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<document id="6C468FC165DD1028019D2CDAC4B4014F" ID-CLB-Dataset="45420" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d295ee1-b38e-4594-8557-2c0823d1a7f6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229715" ID-ZooBank="9AE05BFB-F276-4F9E-B20E-413447E47BCE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460440741652" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonfitto, Antonio &amp; Morassi, Mauro" docDate="2014" docId="03FA87FEFFC5465CFF51FA84FB0E2054" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03821p150.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3821 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Horaiclavus Oyama 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="146" masterDocId="FFC3FF86FFC5465DFFC6FFEAFFF1234B" masterDocTitle="Two new Horaiclavus (Horaiclavidae, Conoidea) species from the Indo-Pacific region" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="146" pageNumber="146" updateTime="1698332886365" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A8CA9B1BB62B3E3685C028A51991220A">Two new Horaiclavus (Horaiclavidae, Conoidea) species from the Indo-Pacific region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB23BCC0A397EC9F2B422D0061071913">Bonfitto, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C991751718AE213D5E6ED12E7A2BF09A">Morassi, Mauro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="88C861F9D8329A80CD469C4C26F66E17">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="64371B98E51F009A7211B0387DD9D6E3">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="DBCC16CC5540436E91465C3224B89D0B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FA87FEFFC5465CFF51FA84FB0E2054" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6143135" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119507916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6143135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA87FEFFC5465CFF51FA84FB0E2054" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87FEFFC5465CFF51FA84FB0E2054" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
<subSubSection id="C3496563FFC5465DFF51FA84FDDF26C3" box="[151,558,1389,1416]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC36E8FFC5465DFF51FA84FDDF26C3" blockId="0.[151,558,1389,1416]" box="[151,558,1389,1416]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D0A48184FFC5465DFF51FA84FDDF26C3" bold="true" box="[151,558,1389,1416]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFF51FA84FDDF26C3" bold="true" box="[151,558,1389,1416]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFF28FA87FDDF26C3" ID-CoL="7P5FW" authority="Oyama, 1954" authorityName="Oyama" authorityYear="1954" box="[238,558,1389,1416]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFF28FA87FE7326CC" bold="true" box="[238,386,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFE4FFA84FDDF26C3" author="Oyama" box="[393,558,1390,1416]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Oyama, K. (1954) Review of the known species of Japanese Turridae (2). Ve nus, 18, 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1954">Oyama, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3496563FFC5465DFF51FA59FC3C2681" box="[151,973,1459,1482]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC36E8FFC5465DFF51FA59FC3C2681" blockId="0.[151,1436,1459,2036]" box="[151,973,1459,1482]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFF51FA59FED22681" bold="true" box="[151,291,1459,1482]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
<typeStatus id="54E8884AFFC5465DFF51FA59FF3E2681" box="[151,207,1459,1482]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFEF4FA59FD462681" authority="A. Adams, 1867" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityYear="1867" box="[306,695,1459,1482]" class="Gastropoda" family="Drilliidae" genus="Mangilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFEF4FA59FDF32681" box="[306,514,1459,1482]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Mangilia splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFDCFFA59FD462681" author="Adams" box="[521,695,1459,1482]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Adams, A. (1867) Descriptions of new species of shells from Japan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 309 - 315." type="proceedings paper" year="1867">A. Adams, 1867</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3496563FFC5465CFF01FA3FFB0E2054" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEC36E8FFC5465DFF01FA3FFD5625F7" blockId="0.[151,1436,1459,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFF01FA3FFEDE26A7" bold="true" box="[199,303,1493,1516]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Remarks</emphasis>
. The taxonomic position of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFD1EFA3FFC0726A7" authority="Oyama, 1954" authorityName="Oyama" authorityYear="1954" box="[728,1014,1493,1516]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFD1EFA3FFCAD26A7" box="[728,860,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFCA3FA3FFC0726A7" author="Oyama" box="[869,1014,1493,1516]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Oyama, K. (1954) Review of the known species of Japanese Turridae (2). Ve nus, 18, 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1954">Oyama, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has been controversial.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFAC4FA3FFA6D26A7" author="Powell" box="[1282,1436,1493,1516]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1966) The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Aukland Institute and Museum, 5, 1 - 184, 23 pls." type="journal article" year="1966">Powell (1966)</bibRefCitation>
assigned it to the
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFE94FA12FE5C2544" box="[338,429,1528,1551]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Turridae</taxonomicName>
but considered the possibility of placement in
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFC67FA12FBEC2544" box="[929,1053,1528,1551]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Buccinidae</taxonomicName>
. Subsequent authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFAC2FA12FA672544" author="Sysoev" box="[1284,1430,1528,1551]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Sysoev, A. V. (1993) Appendix 2 Genus-group taxa of Recent Turridae S. L. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London, Zoology, 59, 163 - 169." type="journal article" year="1993">Sysoev, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFF51F9F1FF212579" author="Sysoev" box="[151,208,1563,1586]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Sysoev, A. V. (1996) Deep-sea conoidean gastropods collected by the John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 34. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology) 62, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFF1DF9F1FDD52579" author="Higo" box="[219,548,1563,1586]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Higo, S., Callomon, P. &amp; Goto, Y. (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing Mollusca of Japan. Elle Scientific Publications, Osaka, 208 pp." type="book" year="1999">Higo, Callomon &amp; Goto, 1999</bibRefCitation>
) assigned
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFD53F9F1FCE92579" box="[661,792,1563,1586]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFD53F9F1FCE92579" box="[661,792,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFCFAF9F1FBC82579" authority="Olsson, 1964" authorityName="Olsson" authorityYear="1964" box="[828,1081,1563,1586]" class="Gastropoda" family="Drilliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Drilliidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFC6FF9F1FBC82579" author="Olsson" box="[937,1081,1563,1586]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Olsson, A. A. (1964) Neogene Mollusks from Northwestern Ecuador. Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York, 256 pp." type="book" year="1964">Olsson, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, while
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFB40F9F1FA6A2579" author="Fedosov" box="[1158,1435,1563,1586]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Fedosov, A. &amp; Kantor, Y. I. (2008) Toxoglossan gastropods of the subfamily Crassispirinae (Turridae) lacking a radula, and a discussion of the status of the subfamily Zemaciinae. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 74, 27 - 35. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eym 042" type="journal article" year="2008">Fedosov &amp; Kantor (2008)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in the
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFEF9F9D7FE27251F" box="[319,470,1597,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crassispirinae">Crassispirinae</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFE3BF9D7FC77251F" authority="Morrison, 1965" authorityName="Morrison" authorityYear="1965" box="[509,902,1597,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudomelatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Pseudomelatomidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFD1DF9D7FC77251F" author="Morrison" box="[731,902,1597,1620]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Morrison, J. P. E. (1965) On the families of Turridae. The Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the American Malacological Union, New York, pp. 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1965">Morrison, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). More recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFBFBF9D7FAD2251F" box="[1085,1315,1597,1620]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Bouchet, P., Kantor, Yu, I., Sysoev, A., Puillandre N., (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, 273 - 308. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / ey 017" type="journal article">
Bouchet
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFB58F9D7FB3F251F" box="[1182,1230,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
designated
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFF51F98AFEEA253C" box="[151,283,1632,1655]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFF51F98AFEEA253C" box="[151,283,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="54E8884AFFC5465DFEB2F98AFE53253C" box="[372,418,1632,1655]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">type</typeStatus>
genus of the new family
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFD0BF98AFC93253C" box="[717,866,1632,1655]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Horaiclavidae</taxonomicName>
which differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFB8FF98AFAD1253C" box="[1097,1312,1632,1655]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudomelatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudomelatomidae</taxonomicName>
mainly on molecular grounds. Species assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFD8DF969FD3F25D1" box="[587,718,1667,1690]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFD8DF969FD3F25D1" box="[587,718,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by a claviform shell sculptured with axial folds with a very shallow to virtually absent anal sinus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC36E8FFC5465CFF01F922FB0E2054" blockId="0.[151,1436,1459,2036]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,799]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">
Sysoev
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFEDDF922FEC12594" box="[283,304,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFEF1F922FDBC2594" author="Fedosov" box="[311,589,1736,1759]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Fedosov, A. &amp; Kantor, Y. I. (2008) Toxoglossan gastropods of the subfamily Crassispirinae (Turridae) lacking a radula, and a discussion of the status of the subfamily Zemaciinae. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 74, 27 - 35. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eym 042" type="journal article" year="2008">Fedosov &amp; Kantor (2008)</bibRefCitation>
noted that there are likely to be numerous additional undescribed
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFADEF922FA6D2594" box="[1304,1436,1736,1759]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFADEF922FA6D2594" box="[1304,1436,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and that the genus, as presently construed, is most probably polyphyletic and includes species that actually belong to distinct genera.
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFE72F8E7FD37246F" box="[436,710,1805,1828]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phaeocercus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFE72F8E7FD37246F" box="[436,710,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus phaeocercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFD38F8E7FC8A246F" box="[766,891,1805,1828]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="anaimus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFD38F8E7FC8A246F" box="[766,891,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">H. anaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(both described by Sysoev
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFB6BF8E7FB33246F" box="[1197,1218,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFB0AF8E7FF3F240C" author="Fedosov" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Fedosov, A. &amp; Kantor, Y. I. (2008) Toxoglossan gastropods of the subfamily Crassispirinae (Turridae) lacking a radula, and a discussion of the status of the subfamily Zemaciinae. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 74, 27 - 35. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eym 042" type="journal article" year="2008">Fedosov &amp; Kantor, 2008</bibRefCitation>
) differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFE9AF8DAFD4E240C" authority="A. Adams, 1867" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityYear="1867" box="[348,703,1840,1863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFE9AF8DAFE01240C" box="[348,496,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">H. splendidus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFDC7F8DAFD46240C" author="Adams" box="[513,695,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Adams, A. (1867) Descriptions of new species of shells from Japan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 309 - 315." type="proceedings paper" year="1867">A. Adams, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="54E8884AFFC5465DFD32F8DAFCD3240C" box="[756,802,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFC58F8DAFBD3240C" box="[926,1058,1840,1863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFC58F8DAFBD3240C" box="[926,1058,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in lacking a radula and in foregut anatomy. These species also differ from typical members of
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFCF4F8B9FC442421" box="[818,949,1875,1898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFCF4F8B9FC442421" box="[818,949,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their smaller dimensions and proportions (“lower spire and larger aperture and a somewhat longer siphonal canal”). Τhe tw0 new speʗIes desʗrIbed beI0w resemble the relatively small-sized species described by Sysoev (
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFCA3F872FC8B24E4" box="[869,890,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC5465DFC42F872FB6724E4" author="Fedosov" box="[900,1174,1944,1967]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" refString="Fedosov, A. &amp; Kantor, Y. I. (2008) Toxoglossan gastropods of the subfamily Crassispirinae (Turridae) lacking a radula, and a discussion of the status of the subfamily Zemaciinae. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 74, 27 - 35. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eym 042" type="journal article" year="2008">Fedosov &amp; Kantor, 2008</bibRefCitation>
) but otherwise differ in having peculiar morphological characters. It is thus possible that they may actually belong to one, or possibly two, still undescribed genera. This consideration is particularly pertinent in the case of
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC5465DFC13F837FB5D24BF" box="[981,1196,2013,2036]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ordinei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFC13F837FB5D24BF" box="[981,1196,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">Horaiclavus ordinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145781FFC5465DFB74F837FAF924BF" box="[1202,1288,2013,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC5465DFB74F837FAF924BF" bold="true" box="[1202,1288,2013,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="146">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
which differs from all species currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFDFBFF72FD3123E4" box="[573,704,152,175]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFDFBFF72FD3123E4" box="[573,704,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing relatively strong spiral sculpture. The presence of a relatively well developed spiral sculpture is a feature in apparent contrast even with the original diagnosis of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFF51FF37FEDD23BF" box="[151,300,221,244]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Horaiclavidae</taxonomicName>
proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC4465CFE79FF37FD6F23BF" author="Bouchet" box="[447,670,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Bouchet, P., Kantor, Yu, I., Sysoev, A., Puillandre N., (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, 273 - 308. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / ey 017" type="journal article" year="2011">
Bouchet
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFDD9FF37FDA723BF" box="[543,598,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.</emphasis>
(2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 293), which includes genera with spiral sculpture typically obsolete to feeble on spire whorls. For this reason, the position of
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFD1BFEEAFCBB225C" box="[733,842,256,279]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ordinei">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFD1BFEEAFCBB225C" box="[733,842,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">H. ordinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is problematic even at the familial level; the possibility that it actually belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFE69FEC8FD772272" box="[431,646,290,313]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudomelatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudomelatomidae</taxonomicName>
cannot be excluded on the basis of shell morphology alone. Kantor
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFAA0FEC8FA6D2272" box="[1382,1436,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">et al.</emphasis>
(2008) recently pointed out that shell features of members of
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFCE9FEAFFC7B2217" box="[815,906,325,348]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Turridae</taxonomicName>
are useful for species-level identification but are inadequate for supraspecific classification. Thus, in the absence of soft parts for anatomical and/or molecular studies, we refrain from proposing new, doubtful genera or subgenera; the two species here described are hence provisionally assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFE46FE47FDF2228F" box="[384,515,429,452]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFE46FE47FDF2228F" box="[384,515,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, within family
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFD6EFE47FCB0228F" box="[680,833,429,452]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Horaiclavidae</taxonomicName>
. Under SEM,
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFC1EFE47FB3A228F" box="[984,1227,429,452]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adenensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFC1EFE47FB3A228F" box="[984,1227,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Horaiclavus adenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145781FFC4465CFB14FE47FAD9228F" box="[1234,1320,429,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFB14FE47FAD9228F" bold="true" box="[1234,1320,429,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was found to show a microsculpture of squamiform pustules in the interior part of the inner lip. Judging from our preliminary SEM observations, similar microsculptural elements are widely present within “turriform” gastropods and seem to differ according to families. In the present case, the microscopic pustules found in
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFC19FDFFFB9B2167" box="[991,1130,533,556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adenensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFC19FDFFFB9B2167" box="[991,1130,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">H. adenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145781FFC4465CFBB5FDFFFB3A2167" box="[1139,1227,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFBB5FDFFFB3A2167" bold="true" box="[1139,1227,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are very similar to those occurring in
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFEA7FDD2FC812104" authority="Bonfitto &amp; Morassi, 2011" authorityName="Bonfitto &amp; Morassi" authorityYear="2011" box="[353,880,568,591]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudomelatomidae" genus="Crassispira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuckerana">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFEA7FDD2FDA12104" box="[353,592,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Crassispira tuckerana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC4465CFD9EFDD2FC812104" author="Bonfitto" box="[600,880,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Bonfitto, A. &amp; Morassi, M. (2011) Crassispira (Crassispirella) tuckerana, a replacement name for Crassispira (Crassispirella) tuckeri Bonfitto &amp; Morassi, 2004 (Gastropoda: Turridae: Crassispirinae) not Crassispira tuckeri Le Renard, 1994. Zootaxa, 2767, 57 - 58." type="journal article" year="2011">Bonfitto &amp; Morassi, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and may represent further morphological evidence of the close relationship between the families
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFD44FDB0FCE6213A" box="[642,791,602,625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Horaiclavidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFC8AFDB0FBD2213A" box="[844,1059,602,625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudomelatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudomelatomidae</taxonomicName>
(= Crassispiridae). The occurrence of this feature has not been investigated in the second new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFC4CFD97FC0B21DF" box="[906,1018,637,660]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ordinei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFC4CFD97FC0B21DF" box="[906,1018,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">H. ordinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145781FFC4465CFBC2FD97FBAD21DF" box="[1028,1116,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, because the
<typeStatus id="54E8884AFFC4465CFB37FD97FAEE21DF" box="[1265,1311,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">type</typeStatus>
material is represented by only few shells and these microscopic pustules, occurring in the inner part of the lip, may require breakage of the outer lip to be adequately shown.
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFD79FD28FC452192" box="[703,948,706,729]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adenensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFD79FD28FC452192" box="[703,948,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Horaiclavus adenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145781FFC4465CFC7BFD28FBE42192" box="[957,1045,706,729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFC7BFD28FBE42192" bold="true" box="[957,1045,706,729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
represents the second record of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFF1DFD0FFEAE21B7" box="[219,351,741,764]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFF1DFD0FFEAE21B7" box="[219,351,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Horaiclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Gulf of Aden.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC4465CFD86FD0FFD2B21B7" author="Sysoev" box="[576,730,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Sysoev, A. V. (1996) Deep-sea conoidean gastropods collected by the John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 34. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology) 62, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1996">Sysoev (1996)</bibRefCitation>
reported the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFC3BFD0FFAA421B7" authority="A. Adams, 1867" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityYear="1867" box="[1021,1365,741,764]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFC3BFD0FFB7E21B7" box="[1021,1167,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">H. splendidus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC4465CFB58FD0FFABD21B7" author="Adams" box="[1182,1356,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Adams, A. (1867) Descriptions of new species of shells from Japan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 309 - 315." type="proceedings paper" year="1867">A. Adams, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in this area, but the material was subsequently described as
<taxonomicName id="4C534D6BFFC4465CFD0CFCE2FC502054" box="[714,929,776,799]" class="Gastropoda" family="Horaiclavidae" genus="Horaiclavus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sysoevi">
<emphasis id="B927EAFAFFC4465CFD0CFCE2FC502054" box="[714,929,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="147">Horaiclavus sysoevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24B19FFC4465CFC0FFCE2FB0A2054" author="Smriglio" box="[969,1275,776,799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="147" refString="Smriglio, C. &amp; Mariottini, P. (2003) Horaiclavus sysoevi, a new species (Neogastropoda: Drilliidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean. The Nautilus, 117, 83 - 86." type="journal article" year="2003">Smriglio &amp; Mariottini, 2003</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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