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<document id="0FDE2898281B9CA89A901C6D940C4751" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199582" ID-GBIF-Dataset="262a4e35-e52e-4bdf-a211-e4d4dcc076b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199582" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460340816594" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jepson, James E., Penney, David &amp; Green, David I." docDate="2010" docId="03EF879D9034E702FF15F9F6FD3A176E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02692p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2692" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sympherobius siriae Jepson, Penney &amp; Green, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFD6FFE59035E701FF82FFDBFFCF1549" masterDocTitle="A new species of brown lacewing (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from Eocene Baltic amber" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698260964496" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="242C796E86AA501F27D5A51B9AEF1DA5">A new species of brown lacewing (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from Eocene Baltic amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6243F11C0363DA5F99D8F8C4B29CE2CD">Jepson, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70EBB937B91EEFF8E101B97128BEEB86">Penney, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC0ABE604CD440BED842EC488658C087">Green, David I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F0BE2D3EE06904B2A3812518075817C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="50D231A62124A4AD44092140AA5AED2E">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EF879D9034E702FF15F9F6FD3A176E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691785" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119406434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF879D9034E702FF15F9F6FD3A176E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF879D9034E702FF15F9F6FD3A176E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="C35C65009034E700FF15F9F6FF321323" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9034E700FF15F9F6FCFA130E" blockId="1.[151,821,1581,1642]" box="[151,821,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0B181E79034E700FF15F9F6FCFA130E" bold="true" box="[151,821,1581,1607]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B932EA999034E700FF15F9F6FCFA130E" bold="true" box="[151,821,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089034E700FF15F9F6FD04130E" ID-CoL="7B6V3" authority="Jepson, Penney &amp; Green" authorityName="Jepson, Penney &amp; Green" box="[151,715,1581,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EA999034E700FF15F9F6FE41130E" bold="true" box="[151,398,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Sympherobius siriae</emphasis>
Jepson, Penney &amp; Green
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157E29034E700FD5AF9F6FCFA130E" box="[728,821,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9034E700FF15F98BFF321323" blockId="1.[151,821,1581,1642]" box="[151,253,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<figureCitation id="137D2A0E9034E700FF15F98BFF321323" box="[151,253,1616,1642]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1. A" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1409,1433]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1124,1148]" captionTargetBox-0="[412,1174,194,1387]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1309,611,1098]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[412,1174,194,1388]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[262,1324,605,1103]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Photograph of Sympherobius siriae sp. nov. Scale bar represents 1 mm, B. close-up view of S. siriae sp. nov. head. Scale bar represents 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Forewing venation drawing of Sympherobius siriae sp. nov. Scale bar represents 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/199583/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/199584/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Figs 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C65009034E700FF15F941FC2613FD" box="[151,1001,1690,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9034E700FF15F941FC2613FD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1690,2015]" box="[151,1001,1690,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B932EA999034E700FF15F941FEEB13FD" bold="true" box="[151,292,1690,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after
<collectingCountry id="F351761B9034E700FE46F941FE2113FD" box="[452,494,1690,1716]" name="Syria" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Siri</collectingCountry>
Penney; the daughter of the second author.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C65009034E700FF47F964FC871393" box="[197,840,1727,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9034E700FF47F964FC871393" blockId="1.[151,1436,1690,2015]" box="[197,840,1727,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B932EA999034E700FF47F964FEF61390" bold="true" box="[197,313,1727,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED57AE4E9034E700FEC2F91BFE4B1393" box="[320,388,1728,1754]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8qxf-pkip" name="Geologisch-Palaeontologiches Institut der Universitt Haemburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">GPIH</collectionCode>
4665. Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54FD88299034E700FD58F91BFC8B1393" box="[730,836,1728,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C65009034E700FF47F93EFB90126D" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9034E700FF47F93EFB90126D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1690,2015]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B932EA999034E700FF47F93EFE8413B6" bold="true" box="[197,331,1765,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
4rs2-rs1 crossvein absent; more proximal position of 1m-cu crossvein; long and slender pronotum; crossveins of third and fourth gradate series margined with dark brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C65009034E702FF47F8F4FD9F15B5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9034E700FF47F8F4FF2A1296" blockId="1.[151,1436,1690,2015]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B932EA999034E700FF47F8F4FEAF1200" bold="true" box="[197,352,1839,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Description.</emphasis>
Head in lateral view;
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9034E700FDECF8EBFD7C1203" box="[622,691,1840,1866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9034E700FC83F8EBFC921203" box="[769,861,1840,1866]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide. Eyes large:
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9034E700FBBCF8EBFB551203" box="[1086,1178,1840,1866]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9034E700FB65F8EBFA9D1203" box="[1255,1362,1840,1866]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
wide. Antennae: scape larger than pedicle, but pedicle larger than first flagellar segments; left and right flagella both 44-segmented. Mouthparts slightly obscured by fracture in amber. Maxillary palpi 5-segmented, labial palpi obscured. Pronotum
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9034E700FE14F87BFE3B12F3" box="[406,500,1952,1978]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9034E700FDC0F87BFD5012F3" box="[578,671,1952,1978]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
wide. Femur, tibia, tarsus. Abdominal terminalia obscured by wings.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3966039037E703FF15FA5AFD8F10F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199583/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[412,1174,194,1387]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9037E703FF15FA5AFD8F10F1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1409,1465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B932EA999037E703FF15FA5AFED610D0" bold="true" box="[151,281,1409,1433]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A. Photograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089037E703FE62FA59FD7510D0" box="[480,698,1410,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EA999037E703FE62FA59FD7510D0" box="[480,698,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Sympherobius siriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157E29037E703FD43FA5AFCD810D0" box="[705,791,1409,1433]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EA999037E703FD43FA5AFCD810D0" bold="true" box="[705,791,1409,1433]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale bar represents 1 mm, B. close-up view of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089037E703FA9FFA59FABA10D0" box="[1309,1397,1410,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EA999037E703FA9FFA59FABA10D0" box="[1309,1397,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">S. siriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157E29037E703FAFEFA5AFF0910F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EA999037E703FAFEFA5AFF0910F0" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
head. Scale bar represents 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9037E702FF47FA3CFD9F15B5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1511,2022]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,551]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
Forewing oval with rounded apex,
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9037E703FDF7FA3CFD1C1348" box="[629,723,1511,1537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9037E703FCA0FA3CFC4F1348" box="[802,896,1511,1537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
wide. Trichosors along entire wing margin. Costal space broader basally. Majority of prestigmal subcostal veinlets branched basally becoming simple distally; stigmal subcostal veinlets mainly simple, some forked. Recurrent humeral vein, pectinately branched, with four branches. Subcostal space moderately wide for length, with 2 crossveins. R1 forked apically. Three separate branches originating from R [ORBs]. ORB 1 [Rs1], ORB 2 [Rs2] both simple most of length, forking well past mid-point of vein. ORB 1 dichotomously forked to 7 veins terminating at posterior wing margin, ORB 2 dichotomously forked to 4 veins terminating at posterior wing margin. ORB 3 possesses 2 branches [Rs 3 and 4] originating proximal to third [Rs3] and fourth [Rs4] gradate series. M appears fused basally with R for short distance. M forks proximally to second gradate series; MA, MP parallel for most of distance before forking
<quantity id="4CBE9B6E9037E703FEC9F8ECFE681218" box="[331,423,1847,1873]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
from wing margin. MP more forked than MA. CuA pectinately branched with three branches all with marginal forking. CuP with one marginal fork. 1A with five pectinate branches, 2A with 2 pectinate branches. 3A with 2 branches. Four gradate series of crossveins (series 14 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B7A9037E703FB6CF85AFA5C12D2" author="Oswald" box="[1262,1427,1921,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" refString="Oswald, J. D. (1993) Revision and cladistic analysis of the world genera of the family Hemerobiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101, 143 - 299." type="journal article" year="1993">Oswald 1993</bibRefCitation>
) posterior to R1. First series crossveins: 1m-cu, 1cu-a1, 1a1-a2. 1a2-a3 not observed. Second series crossveins: 2r-m, 2m-cu, 2icu. Third (inner) series crossveins: from 3r1-rs3m-cu. Fourth (outer) series crossveins: from 4r1-rs4rs3-rs2; 4rs2-rs1 absent. Crossveins absent between branches of CuA. Wing without markings, slightly fuscous; crossveins in third and fourth gradate series appear margined with dark brown.
<collectingCountry id="F351761B9036E702FF47FF39FECF15B5" box="[197,256,226,252]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing obscured by forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C65009036E702FF47FEDCFD3A176E" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF9368B9036E702FF47FEDCFD3A176E" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FF47FEDCFE971468" bold="true" box="[197,344,263,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Comments.</emphasis>
The specimen has been placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089036E702FC02FED3FBE31468" box="[896,1068,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FC02FED3FBE31468" box="[896,1068,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Sympherobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of size and wing venation. Unfortunately the terminalia is obscured by the wings. It is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089036E702FBFBFEF6FE3D1425" authority="Makarkin et Wedmann, 2009" authorityName="Makarkin et Wedmann" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completus">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FBFBFEF6FA53140F" box="[1145,1436,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Sympherobius completus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B7A9036E702FF15FE89FE3D1425" author="Makarkin" box="[151,498,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Makarkin, V. N. &amp; Wedmann, S. (2009) First record of the genus Sympherobius (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from Baltic amber. Zootaxa, 2078, 55 - 62." type="journal article" year="2009">Makarkin et Wedmann, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from it by the absence of crossvein 4rs2-rs1 and position of 1m-cu crossvein more proximal. Also, the crossveins of the gradate series of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089036E702FC59FEA3FBBF14D8" box="[987,1136,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completus">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FC59FEA3FBBF14D8" box="[987,1136,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">S. completus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54FD88299036E702FB03FEA3FB2314DB" box="[1153,1260,376,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) do not have a dark brown margin. After examining numerous extant specimens from three species (
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089036E702FB12FE46FF2E1495" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FB12FE46FAEB14FF" box="[1168,1316,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">S. pygmaeus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B7A9036E702FAB7FE46FF161495" author="Rambur" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Rambur, J. P. 1842. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Nevropteres. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp." type="book" year="1842">Rambur, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089036E702FF71FE19FD931495" authority="Stephens, 1836" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[243,604,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FF71FE19FEB81492" box="[243,375,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">S. elegans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B7A9036E702FE08FE19FD9C1495" author="Stephens" box="[394,595,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Stephens, J. F. 1836. Illustrations of British Entomology. Volume 6, Mandibulata. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp." type="book" year="1836">Stephens, 1836</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089036E702FD1EFE19FB9A1495" authority="Wallengren, 1863" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[668,1109,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscescens">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FD1EFE19FC891492" box="[668,838,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">S. fuscescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B7A9036E702FCCDFE19FB9A1495" author="Wallengren" box="[847,1109,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1863) Bidrag till kannedomen af Sveriges Neuroptera. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 20, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="1863">(Wallengren, 1863))</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the collections of The Manchester Museum, it appears that the variables used to identify
<taxonomicName id="4C464D089036E702FC4AFE33FBE21748" box="[968,1069,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FC4AFE33FBE21748" box="[968,1069,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">S. siriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157E29036E702FBB4FE3CFB581748" box="[1078,1175,487,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EA999036E702FBB4FE3CFB581748" bold="true" box="[1078,1175,487,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are not intraspecific. Therefore, the erection of a new species is justified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>