201 lines
17 KiB
XML
201 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="284e15e6-931f-4863-b037-68a83c8b53a8" ID-PMC="PMC4857038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-585-51" ID-PubMed="27199604" ID-ZBK="B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-585-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 585" ModsDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" checkinTime="1461901611862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Roques, Alain, Copeland, Robert S., Soldati, Laurent, Denux, Olivier & Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne" docDate="2016" docId="7AA8E5B81F74F5F7FDEDD841A12288C1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 585: 51-124" docOrigin="ZooKeys 585" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" docTitle="Megastigmus icipeensis Roques & Copeland, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4EE8D716-63AB-48F4-8B9E-E6277136C6D8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FF812555FFDD75799D3DFF99922B9D29" masterDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668163066542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Roques, Alain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soldati, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Denux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>585</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>124</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-585-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898984" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4EE8D716-63AB-48F4-8B9E-E6277136C6D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AA8E5B81F74F5F7FDEDD841A12288C1" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="30" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="81" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Torymidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4EE8D716-63AB-48F4-8B9E-E6277136C6D8" authority="Roques & Copeland" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus icipeensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipeensis">Megastigmus icipeensis Roques & Copeland</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="30" pageNumber="81">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="81" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">
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Holotype ♀, Kenya, Nairobi Province, ICIPE Campus, Kasarani,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.2232">1.2232°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.8965">36.8965°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1600m elevation, Malaise trap, meadow in degraded shrub-/grassland, 24 Feb to 3 Mar 2014, R. Copeland leg. (NMKE)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">Paratypes 4♀♀, the same as holotype (1♀ NMKE; 1♀ RSC; 1♀ ARC; 1♀ ICIPE).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">3♂♂, collected together with the four females (2♂♂ RSC; 1♂ ARC).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="30" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="30" pageNumber="81">
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Holotype ♀. Very small species with body length (without ovipositor) 1.2 mm; length of ovipositor sheaths 0.9mm. Body colour nearly entirely orange-
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="82" start="start">yellow</pageBreakToken>
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(Figures 62-64). Head colour orange, except mouthparts brown (Figure 65). Pilosity on lower face pale; dorsum of head with conspicuous black hairs: a row along the internal side of each eye from parascrobal area to temple, a row along the occiput, and three isolated hairs around each of the lateral ocelli; two interocellar bristles. Antenna dark- brown except scape and pedicel yellow underneath (Figure 66). Thorax entirely orange except a small black spot on axilla at wing insertions and on lateral panel of metanotum (Figure 64). Pilosity on thorax mostly pale; sparse long hairs on pronotum, especially along the suture with mid-lobe of mesoscutum; 3 pairs of pale hairs on the lateral side of mid-lobe of mesoscutum, very close to suture with the lateral lobe; 2 pairs of pale hairs on scutellum. Legs entirely pale yellow except claws brown; Forewing stigma brown without infuscation; basal cell without setae, closed by a basal setal line with 5 setae and a costal setal line with 3 setae (Figure 67). Propodeum orange with a transverse black stripe along the suture with metanotum (Figure 64). Propodeum hairs pale; Gaster orange, with four large transverse orange-brown bands along the anterior sutures of the tergites 4-8; pilosity on gaster black. Ovipositor sheaths black, 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than gaster, 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as body (Figure 63).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="82">
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Head about 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as long in front view (Figure 65). POL large, POL: OOL: 2.7. Scape 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, and F1 (Figure 66); scape 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; pedicel elongate, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than F1; F2 subquadrate, small, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as F1; following funicular segments subquadrate from F2. Pronotum, mid-lobe of mesoscutum, axilla and scutellum with fine transverse striae. Mid-lobe of mesoscutum conspicuously short, only 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length; scutellum 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; frenum roughly 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length, with the same sculpture as the remainder of scutellum. Propodeum with a zig-zag median carina. Forewing stigma oval, without infuscation, about 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Figure 67); upper part of stigmal vein short, 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; uncus as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as postmarginal vein.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="82">
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Variation. Body ranges 1.2-1.3 mm with ovipositor up to 1.2 mm. Ovipositor length varies from 0.7 to 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the body length, and from 1.6 to 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the gaster length. No variation in colour and pilosity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="82">
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Male. In the absence of molecular analyses, the males caught in Malaise traps along with the four female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus icipeensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipeensis">Megastigmus icipeensis</taxonomicName>
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could not be attributed with certainty to this species but noticeable convergences in morphology make it probable. Body length 1mm. Same body colour as in female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus icipeensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipeensis">Megastigmus icipeensis</taxonomicName>
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(Figures 68-70) except a paler yellow pronotum and some additional black patterns on head and thorax: an irregular spot surrounding the three ocelli, an annelation at insertion of pronotum, a darkening of the lateral sutures of mid-lobe of mesoscutum, a narrow transverse band on lateral panel of metanotum, and a transverse band covering the base of propodeum and extending in its middle into a large longitudinal spot in shape of inverted Y (Figures 62, 64). Gaster petiolate, mostly brown- black on dorsum: T3 black, T4 brown black with a large transverse yellow band distally, T5 similar but the yellow band narrower, T6 brown-black, T7 yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="32" pageNumber="83">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="83" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
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yellow with the two last tarsal segments and claws black. Pilosity pale on head and thorax, showing the same setal pattern as in female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus icipeensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipeensis">Megastigmus icipeensis</taxonomicName>
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, including the interocellar brisles and 2 pairs of pale hairs on scutellum (Figure 70). Forewing stigma
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<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="84" start="start">without</pageBreakToken>
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infuscation (Figure 73); basal cell closed, but without setae on disc; basal setal line with 6 setae, costal setal line with 3 long setae; costal cell with only 3 small setae in the apical 1/2 to 2/3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
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Head transverse, about 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as long in front view (Figure 71). OOL short, POL: OOL: 2.8. Scape 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, and F1 (Figure 72); scape as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; pedicel elongate, 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than F1; F2 subquadrate, small, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as F1; following funicular segments also subquadrate. Pronotum, mid-lobe of mesoscutum, axilla and scutellum finely transversely striated. Mid-lobe of mesoscutum conspicuously short, only as long as scutellum length; scutellum 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; frenum roughly 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length, with the same sculpture as the rest of scutellum. Propodeum with an irregular median carina. Forewing stigma nearly rounded, only 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Figure 74); upper part of stigmal vein very short, only 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; uncus 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than postmarginal vein. Genital digitus with only 2 teeth (Figure 73).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="84" type="host plants">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
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Unknown. In the molecular study,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus icipeensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipeensis">Megastigmus icipeensis</taxonomicName>
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did not group with other taxa, but the phylogenetic position (Figure 14) and the genetic distances between this species and the other groups led to suggest that it could be a seed-feeder associated with another plant family than those identified in this paper.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Only known from the collection site in a degraded meadow near a small stream.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Named after the institution on whose grounds the species was collected, the campus of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
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The species can be easily distinguished from other tiny
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megastigmus</taxonomicName>
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spp. known from the Afrotropical region by the pale bristles on the thoracic dorsum whereas they are mostly black in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus zebrinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebrinus">Megastigmus zebrinus</taxonomicName>
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(Grissell, 2006), and by its orange body whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus pretorianensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretorianensis">Megastigmus pretorianensis</taxonomicName>
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is mostly black with brown areas (
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<bibRefCitation author="Doǧanlar, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna- Zeitschrift fuer Entomologie" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="561 - 580" title="Diagnosis of Megastigmus spp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) reared from galls of Leptocybeinvasa Fisher & Lasalle, 2004, (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae), with description of a new species from South Africa." volume="36" year="2015">Doǧanlar 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). In contrast to most other species, the male genital digitus bears only two teeth such as in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus helinae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helinae">Megastigmus helinae</taxonomicName>
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but the phallobase of the latter species is more elongate (Figure 29).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |