241 lines
34 KiB
XML
241 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="B2709783FE8866EBE5A7223A9263C619" ID-CLB-Dataset="22563" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4537.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="897dc544-e3e9-46db-b36e-4aa995caabc4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3771214" ID-ZooBank="169CBE5C-3A6E-438B-8A81-0491CBFBAC85" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588019833456" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Blake, James A." docDate="2018" docId="03A2CB16FFF3A24DFF36FB49FE7DF8C1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4537.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4537 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cirratulidae Ryckholt 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF9BB36EFFF5A24AFFA1FFBEFF85FFC4" masterDocTitle="Bitentaculate Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) collected chiefly during cruises of the R / V Anton Bruun, USNS Eltanin, USCG Glacier, R / V Hero, RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, and R / V Polarstern from the Southern Ocean, Antarctica, and off Western South America" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698837503771" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0CC348673FC27E1DA053618B1FC256B2">Bitentaculate Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) collected chiefly during cruises of the R / V Anton Bruun, USNS Eltanin, USCG Glacier, R / V Hero, RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, and R / V Polarstern from the Southern Ocean, Antarctica, and off Western South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2098AA70D278947A45FA908B47EAC99E">Blake, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F36C10D56F0E7C4FEB681704639F4067">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="71D97DA6F9128D89668FF69775AB5C46">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="79C700DBBF816AC9A945C7C0AE8A9433">2018-12-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E5044A0B1EEBD36F1BA64628DDCB5E2F">4537</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A2CB16FFF3A24DFF36FB49FE7DF8C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3798626" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163813254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3798626" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2CB16FFF3A24DFF36FB49FE7DF8C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2CB16FFF3A24DFF36FB49FE7DF8C1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C311298BFFF3A24CFF36FB49FDD1FAD5" box="[151,596,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF3A24CFF36FB49FDD1FAD5" blockId="6.[151,596,1271,1297]" box="[151,596,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0FCCD6CFFF3A24CFF36FB49FDD1FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,596,1271,1297]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF3A24CFF36FB49FDD1FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,596,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF3A24CFF57FB49FDD1FAD5" ID-CoL="84K2S" authority="Ryckholt, 1851" authorityName="Ryckholt" authorityYear="1851" box="[246,596,1271,1297]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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Cirratulidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF3A24CFE3BFB49FDD1FAD5" author="Ryckholt" box="[410,596,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref87423" refString="Ryckholt, Philippe de (Baron) (1851) Melanges paleontologiques. Part 1. Memoires Couronnes et Memoires des Savants Etrangers de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 24, 1 - 176, pls. 1 - 10. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2718124]" type="journal article" year="1851">Ryckholt, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C311298BFFF3A24CFF36FA83FE2DF9B1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF3A24CFF36FA83FE2DF9B1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1341,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF3A24CFF36FA83FE94FA92" bold="true" box="[151,273,1341,1366]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body elongate with numerous short segments; not divided into distinct regions, but anterior and/or posterior segments sometimes expanded with crowded segments. Prostomium narrow and conical or broad and wedge-shaped, without appendages; eyespots present or absent; paired dorsolateral nuchal organs present. Peristomium achaetous, smooth or with two or more distinct annuli. Grooved dorsal tentacles arise as single pair or as multiple groups of filaments on posterior margin of peristomium or on one or more anterior chaetigerous segments. Branchiae long, filamentous, usually occurring over numerous segments. Parapodia biramous with rudimentary podial lobes. Chaetae simple, including capillaries, acicular spines, or bidentate hooks. Pygidium a simple lobe sometimes with sub-anal disk, or terminal cirrus. Pharynx ventral, unarmed. Sexual and asexual reproduction may occur.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C311298BFFF3A24DFF66F93FFE7DF8C1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF3A24DFF66F93FFD1DFED8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1341,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF3A24CFF66F93FFEBEF95E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1665,1690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
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During preparation of the 1996 publication on cirratulid polychaetes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF3A24CFB04F93FFAB4F95E" author="Blake, J. A." box="[1189,1329,1665,1690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="263 - 384" refId="ref82272" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Chapter 8. Family Cirratulidae. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 6. Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp. 263 - 384." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake 1996</bibRefCitation>
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) for the “Taxonomic Atlas of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel,” the late Dr. Mary E. Petersen informed me that the authorship for the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF3A24CFDF3F977FD5DF926" authorityName="Ryckholt" authorityYear="1851" box="[594,728,1737,1762]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cirratulidae</taxonomicName>
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should be
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF3A24CFCF0F977FC7BF926" author="Ryckholt" box="[849,1022,1737,1762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref87423" refString="Ryckholt, Philippe de (Baron) (1851) Melanges paleontologiques. Part 1. Memoires Couronnes et Memoires des Savants Etrangers de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 24, 1 - 176, pls. 1 - 10. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2718124]" type="journal article" year="1851">Ryckholt, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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, rather than
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF3A24CFB29F974FA97F926" author="Carus, J. V." box="[1160,1298,1737,1762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="422 - 484" refId="ref83132" refString="Carus, J. V. (1863) Vermes. In: Peters, W. C. H., Carus, J. V. & Gerstacker, C. E. A. (Eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 422 - 484. Available from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1092677 (Accessed 20 Dec. 2018)" type="book chapter" year="1863">Carus, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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, as was then in usage. Her position was based on a publication by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF3A24CFD4FF953FB8AF8C2" author="Rosenberg, G. & Petit, R. E." box="[750,1039,1773,1798]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref87330" refString="Rosenberg, G. & Petit, R. E. (1987) Ryckholt's Melanges Paleontologiques, 1851 - 1862, with a new name for Tudicula H. & A. Adams, Non Ryckholt. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 139 (1), 53 - 64. [http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4064894]" type="journal article" year="1987">Rosenberg & Petit (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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who reviewed the little known and seldom cited monographs on fossil invertebrates by Baron Philippe de Ryckholt entitled “Mélanges Paléontologiques,” published in three volumes between
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<date id="FFB55CC0FFF3A24CFCB1F88BFC39F88A" box="[784,956,1845,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1851" valueMax="1862">1851 and 1862</date>
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. These authors noted that Ryckholt’s work had been largely unavailable because only six copies were known to exist; they listed the locations of these copies. They also noted that Ryckholt’s monographs contained numerous new taxa, mostly Mollusca, at the genus level, which they demonstrated were well described and available according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). These authors also attributed several non-molluscan taxa including the family-level polychaete name
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFEC8FF29FE6AFF74" authorityName="Ryckholt" authorityYear="1851" box="[361,495,151,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cirratulidae</taxonomicName>
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to Ryckholt with a publication date of 1851. This predated the better-known reference by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFE8FFF02FE4DFF11" author="Carus, J. V." box="[302,456,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="422 - 484" refId="ref83132" refString="Carus, J. V. (1863) Vermes. In: Peters, W. C. H., Carus, J. V. & Gerstacker, C. E. A. (Eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 422 - 484. Available from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1092677 (Accessed 20 Dec. 2018)" type="book chapter" year="1863">Carus (1863)</bibRefCitation>
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. Following the initial usage of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFC95FF02FC67FF11" author="Ryckholt" box="[820,994,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref87423" refString="Ryckholt, Philippe de (Baron) (1851) Melanges paleontologiques. Part 1. Memoires Couronnes et Memoires des Savants Etrangers de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 24, 1 - 176, pls. 1 - 10. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2718124]" type="journal article" year="1851">Ryckholt, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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as the author of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFB0DFF02FF66FF3C" authority="in Blake (1996)" authorityName="in Blake" authorityYear="1996" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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Cirratulidae in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFAFAFF02FF66FF3C" author="Blake, J. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="263 - 384" refId="ref82272" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Chapter 8. Family Cirratulidae. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 6. Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp. 263 - 384." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the change has been widely used and was recently reviewed and accepted by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFED7FEBAFD09FED8" author="Read, G. & Fauchald, K." box="[374,652,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref87117" refString="Read, G. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.) (2018 a) World Polychaeta database. Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 919 (accessed 23 April 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Read & Fauchald 2018a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FE99FB26FEA1" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The diagnosis of the Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFDAFFE99FD11FE84" authorityName="in Blake" authorityYear="1996" box="[526,660,295,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cirratulidae</taxonomicName>
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presented here, encompasses characters as understood
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFAA6FE97FA10FE84" box="[1287,1429,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu stricto</emphasis>
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. At present, there are three major groups of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFDDBFEF2FC85FEA1" authorityName="in Blake" authorityYear="1996" box="[634,768,332,357]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cirratulidae</taxonomicName>
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with 12 genera currently recognized:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FED1FBBEFDD3" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The multitentaculate species are those cirratulids with a wedge-shaped prostomium and numerous dorsal tentacles that occur in two groups on the anterior part of the body; setae include capillaries and spines, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFF36FE07FEC5FE14" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,320,441,464]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Protocirrineris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFF36FE07FEC5FE14" box="[151,320,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Protocirrineris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species having only capillaries. The multitentaculate species are more common in intertidal and nearshore habitats and are rarely encountered in deep water. There are five genera currently assigned to this category:
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFEA7FE41FC11FDDC" box="[262,916,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFEA7FE41FEF8FDDC" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" box="[262,381,511,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirratulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Cirratulus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFE29FDBEFD88FDDC" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" box="[392,525,512,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirriformia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Cirriformia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFDB8FE41FD65FDDC" authorityName="Cinar & Petersen" authorityYear="2011" box="[537,736,511,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Fauvelicirratulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Fauvelicirratulus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFD4AFDBFFC11FDDC" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" box="[747,916,513,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Protocirrineris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Protocirrineris</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFC70FDBFFBB7FDDC" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1866" box="[977,1074,513,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFC70FDBFFBB7FDDC" box="[977,1074,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Timarete</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FD9AFA17FD09" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The bitentaculate sediment-dwelling species are those cirratulids with a pre-setigerous region consisting of a distinct prostomium and peristomium; a single pair of long dorsal tentacles usually arises from the posterior margin of the peristomium; branchiae are present along most of the body. The bitentaculate species occur from the intertidal to abyssal depths. There are five genera currently assigned to this category:
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<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFBC5FD31FE3AFD09" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFBC5FD31FA84FD6C" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1991" box="[1124,1281,655,680]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Aphelochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Aphelochaeta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFAACFD31FA12FD6C" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[1293,1431,655,680]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Caulleriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Caulleriella</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFF36FD0AFE9BFD09" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,286,692,717]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Chaetozone</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFE88FD0AFE3AFD09" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="2016" box="[297,447,692,717]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Kirkegaardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Kirkegaardia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFE5DFD0AFDCEFD09" authorityName="Webster & Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[508,587,692,717]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Tharyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFE5DFD0AFDCEFD09" box="[508,587,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tharyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A sixth genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFCA3FD0AFC47FD09" authority="Blake, 2018" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="2018" box="[770,962,692,717]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetocirratulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFCA3FD0AFC47FD09" box="[770,962,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chaetocirratulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFC69FD0AFB98FD09" bold="true" box="[968,1053,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C1B69FFF2A24DFC69FD0AFB92FD09" box="[968,1047,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is described as part of this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FD69FAF8FCFC" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The bitentaculate shell- or rock-boring species belong to a single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFBA5FD69FB10FD34" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1843" box="[1028,1173,727,752]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Dodecaceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFBA5FD69FB10FD34" box="[1028,1173,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dodecaceria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These cirratulids bore into or otherwise inhabit burrows in calcareous substrates; the paired tentacles are lateral rather than dorsal and branchiae are limited to a few anterior segments. Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFCD7FCA1FB82FCFC" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1843" box="[886,1031,799,824]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Dodecaceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFCD7FCA1FB82FCFC" box="[886,1031,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dodecaceria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are limited to nearshore habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FCFAFCDAFC60" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
This diagnosis excludes several closely related taxa currently included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFB91FCFAFB45FC99" authorityName="Banse" authorityYear="1969" box="[1072,1216,836,861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Acrocirridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Acrocirridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFB6DFCFAFAEDFC99" authorityName="Kennel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1228,1384,836,861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Ctenodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFF36FCD9FE92FC44" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,279,871,896]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cossuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cossuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, recent phylogenetic studies strongly suggest that the ctenodrilids are closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFF36FC32FEADFC61" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,296,908,933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Dodecaceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFF36FC32FEADFC61" box="[151,296,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dodecaceria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFE97FC32FDA0FC61" author="Weidhase, M. & Bleidorn, C. & Simon, C. A." box="[310,549,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="243 - 252" refId="ref88022" refString="Weidhase, M., Bleidorn, C. & Simon, C. A. (2016) On the taxonomy and phylogeny of Ctenodrilus (Annelida: Cirratulidae) with a first report from South Africa. Marine Biodiversity, 46 (1), 243 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0355 - 3" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Weidhase
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFE0AFC33FE59FC61" box="[427,476,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFD90FC32FCD6FC60" author="Blake, J. A. & Magalhaes, W. F." box="[561,851,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref82615" refString="Blake, J. A. & Magalhaes, W. F. (2017) Family Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851. In: Westheide, W. & Purschke, G. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology, a Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. 56 pp. Available from: https: // www. degruyter. com / view / Zoology / bp _ 029147 - 6 _ 57 (Accesed 20 Dec. 2018)" type="book" year="2017">Blake & Magalhães 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FC11FD33FBD4" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bitentaculate cirratulids in general do not have distinct body regions. However, the pre-setiger area, anterior or thoracic segments, middle or abdominal segments, and the posterior segments differ in appearance from one another and are usually characterized separately.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FBA2FCA4FB64" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The pre-setiger area includes the prostomium, peristomium, and usually the dorsal tentacles. The peristomium may be divided into annular rings and may be surmounted by a dorsal crest. The last peristomial ring may sometimes be interpreted as separate achaetous segment. The first pair of branchiae often occurs in close proximity to the dorsal tentacles on the peristomium, or on setiger 1.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FB12FCF3FA04" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
An expanded anterior segmental region often called the thorax is best developed in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFAA3FB12FA19FB01" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1991" box="[1282,1436,1196,1221]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Aphelochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFAA3FB12FA19FB01" box="[1282,1436,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphelochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFF6BFB71FEE2FB2C" box="[202,359,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFF6BFB71FEE1FB2C" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="2016" box="[202,356,1231,1256]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Kirkegaardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Kirkegaardia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In species of those genera, the anterior segments are often expanded, individually crowded, narrow, and bear expanded parapodia that are variously developed into prominent shoulders that in some cases, are elevated over the dorsum producing a mid-dorsal channel or groove. Ventrally, conspicuous yellow glands often occur across individual anterior segments; these may stain intensely with Methyl Green. In other genera, however, the anterior segments are not overly expanded and are not readily differentiated from middle body segments. In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFEB4FA3AFE2AFA59" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1991" box="[277,431,1412,1437]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Aphelochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFEB4FA3AFE2AFA59" box="[277,431,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphelochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFE46FA3AFDF8FA59" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="2016" box="[487,637,1412,1437]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Kirkegaardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFE46FA3AFDF8FA59" box="[487,637,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kirkegaardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFCA5FA3AFC0EFA59" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[772,907,1412,1437]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Caulleriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFCA5FA3AFC0EFA59" box="[772,907,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Caulleriella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFC62FA3AFB07FA59" authority="Blake, 2018" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="2018" box="[963,1154,1412,1437]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetocirratulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFC62FA3AFB07FA59" box="[963,1154,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chaetocirratulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C1B69FFF2A24DFB2BFA3AFB5CFA58" box="[1162,1241,1412,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFB2BFA3AFB56FA59" bold="true" box="[1162,1235,1412,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n. gen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, have little or no difference in the appearance of anterior and middle body setigers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66FA72FD6DF994" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Middle body or abdominal segments are typically longer and sometimes moniliform in shape. In a few species, the middle body segments are expanded, usually due to the presence of gametes or to an enlarged stomach between the esophagus and intestine. Far posterior segments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFCA7F9AAFC25F9E9" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1991" box="[774,928,1556,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Aphelochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFCA7F9AAFC25F9E9" box="[774,928,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphelochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are sometimes expanded or inflated; other species have narrow or tapering posterior ends.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB47A00FFF2A24DFF66F9E2FE7DF8C1" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The present study is limited to five of the six sediment-dwelling bitentaculate genera; the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFAA7F9E2FA19F9B1" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="2016" box="[1286,1436,1628,1653]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Kirkegaardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFAA7F9E2FA19F9B1" box="[1286,1436,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kirkegaardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated earlier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFE25F9C1FD94F95C" author="Blake, J. A." box="[388,529,1663,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref82476" refString="Blake, J. A. (2016) Kirkegaardia (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae), new name for Monticellina Laubier, preoccupied in the Rhabdocoela, together with new records and descriptions of eight previously known and sixteen new species from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Zootaxa, 4166 (1), 1 - 93. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4166.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Blake 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The multitentaculate genera and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFC0EF9C1FBC5F95C" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1843" box="[943,1088,1663,1688]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Dodecaceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FA612FFF2A24DFC0EF9C1FBC5F95C" box="[943,1088,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dodecaceria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be treated in a separate contribution. A recent review of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFD91F91AFD33F979" authorityName="in Blake" authorityYear="1996" box="[560,694,1700,1725]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cirratulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
including diagnoses of the genera is found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A07F1FFF2A24DFB1CF91AFF60F924" author="Blake, J. A. & Magalhaes, W. F." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref82615" refString="Blake, J. A. & Magalhaes, W. F. (2017) Family Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851. In: Westheide, W. & Purschke, G. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology, a Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. 56 pp. Available from: https: // www. degruyter. com / view / Zoology / bp _ 029147 - 6 _ 57 (Accesed 20 Dec. 2018)" type="book" year="2017">Blake & Magalhães (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The following key to all genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B0183FFF2A24DFD27F979FC89F924" authorityName="in Blake" authorityYear="1996" box="[646,780,1735,1760]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cirratulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provided to help readers and users of this study better orient themselves in the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |