,1702]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref116193" refString="Petit, R. E. 2012. John Edward Gray (1800 - 1875): his malacological publications and molluscan taxa. Zootaxa 3214: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2012">Petit (2012: 76)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
apparently was not aware of the publication of the name
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[559,714,1707,1731]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[559,714,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation author="Gray, J" box="[120,314,1736,1760]" page="101" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="1850">
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J" box="[120,314,1736,1760]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" refId="ref105940" refString="Gray, J. E. 1850. Figures of Molluscous Animals, Selected from Various Authors. Etched for the Use of Students by Maria Emma Gray. Volume IV. Explanation of Plates and List of Genera. London: Longman, Brown, Green &amp; Longmans." type="book" year="1850">Gray (1850: 101)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
and attributed the name to
<treatmentCitation author="Couffon, O &amp; Surrault, T" page="57" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation author="Couffon, O &amp; Surrault, T" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref102432" refString="Couffon, O., and T. Surrault, T. 1909. Collection malacologique T. Letourneux offerte au Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de la Ville d'Angers par le Commandant E. Letourneux: catalog. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etudes Scientifiques d'Angers (Maine-et-Loire) (n. s.) 38, Supplement: i - xvi, 1 - 202 [not seen; from Petit (2012: 107)]." type="journal article" year="1909">Couffon &amp; Surrault (1909: 57)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, where it is a
<emphasis box="[485,638,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[119,750,328,1995]" lastBlockId="73.[792,1422,152,528]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName box="[151,367,1795,1819]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capreolata">
<emphasis box="[151,367,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina capreolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two lots of two specimens each in MNHN formerly were considered
<typeStatus box="[492,585,1825,1849]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer-Piette, E" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="8 - 23" refId="ref104264" refString="Fischer-Piette, E. 1950. Liste des types decrits dans le Journal de Conchyliologie et conserves dans la collection de ce journal. Journal de Conchyliologie 90: 8 - 23." type="journal article" year="1950">Fischer-Piette 1950: 18</bibRefCitation>
), but as
<bibRefCitation author="Montrouzier, R" box="[317,587,1854,1878]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="373 - 375" refId="ref113858" refString="Montrouzier, R. P. 1860. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'Archipel Caledonien. Journal de Conchyliologie 7: 373 - 375." type="journal article" year="1860">Montrouzier (1860: 114)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the types were in “ma collection Musée de Bordeaux,
<specimenCount box="[643,695,1883,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="generic">4 ex.</specimenCount>
”, the MNHN specimens are not
<typeStatus box="[409,506,1913,1937]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntypes</typeStatus>
; 3 remaining
<typeStatus box="[653,746,1913,1937]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntypes</typeStatus>
MHNB2004.TY.160.0; photographs of MHNB
<typeStatus box="[654,749,1942,1966]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntypes</typeStatus>
sent
<date box="[171,306,1971,1995]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" value="2012-09-21">21 Sep 2012</date>
(pers. comm. L. Charles, MHNB, and V. Héros, MNHN); from Art Island,
<collectingCountry box="[1150,1319,152,176]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deshayes" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vinsoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina vinsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no type material in either MNHN or Université Lyon-1, where most of Deshayess collection is stored (V. Héros, MNHN, pers. comm.
<date box="[1154,1297,240,264]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" value="2012-09-21">21 Sep 2012</date>
; E. Robert, Université Lyon-1, pers. comm.
<date box="[1164,1310,269,293]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" value="2012-10-02">02 Oct 2012</date>
), location unknown; from
<collectingCountry box="[972,1066,298,322]" name="Réunion" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Réunion</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mabille &amp; Rochebrune" authorityYear="1889" box="[1079,1288,298,322]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="courcellei">
<emphasis box="[1079,1288,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina courcellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, empty box in typothèque, MNHN, labeled “type perdu”, apparently long lost; from Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MHNG" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="INVE-51377" typeStatus="syntype">
The largest
<typeStatus box="[795,876,387,411]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authority=", MHNG-INVE" authorityName="MHNG-INVE" box="[904,1078,386,410]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[904,1069,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
,
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode box="[1082,1236,386,410]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">MHNG-INVE</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[1236,1301,386,410]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">51377</specimenCode>
, designated above as the neotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1070,1152,416,439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[1070,1152,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">J. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is here also designated the neotype of both
<taxonomicName authority="Deshayes, 1863" authorityName="Deshayes" authorityYear="1863" box="[1017,1374,445,469]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vinsoni">
<emphasis box="[1017,1196,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina vinsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Deshayes, G" box="[1203,1374,445,469]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - E 144" refId="ref103473" refString="Deshayes, G. P. 1863. Annexe E. Catalogue des mollusques de l'Ile de la Reunion (Bourbon). In Maillard, L. Notes sur l'Ile de la Reunion (Bourbon), second edition, volume 2, pp. E 1 - E 144. Paris: Dentu (a separate work issued one year later than the rest of Vol. 2)." type="journal article" year="1863">Deshayes, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Mabille &amp; Rochbrune, 1889" authorityName="Mabille &amp; Rochebrune" authorityYear="1889" box="[796,1303,474,498]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="courcellei">
<emphasis box="[796,1001,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Janthina courcellei</emphasis>
Mabille &amp; Rochbrune, 1889
</taxonomicName>
, in order to identify these names permanently with the present species.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[792,1423,550,953]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,1024,550,569]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Other material examined</emphasis>
. Present-day samples from Australia and New Zealand:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,1142,573,593]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingCountry box="[875,964,574,593]" name="Australia" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Australia</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[977,1135,573,593]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[977,1135,573,593]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Cable Beach, Broome (
<collectionCode box="[1357,1411,574,593]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); Duke of Orleans Bay (
<collectionCode box="[992,1042,598,617]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
); Bunbury (
<collectionCode box="[1146,1196,598,617]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
); Leighton (
<collectionCode box="[1303,1360,598,617]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
); Point Peron,Fremantle (
<collectionCode box="[948,1005,622,641]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
.699/70-38,
<collectionCode box="[1102,1158,622,641]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
.366/40,
<collectionCode box="[1226,1284,622,641]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
.589/91-38); City Beach, Perth (
<collectionCode box="[909,959,646,665]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
); Esperance (
<collectionCode box="[1067,1116,646,665]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1122,1175,646,665]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); King George Sound (
<collectionCode box="[1362,1412,646,665]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); Albany (
<collectionCode box="[867,918,670,689]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); Rottnest I. (
<collectionCode box="[1035,1086,670,689]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); 300 fms,
<quantity box="[1183,1244,670,689]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" unit="mi" value="120.0">120 mi</quantity>
W of Eucla (
<collectionCode box="[1359,1410,670,689]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); Ellensbrook Beach (
<collectionCode box="[975,1026,694,713]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1042,1191,693,713]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1042,1184,693,712]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[1042,1184,693,712]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">South Australia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Coorong (
<collectionCode box="[1289,1340,694,713]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); Grange (
<collectionCode box="[800,851,718,737]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); Edithburgh (
<collectionCode box="[971,1022,718,737]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); 165, 240 &amp;
<quantity box="[1135,1190,718,737]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
, off Cape Jaffa (
<collectionCode box="[1325,1376,718,737]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[820,872,742,761]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" unit="km" value="56.0">56 km</quantity>
SW of Neptune I. (
<collectionCode box="[1032,1083,742,761]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1095,1173,742,761]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1095,1165,742,761]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[1095,1165,742,761]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Victoria</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Portland (
<collectionCode box="[1259,1313,742,761]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); Mordialloc (
<collectionCode box="[798,852,766,785]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); Mallacoota (
<collectionCode box="[979,1030,766,785]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1039,1089,766,785]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
); Warnambool (
<collectionCode box="[1229,1283,766,785]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); Curdies Inlet (
<collectionCode box="[800,855,790,809]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis bold="true" box="[873,1040,789,809]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[873,1033,789,809]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[873,1033,789,809]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Newcastle (
<collectionCode box="[1153,1204,790,809]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">SAM</collectionCode>
); Cronulla (
<collectionCode box="[1312,1367,790,809]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); Port Stephens (
<collectionCode box="[889,945,814,833]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); Bondi, Sydney (
<collectionCode box="[1114,1170,814,833]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
); Curl Curl Beach, Sydney (
<collectionCode box="[800,850,838,857]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
); Collaroy Beach, Sydney (
<collectionCode box="[1095,1145,838,857]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<accessionNumber box="[1163,1233,838,857]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C83049" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C83049</accessionNumber>
, Botany Bay (
<collectionCode box="[1361,1411,838,857]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
); Terrigal (
<collectionCode box="[873,923,862,881]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<accessionNumber box="[939,1009,862,881]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C67422" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C67422</accessionNumber>
, Maroubra Beach (
<collectionCode box="[1173,1223,862,881]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
); Stockton Beach, Port Stephens (
<collectionCode box="[880,930,886,905]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<accessionNumber box="[943,1012,886,905]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C40693" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C40693</accessionNumber>
, South Ocean Beach,Bermagui (
<collectionCode box="[1286,1336,886,905]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<accessionNumber box="[1349,1417,886,905]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C11240" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C11240</accessionNumber>
, Wollongong (
<collectionCode box="[907,957,910,929]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis bold="true" box="[968,1061,910,929]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[968,1052,910,929]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[968,1052,910,929]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Tasmania (
<collectionCode box="[1154,1209,910,929]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1215,1264,910,929]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1271,1337,910,929]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
);
<accessionNumber box="[1349,1418,910,929]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C12904" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C12904</accessionNumber>
, Flinders I. (
<collectionCode box="[893,943,934,953]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis bold="true" box="[958,1071,933,953]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[958,1063,933,952]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[958,1063,933,952]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Queensland</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Point Lookout, Stradbroke I. (
<collectionCode box="[1333,1384,934,953]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[794,1422,974,1041]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,972,974,993]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Lord Howe Island:</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[979,1047,974,993]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C59571" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C59571</accessionNumber>
(
<collectionCode box="[1061,1111,974,993]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1129,1272,974,993]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingCountry box="[1129,1268,974,993]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[1279,1347,974,993]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C59409" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C59409</accessionNumber>
(
<collectionCode box="[1361,1411,974,993]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,969,998,1017]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Kermadec Islands:</emphasis>
Raoul I. (
<collectionCode box="[1060,1112,998,1017]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
;
<accessionNumber box="[1123,1193,998,1017]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C36654" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">C36654</accessionNumber>
,
<collectionCode box="[1203,1252,998,1017]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AMS</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode box="[1262,1325,998,1017]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M202863, 12; M272663, many).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="73.[792,1423,1064,1996]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,918,1065,1084]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectingCountry box="[794,914,1065,1084]" name="New Zealand" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
NW of Three Kings Islands (
<collectionCode box="[1155,1219,1065,1084]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M109274, 2; M308654, 8); Middlesex Bank, NW of Three Kings Islands (
<collectionCode box="[1230,1294,1089,1108]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M112779, 1);
<quantity box="[795,882,1112,1132]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" unit="km" value="38.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="37.0">3739 km</quantity>
SW of Great King, Three Kings Islands (
<collectionCode box="[1241,1305,1113,1132]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M094277, 1; M308655, 5; M308656, 1); W Norfolk Ridge, W of Cape Reinga (
<collectionCode box="[1358,1422,1137,1156]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M171012, 1; M171907, 3; M172329, 17); Cape Maria van Diemen (
<accessionNumber box="[800,912,1184,1203]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AWM30649" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectionCode box="[800,857,1184,1203]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AWM</collectionCode>
30649
</accessionNumber>
); Spirits Bay (
<collectionCode box="[1038,1102,1185,1204]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M020279, 3); Ahipara Beach (
<collectionCode box="[1378,1422,1185,1204]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
Suter colln, S2388, 7); Bayleys Beach, Dargaville (
<collectionCode box="[1258,1323,1209,1228]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M299995, 100); Cavalli Islands, Whangaroa (
<collectionCode box="[1106,1171,1233,1252]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M308653, 1); Maro Tiri I., Hen and Chickens Islands (
<collectionCode box="[1035,1079,1257,1276]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM2672, 2); Bream Head, Whangarei (
<accessionNumber box="[800,914,1280,1299]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AWM18335" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectionCode box="[800,859,1280,1299]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AWM</collectionCode>
18335
</accessionNumber>
); Leigh, N
<collectingRegion box="[1019,1104,1280,1299]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Auckland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1118,1183,1281,1300]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M087156, 20); Anawhata Beach, W
<collectingRegion box="[887,970,1304,1323]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Auckland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[985,1029,1305,1324]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM5864, 60; RM6014, 5); Bethells Beach, W
<collectingRegion box="[818,901,1328,1347]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Auckland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[913,977,1329,1348]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M016291, 12; M087157, 500; M308658, 40); Piha Beach, W
<collectingRegion box="[878,960,1352,1371]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Auckland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[970,1014,1353,1372]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM5311, 100;
<collectionCode box="[1142,1205,1353,1372]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M087158, 300); Muriwai Beach, W
<collectingRegion box="[878,961,1376,1395]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Auckland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[973,1017,1377,1396]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM332, 20;
<accessionNumber box="[1128,1237,1376,1395]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AWM18136" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectionCode box="[1128,1184,1376,1395]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AWM</collectionCode>
18136
</accessionNumber>
;
<collectionCode box="[1244,1307,1377,1396]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1312,1386,1376,1395]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M02762" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">M02762</accessionNumber>
, 50; M087159, 1000; M145116, 100); Whatipu, Manukau Harbour,W
<collectingRegion box="[1339,1421,1400,1419]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Auckland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[798,862,1425,1444]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M087155, 20); Mokohinau Islands (
<collectionCode box="[1177,1221,1425,1444]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
Suter colln, S1658, 7); Kaitoke Beach, Great Barrier I. (
<collectionCode box="[1083,1147,1449,1468]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M087153, 5); W coast Awhitu Peninsula, SW of Waiuku, W
<collectingRegion box="[1051,1134,1472,1491]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Auckland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1145,1209,1473,1492]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M277699, 5; M277701, many; M277703, many; M277705, 1; M277707, 1; M277709, many; M277740, 3; M277741, 4); Matakana I.,
<collectingRegion box="[1163,1287,1520,1540]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Bay of Plenty</collectingRegion>
(
<accessionNumber box="[1300,1412,1520,1539]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AWM42757" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectionCode box="[1300,1357,1520,1539]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AWM</collectionCode>
42757
</accessionNumber>
); Papamoa Beach,
<collectingRegion box="[952,1079,1544,1564]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Bay of Plenty</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1094,1160,1545,1564]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M120141, 4); Boulder Bay, Motuhora I., Whakatane (
<collectionCode box="[1015,1079,1569,1588]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M 033166, 20); Opotiki,
<collectingRegion box="[1302,1422,1568,1588]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Bay of Plenty</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[800,844,1593,1612]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM331, 4); Te Kaha,
<collectingRegion box="[1037,1155,1592,1612]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Bay of Plenty</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1166,1230,1593,1612]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M040065, 6); E of Te Araroa, East Cape (
<collectionCode box="[965,1009,1617,1636]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM4899, 3); Wainui Beach,
<collectingRegion box="[1267,1345,1616,1635]" country="New Zealand" name="Gisborne" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Gisborne</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1357,1421,1617,1636]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M308657, 4); Waimarama,
<collectingRegion box="[1033,1149,1640,1660]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1162,1206,1641,1660]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM334, 11); Nukumaru Beach, Whanganui (
<collectionCode box="[968,1012,1665,1684]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM5626, 100); Whanganui (
<collectionCode box="[1263,1307,1665,1684]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM4053, 1); Otaki Beach, W
<collectingRegion box="[934,1028,1688,1707]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Wellington</collectingRegion>
(
<accessionNumber box="[1040,1151,1689,1708]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AWM18344" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectionCode box="[1040,1097,1689,1708]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AWM</collectionCode>
18344
</accessionNumber>
); Waitarere Beach, Levin (
<collectionCode box="[1377,1421,1689,1708]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM2967, 42;
<collectionCode box="[922,986,1713,1732]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M011127, 11); Waikanae Beach, W
<collectingRegion box="[1324,1421,1712,1731]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Wellington</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[800,866,1737,1756]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[875,952,1736,1755]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M01154" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">M01154</accessionNumber>
, 15; M018897, 50; M160084, 100; M303125, 40; M308027, 400;
<collectionCode box="[941,984,1761,1780]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM5852, 2360; RM5845, 300; RM5894, 100); Pukerua Bay, W
<collectingRegion box="[952,1050,1784,1803]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Wellington</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1065,1131,1785,1804]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1139,1216,1784,1803]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M02760" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">M02760</accessionNumber>
, 30); Porirua Harbour mouth (
<collectionCode box="[862,906,1809,1828]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM4041, 1); Titahi Bay, W
<collectingRegion box="[1164,1258,1808,1827]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Wellington</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1272,1336,1809,1828]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1343,1418,1808,1827]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M02759" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">M02759</accessionNumber>
, 20;
<accessionNumber box="[829,904,1832,1851]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M06945" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">M06945</accessionNumber>
, 50); Lyall Bay,
<collectingRegion box="[1057,1152,1832,1851]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Wellington</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1165,1229,1833,1852]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M087154, 7); Ocean Beach, Farewell Spit (
<collectionCode box="[997,1062,1857,1876]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M023154, 9); Carters Beach, Westport (
<collectionCode box="[800,844,1881,1900]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM5318, 20); Mason Bay, Stewart I. (
<collectionCode box="[1170,1227,1881,1900]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AWM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode box="[1234,1297,1881,1900]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M019480, 15; M020278, 3);
<collectingRegion box="[911,1051,1904,1923]" country="New Zealand" name="Chatham Islands" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Chatham Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<accessionNumber box="[1060,1169,1904,1923]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AWM16405" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">
<collectionCode box="[1060,1117,1904,1923]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">AWM</collectionCode>
16405
</accessionNumber>
;
<collectionCode box="[1176,1238,1905,1924]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1242,1316,1904,1923]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M03853" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">M03853</accessionNumber>
, 2;
<accessionNumber box="[1343,1417,1904,1923]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M05090" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">M05090</accessionNumber>
, 3;
<collectionCode box="[814,857,1929,1948]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
Suter colln, S2387, 8); Kaingaroa Beach,
<collectingRegion box="[1207,1347,1928,1947]" country="New Zealand" name="Chatham Islands" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Chatham Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1357,1421,1929,1948]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M110413, 8); Te Whakaru,
<collectingRegion box="[1028,1170,1952,1971]" country="New Zealand" name="Chatham Islands" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Chatham Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1181,1245,1953,1972]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="73" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
M013073, 2); beach NW coast of Mangere I.,
<collectingRegion box="[1011,1153,1976,1995]" country="New Zealand" name="Chatham Islands" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">Chatham Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1165,1209,1977,1996]" pageId="73" pageNumber="192">GNS</collectionCode>
RM6013, 42).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4677087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4677087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4677087/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="193" startId="74.[234,297,1878,1900]" targetBox="[234,1399,144,1866]" targetPageId="74">
<paragraph blockId="74.[233,1399,1878,2032]" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">
Figure 34. Specimens of
<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[468,712,1878,1900]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="74" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[468,621,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
Lamarck
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="d'Orbigny" authorityName="d'Orbigny, GNS RM" authorityYear="1841" box="[755,1056,1878,1900]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="74" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbilicata">
<emphasis box="[755,947,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">Janthina umbilicata</emphasis>
dOrbigny
</taxonomicName>
; SEM.
<emphasis box="[1123,1174,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">(AC</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[1186,1392,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">
EF)
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[1240,1392,1878,1899]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="74" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">Janthina exigua</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 2 specimens, GNS RM5852, Waikanae Beach, west Wellington, New Zealand; A, whole shell; B, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus; C, lateral view of protoconch; E, F, apical views of whole shell and protoconch.
<emphasis box="[1218,1243,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">(D</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[1254,1309,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">GH)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", GNS RM" authorityName="d'Orbigny, GNS RM" authorityYear="1841" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="74" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbilicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="193">Janthina umbilicata</emphasis>
, GNS RM
</taxonomicName>
5312, Piha Beach, west Auckland, New Zealand; D, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus, to same scale as Fig. 34B; GH, lateral views of whole shell and protoconch. Scale bars: A, E, G, 2 mm; B, D, 500 µm; C, H, 200 µm; F, 300 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="194" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="75.[119,750,151,1202]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,260,151,175]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Distribution</emphasis>
. The writer is not aware of fossils of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[201,367,181,205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[201,367,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably the most widely recorded of all living
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[266,362,210,234]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[266,362,210,234]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. However, its distribution provides some surprises. It is the most common
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[655,748,240,264]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[655,748,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in most beach strandings around
<collectingCountry box="[559,703,269,293]" name="New Zealand" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and southern
<collectingCountry box="[220,321,298,322]" name="Australia" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Australia</collectingCountry>
, whereas it is one of the least common species in the North Pacific, although it is among species recorded from
<collectingCountry box="[272,331,357,380]" name="Japan" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Japan</collectingCountry>
(as far north as Boso Peninsula, Honshu;
<bibRefCitation author="Higo, S" box="[119,353,386,410]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" refId="ref107334" refString="Higo, S., P. Callomon, and Y. Goto. 1999. Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-bearing Mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda. Bivalvia. Polyplacophora. Scaphopoda. Osaka: Elle Scientific Publications." type="book" year="1999">
Higo
<emphasis box="[181,229,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">et al</emphasis>
. 1999: 173
</bibRefCitation>
). There seem to be few records from northern
<collectingCountry box="[220,321,416,440]" name="Australia" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Australia</collectingCountry>
, including
<collectingRegion box="[445,574,416,440]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Queensland</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Savilov, A" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="264 - 353" refId="ref119311" refString="Savilov, A. L. 1969. Pleuston of the Pacific Ocean. In The Pacific Ocean. Biology of the Pacific Ocean. Vol. 7, Part 2, ed. L. A. Zenkevich, pp. 264 - 353. Moscow: Nauka (original in Russian; seen as translation no. 487 by M. Slessers, US Naval Oceanographic Office, Washington, DC, 1970; cited page numbers refer to the translation)." type="journal article" year="1969">Savilov (1969: 398403)</bibRefCitation>
described the distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[544,637,445,469]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[544,637,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species at 393 stations where
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[332,425,474,498]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[332,425,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was sampled by RV
<emphasis box="[656,721,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Vityaz</emphasis>
in the Pacific.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[244,339,504,527]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[244,339,504,527]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected at only four of these 393 stations, all near the North Island of
<collectingCountry box="[493,637,533,557]" name="New Zealand" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. However, Savilov also noted that
<bibRefCitation author="Laursen, D" box="[375,540,562,586]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref110630" refString="Laursen, D. 1953. The genus Ianthina: a monograph. Dana Reports 38: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1953">Laursen (1953)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[652,750,563,586]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[652,750,563,586]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from further north in the South Pacific, to
<geoCoordinate box="[573,627,592,616]" degrees="10" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" precision="55555" value="-10.0">10°S</geoCoordinate>
, from
<collectingCountry name="New Caledonia" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
east to Tahiti, in the southern Indian Ocean, and near Hawaii, and that
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, T" box="[364,513,650,674]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="307 - 308" refId="ref104740" refString="Fowler, T. G. W. 1948. Ianthina pallida Thompson. Journal of Conchology 22: 307 - 308." type="journal article" year="1948">Fowler (1948</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, T" box="[525,580,650,674]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="49" refId="ref104763" refString="Fowler, T. G. W. 1949. Ianthina exigua Lamarck in Cornwall. Journal of Conchology 23: 49." type="journal article" year="1949">1949</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, D" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="291 - 305" refId="ref123822" refString="Wilson, D. P., and M. A. Wilson. 1956. A contribution to the biology of Ianthina janthina (L.). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 35: 291 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400010146" type="journal article" year="1956">Wilson &amp; Wilson (1956)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[370,463,680,703]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[370,463,680,703]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the southern coasts of Britain. In contrast to all these observations,
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, W" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="405 - 414" refId="ref98240" refString="Benson, W. H. 1860. Notes on Ianthina, Bolten, and indication of a new species of the allied oceanic genus Recluzia, Petit. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 6: 405 - 414." type="journal article" year="1860">Benson (1860: 406)</bibRefCitation>
noted that “
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[304,398,739,762]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[304,398,739,762]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">I. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the most widely distributed species met with” during a voyage from
<collectingCountry box="[541,630,768,792]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">England</collectingCountry>
to Calcutta in the
<emphasis box="[195,290,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Malcolm</emphasis>
, correctly pointing out that
<taxonomicName authority="Montrouzier" authorityName="Montrouzier" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capreolata">
<emphasis box="[607,748,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">I. capreolata</emphasis>
Montrouzier
</taxonomicName>
is not separable. He first observed specimens two days before reaching Madeira (
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, W" box="[491,693,855,880]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="405 - 414" refId="ref98240" refString="Benson, W. H. 1860. Notes on Ianthina, Bolten, and indication of a new species of the allied oceanic genus Recluzia, Petit. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 6: 405 - 414." type="journal article" year="1860">Benson, 1860: 405</bibRefCitation>
), and then observed specimens almost throughout the voyage. Bensons careful distinctions between subtle forms, his comments on the synonymy of Reeves and other species names, and his references to publications by
<bibRefCitation author="Coates, R" box="[595,746,973,997]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" refId="ref101768" refString="Coates, R. 1825. Remarks on the floating apparatus, and other peculiarities, of the genus Janthina. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4: 356 - 360 [summarized in The Zoological Journal 3: 264 - 265, see below; French translation by Lesson (1826); five other translations and reviews listed by Morch (1860: 262, footnote)]." type="journal volume" year="1825">Coates (1825)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reeve, L" box="[121,265,1002,1026]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref118162" refString="Reeve, L. A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Ianthina. Conchologia Iconica; or, Illustrations of the Shells of Molluscous Animals. Volume 11, plates 1 - 5 + unpaginated captions. London: Reeve [Dec 1858; Petit (2007)]." type="journal article" year="1858">Reeve (1858)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Morch, O" box="[315,463,1002,1026]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref113979" refString="Morch, O. A. L. 1860. Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire de la famille des Janthines. Journal de Conchyliologie 8: 261 - 285." type="journal article" year="1860">Mörch (1860)</bibRefCitation>
show that his observations are very reliable.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[320,497,1032,1056]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[320,497,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs throughout the world tropical and temperate ocean, as far south as Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego (
<typeStatus box="[378,425,1090,1114]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mabille &amp; Rochebrune" authorityYear="1889" box="[557,692,1090,1114]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="courcellei">
<emphasis box="[557,692,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. courcellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Mason Bay, Stewart Island, southern
<collectingCountry box="[529,673,1120,1144]" name="New Zealand" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(listed above), but most reporters have described it as less common than other species in the northern Pacific and Indian Oceans.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[121,396,1218,1242]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="75.[121,396,1218,1242]" box="[121,396,1218,1242]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,253,1218,1242]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Dimensions</emphasis>
. See
<tableCitation box="[311,392,1218,1242]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="75.[121,184,1578,1602]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Table 8. Dimensions of Janthina exigua." pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Table 8</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="194" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="75.[119,749,1258,1547]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,231,1258,1282]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Small, few specimens over
<quantity box="[548,624,1258,1282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
high; spire tallest of all
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[260,353,1288,1312]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[260,353,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but height variable; whorls evenly and strongly convex, suture deeply impressed; sculpture of prominent, thin, closely spaced, commarginal axial ridgelets over entire teleoconch, c.
<quantity box="[560,688,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.20.5 mm</quantity>
apart at periphery of large specimens, angulated in conformity with sinus. Sinus occupying entire height of outer lip, deep, sharply V-shaped, apex in centre of lip. Most specimens deep, intense violet, some paler, very few with pinkish tinge. Lays ovate-triangular egg capsules on underside of float.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="194" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="75.[792,1423,152,1027]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,898,152,176]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Remarks</emphasis>
. The small, deep violet species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[1227,1397,152,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[1227,1397,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most coarsely sculptured of living
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[1199,1292,181,205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1199,1292,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, the only one with obvious, coarse axial ridges up to c.
<quantity box="[1339,1420,210,234]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
apart over the entire exterior of large shells, resembling the axial sculpture of
<taxonomicName box="[982,1071,270,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Epitoniidae" genus="Hartungia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neotaenioglossa" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typica">
<emphasis box="[982,1071,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. typica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ludbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1084,1193,269,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chavani">
<emphasis box="[1084,1193,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. chavani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Beu, 2017" authorityName="Beu" authorityYear="2017" box="[1242,1333,269,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="krejcii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1242,1333,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. krejcii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1340,1422,269,292]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and of a finely sculptured
<taxonomicName box="[1069,1180,299,322]" class="Gastropoda" family="Epitoniidae" genus="Epitonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1069,1180,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Epitonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Measurement of the spacing of the axial ridges on SEM images (
<figureCitation box="[1319,1412,328,352]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="74.[234,297,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[234,1399,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-7@74.[234,1399,144,1866]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 34. Specimens ofJanthina exigua Lamarck andJanthina umbilicata dOrbigny; SEM.(AC, EF) Janthina exigua, 2 specimens, GNS RM5852, Waikanae Beach, west Wellington, New Zealand;A, whole shell; B, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus; C, lateral view of protoconch; E, F, apical views of whole shell and protoconch. (D, GH) Janthina umbilicata, GNS RM5312, Piha Beach, westAuckland, New Zealand; D, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus, to same scale as Fig. 34B; GH, lateral views of whole shell and protoconch. Scale bars: A, E, G, 2 mm; B, D, 500 µm; C, H, 200 µm; F, 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4677087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4677087/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Fig. 34B</figureCitation>
) showed that on this small specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[1213,1309,358,381]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[1213,1309,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the ridges are c.
<quantity box="[863,1001,386,411]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="160.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="120.0">120200 µm</quantity>
apart at the periphery, whereas on the specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="d'Orbigny, GNS RM" authorityYear="1841" box="[926,1064,416,440]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbilicata">
<emphasis box="[926,1064,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. umbilicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by SEM (
<figureCitation box="[1280,1376,416,440]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="74.[234,297,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[234,1399,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-7@74.[234,1399,144,1866]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 34. Specimens ofJanthina exigua Lamarck andJanthina umbilicata dOrbigny; SEM.(AC, EF) Janthina exigua, 2 specimens, GNS RM5852, Waikanae Beach, west Wellington, New Zealand;A, whole shell; B, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus; C, lateral view of protoconch; E, F, apical views of whole shell and protoconch. (D, GH) Janthina umbilicata, GNS RM5312, Piha Beach, westAuckland, New Zealand; D, sculpture on last whorl at apex of outer lip sinus, to same scale as Fig. 34B; GH, lateral views of whole shell and protoconch. Scale bars: A, E, G, 2 mm; B, D, 500 µm; C, H, 200 µm; F, 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4677087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4677087/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
) the ridges are only c.
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apart at the periphery. The axial lamellae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[917,1012,475,498]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[917,1012,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also are considerably higher and more prominent than those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="d'Orbigny, GNS RM" authorityYear="1841" box="[1048,1186,504,528]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbilicata">
<emphasis box="[1048,1186,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. umbilicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The apex of the outer lip sinus is at the periphery, i.e., in the centre of teleoconch whorls, and leaves a clear trace of the sinus apex around the centre of all whorls of tall-spired specimens. The consistently deep coloration is also a species character, the colour varying from deep reddish violet to (much more commonly) deep bluish violet, with a narrow paler zone beneath the suture in a few specimens. The radular teeth (
<bibRefCitation author="Laursen, D" box="[1176,1333,709,733]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref110630" refString="Laursen, D. 1953. The genus Ianthina: a monograph. Dana Reports 38: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1953">Laursen, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 24) are similar to those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="d'Orbigny, GNS RM" authorityYear="1841" box="[1029,1167,738,762]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbilicata">
<emphasis box="[1029,1167,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. umbilicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but have shorter bases, and some are less strongly hooked than those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="d'Orbigny, GNS RM" authorityYear="1841" box="[1279,1413,768,792]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbilicata">
<emphasis box="[1279,1413,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. umbilicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The float (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Laursen, D" box="[960,1117,797,821]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref110630" refString="Laursen, D. 1953. The genus Ianthina: a monograph. Dana Reports 38: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1953">Laursen, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Bennett, I" box="[1200,1354,797,821]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" pagination="40 - 51" refId="ref98207" refString="Bennett, I. 1966. Some pelagic molluscs and associated animals in southeastern Australian waters. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 1 (9): 40 - 51." type="journal article" year="1966">Bennett, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, fig. 2) is proportionally the longest and narrowest of all
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[794,886,856,880]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[794,886,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Janthina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, although a specimen photographed alive in northern
<collectingRegion box="[885,1067,885,909]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
by Denis Riek (Brunswick Heads, NSW;
<figureCitation box="[862,941,914,938]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[562,625,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[121,1421,179,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-9@11.[121,1421,151,1962]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. (See facing page 131 for caption)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4677022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4677022/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) demonstrates that the float of
<taxonomicName authorityName="d'Orbigny, GNS RM" authorityYear="1841" box="[1262,1399,914,938]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbilicata">
<emphasis box="[1262,1399,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. umbilicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indistinguishable from that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[1110,1204,944,967]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[1110,1204,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The distinctiveness of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck, GNS RM" authorityYear="1816" box="[823,920,974,997]" class="Gastropoda" family="Janthinidae" genus="Janthina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis box="[823,920,974,997]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">J. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is attested by the remarkably few synonyms it has received in this vastly over-named genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[794,1246,1047,1072]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="75.[794,1246,1047,1072]" box="[794,1246,1047,1072]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,924,1047,1072]" pageId="75" pageNumber="194">Time range</emphasis>
. No fossil record; living only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>