369 lines
42 KiB
XML
369 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="896615671752539FC6896570F86BABCA" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2007)397[1:RACAOT]2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5387580" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630305193447" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="PICKETT, KURT M. & WENZEL, JOHN W." docDate="2007" docId="03ED87AD0016403B9B03FE92FB4CFBFF" docLanguage="en" docName="N3562.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3562 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2007)397%5B1%3ARACAOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Apoica Lepeletier in de Saussure 1854" docType="key" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFD4FFD50004402F983BFFBCFF87FFF6" masterDocTitle="Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699221608195" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="CE46DB9E3CD2953FD8BE4268CAE5E6EB">Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="46394518D2BA5085389E0CE41D66212D">PICKETT, KURT M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CC60668D4D619AEB555360B9FE5278F">WENZEL, JOHN W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8CD92C4A02A849898A92F2AFE3B75259">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B06F29AD05E1E30931CA5D3C545856C7">
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<mods:date id="806B7B9E1BEB2F464D6410FC52B41D6C">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EEE6D526D711992E131D53A7A6A3CAD4">2007-05-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="51075512A4AB962C8607D21B985C9720">3562</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="677BCC84A729F5800D7775EA3EDEAFF1" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2007)397[1:RACAOT]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C35E65300016403D9B03FE92FBD7FEB0" box="[824,1104,302,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9B03FE92FBD7FEB0" blockId="18.[824,1104,302,326]" box="[824,1104,302,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0B381D70016403D9B03FE92FBD7FEB0" box="[824,1104,302,326]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="9">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9BB1FE92FBD7FEB0" ID-CoL="YY2" ID-ENA="50614" authority="Lepeletier" authorityName="Lepeletier in de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[906,1104,302,326]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9BB1FE92FC5FFEB0" box="[906,984,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apoica</emphasis>
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Lepeletier
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E65300016403D9A86FED2FBEBFE76" box="[701,1132,365,385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9A86FED2FBEBFE76" blockId="18.[701,1228,365,457]" box="[701,1132,365,385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5411950016403D9A86FED2FBEBFE76" box="[701,1132,365,385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE510AA0016403D9A86FED2FC45FE76" author="Lepeletier, A." box="[701,962,365,385]" page="536" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1836">
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9A86FED2FC45FE76" ID-CoL="YY2" authority="Lepeletier, 1836: 536" authorityName="Lepeletier in de Saussure" authorityPageNumber="536" authorityYear="1854" box="[701,962,365,385]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9A86FED2FD7CFE77" box="[701,763,366,385]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apoica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B4A0016403D9B39FED1FC45FE76" author="Lepeletier, A." box="[770,962,365,384]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref19080" refString="Lepeletier, A. d. S. - F. 1836. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hymenopteres. Paris: Library Encylopedique de Roret." type="book" year="1836">Lepeletier, 1836: 536</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, genus (2 species).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E65300016403D9A86FE3AFE72F92C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9A86FE3AFC12FE3F" blockId="18.[701,1228,365,457]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="54FF88190016403D9A86FE3AFD6CFE6F" box="[701,747,390,409]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9B7AFE3BFBF5FE6F" authority="Lepeletier, 1836" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" box="[833,1138,390,410]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolata">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9B7AFE3BFC52FE6C" box="[833,981,391,410]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apoica lineolata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B4A0016403D9BE5FE3AFBF5FE6F" author="Lepeletier, A." box="[990,1138,390,409]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref19080" refString="Lepeletier, A. d. S. - F. 1836. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hymenopteres. Paris: Library Encylopedique de Roret." type="book" year="1836">Lepeletier, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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5
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9CAEFE3BFC19FE47" authority="Olivier, 1792" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9CAEFE3BFC93FE44" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa pallida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B4A0016403D9B1AFE22FC19FE47" author="Olivier, A. G." box="[801,926,414,433]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref19273" refString="Olivier, A. G. 1792. Encyclopedie methodique 6 (2). Paris, 704 pp." type="book" year="1792">Olivier, 1792</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B4A0016403D9AE3FE0AFC16FE3F" author="Bequaert, J." box="[728,913,438,457]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="107 - 118" refId="ref18307" refString="Bequaert, J. 1943 (1942). Color variation and distribution of Apoica pallida (Olivier), a nocturnal neotropical social wasp. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 69: 107 - 118." type="journal article" year="1943">Bequaert, 1943: 108</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D98ACFD7AFEB7FC60" blockId="18.[128,655,710,918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Fig. 18. Strict consensus (L
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D99F5FD7AFE65FD2A" bold="true" box="[462,482,710,732]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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592; CI
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9A7BFD7AFDD3FD2A" bold="true" box="[576,596,710,732]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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0.54; RI
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9899FD5CFF31FD00" bold="true" box="[162,182,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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0.52) of two equally parsimonious topologies (L
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D98A5FD47FF35FCE7" bold="true" box="[158,178,763,785]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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584; CI
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9932FD47FE9AFCE7" bold="true" box="[265,285,763,785]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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0.54; RI
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9947FD47FE17FCE7" bold="true" box="[380,400,763,785]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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0.53) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D99D0FD47FDE5FCE7" box="[491,610,763,785]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D99D0FD47FDB6FCE6" box="[491,561,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apoica</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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and outgroups based on morphology, behavior, and CO1. Numbers above and below each branch are jackknife and Bremer support values, respectively. Jackknife values below 50% and Bremer values of 1 are not reported.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D98BBFC44FE72F92C" blockId="18.[128,654,1016,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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as homologous come at the cost of the performance of other morphological characters. However, the analysis of morphology and behavior already established the homoplastic nature of these characters—such as meso- and metapleural bristles (character 6), presence of the dorsal groove (character 11), various genitalic characters (digitus shape [18], digitus tip [19], paramere spine setae [24], posterior lobe of the paramere [25]), and color characters (scutum with longitudinal strips [28], color of the scutellum [29]). With the exception of the digitus shape character (CI
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9A08FAE1FDCEFA83" bold="true" box="[563,585,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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1.0 in tree from morphology and behavior; CI
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9A4CFAC6FD0AFA64" bold="true" box="[631,653,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
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0.50 in total evidence tree), all of these characters had CI’s of less than 0.50 in the tree based on morphology and behavior alone. So in this case, the equally weighted characters in the total-evidence analysis had an effect similar to successive approximations weighting (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B4A0016403D988FF9F7FEC6F995" author="Farris, J. S." box="[180,321,1611,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="374 - 385" refId="ref18610" refString="Farris, J. S. 1969. A successive approximations approach to character weighting. Systematic Zoology 18: 374 - 385." type="journal article" year="1969">Farris, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B4A0016403D9975F9F7FD80F995" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[334,519,1611,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="291 - 296" refId="ref18376" refString="Carpenter, J. M. 1988. Choosing among equally parsimonious cladograms. Cladistics 4: 291 - 296." type="journal article" year="1988">Carpenter, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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) or implied weighting (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B4A0016403D9938F9D5FE3AF977" author="Goloboff & P. A" box="[259,445,1641,1665]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="83 - 91" refId="ref18736" refString="Goloboff. P. A 1993. Estimating character weights during tree search. Cladistics 9: 83 - 91." type="journal article" year="1993">Goloboff, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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): Characters that performed well initially were perfected by minimizing the influence of characters that were already performing poorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E65300016403B9AEEFDBAFB4CFBFF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AEEFDBAFB33FDEB" blockId="18.[725,1204,518,542]" box="[725,1204,518,542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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KEY TO SPECIES OF
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9B91FDBAFC7CFDEB" ID-CoL="YY2" authorityName="Lepeletier in de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[938,1019,518,542]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9B91FDBAFC7CFDEB" box="[938,1019,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">APOICA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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USING FEMALES
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</paragraph>
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<key id="FFD5618A0016403B9AFBFDFEFB4CFBFF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<keyStep id="30B02E1E0016403D9AFBFDFEFB4CFCE5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFDFEFB4BFD5E" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFDFEFB4BFD5E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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1. Flagellomeres clearly biconvex, almost beadlike (
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<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0016403D9AD4FDE0FCC1FD84" box="[751,838,604,626]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,189,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[128,1227,211,592]" captionTargetId="figure-342@20.[128,1228,211,592]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 21. Flagellomeres: A, Apoica arborea. Flagellomeres are ‘‘knotted’’, or convex both dorsally (1 and 2) and ventrally (3); B, Apoica pallida. Dorsal flagellomeres are either slightly convex (19) or nearly flat (29), as is typical of other vespids. Ventral flagellomeres are nearly flat (39)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387634/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fig. 21A</figureCitation>
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); hind wing with anal lobe present...... Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9C3DFDCBFB4CFD7A" box="[1030,1227,631,652]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Deuterapoica">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9C3DFDCBFB4CFD7A" box="[1030,1227,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">DEUTERAPOICA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dalla Torre,
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9B83FD2EFB4BFD5E" ID-CoL="FTCV" authority="de Saussure" authorityName="de Saussure" box="[952,1228,658,680]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arborea">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9B83FD2EFB82FD51" box="[952,1029,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arborea</emphasis>
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de Saussure
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFD11FB4CFCE5" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFD11FB4CFCE5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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1a. Flagellomeres typically slightly convex dorsally, but ventrally almost flat (
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<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0016403D9C0BFD74FB03FD28" box="[1072,1156,712,734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,189,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[128,1227,211,592]" captionTargetId="figure-342@20.[128,1228,211,592]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 21. Flagellomeres: A, Apoica arborea. Flagellomeres are ‘‘knotted’’, or convex both dorsally (1 and 2) and ventrally (3); B, Apoica pallida. Dorsal flagellomeres are either slightly convex (19) or nearly flat (29), as is typical of other vespids. Ventral flagellomeres are nearly flat (39)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387634/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fig. 21B</figureCitation>
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); hind wing with anal lobe absent or much reduced............. 2, Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9C3FFD42FB4CFCE5" ID-CoL="YY2" authority="Lepeletier" authorityName="Lepeletier in de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[1028,1227,765,787]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9C3FFD42FBE5FCE5" box="[1028,1122,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">APOICA</emphasis>
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Lepeletier
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0016403D9AFBFCA5FB4CFBF3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFCA5FB4CFC39" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFCA5FB4CFC39" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2. Dorsal surface of metasoma striped in appearance; metasoma light brown dorsally, light brown ventrally; pale apical margin of metasomal terga faint on T2 and T3, thin on T4 and T5; T6 entirely pale; scutum dark brown to black, always with at least two longitudinal pale stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0016403D9B50FC05FC3AFC39" box="[875,957,953,975]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,189,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[128,1227,1295,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[128,1228,1295,1617]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 15. Mesonotum with longitudinal stripes: A, Apoica arborea female, absent; B, Apoica strigata, 4 pales stripes, two on either side of the parapsidal furrows. The lateral two stripes are sometimes lacking. C, Apoica ambracarina, two dark stripes, medial to the parapsidal furrows, fusing posteriorly. Scale bars 51.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387622/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
).....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9C20FC05FB4CFC39" ID-CoL="FTD3" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards. Later, de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[1051,1227,953,975]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9C20FC05FBEFFC38" box="[1051,1128,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">strigata</emphasis>
|
||
Richards
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFC68FB4CFBF3" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFC68FB4CFBF3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2a. Dorsal surface of metasoma not striped in appearance........................ 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0016403D9AFBFBB6FB4CFB87" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFBB6FB4CFBCD" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFBB6FB4CFBCD" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3. Dorsal surface of metasoma entirely pale white to yellow, with no dark markings........ 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFBFDFB4CFB87" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFBFDFB4CFB87" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3a. Dorsal surface of metasoma with obvious dark coloration........................ 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0016403D9AFBFBCBFB4CFA6E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFBCBFB4CFA94" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFBCBFB4CFA94" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
4. Metanotal bristles reaching anterior margin of metanotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0016403D9B56FB2EFC3FFB5E" box="[877,952,1170,1192]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,189,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[248,1106,938,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-183@8.[248,1106,938,1671]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Mesonotal bristles: A, Apoica flavissima, reaching anterior margin; B, Apoica gelida, not reaching anterior margin. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387594/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surface of propodeum and metasoma pale yellow in color; ventral surface also pale yellow, sometimes fading to light brown, but with no distinct separation from yellow of the dorsal surface; scutum light brown with 2 to 4 pale yellow longitudinal stripes...................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9BEBFAF0FB4CFA94" ID-CoL="FTCX" authority="van der Vecht" authorityName="van der Vecht" box="[976,1227,1356,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9BEBFAF0FBB4FA97" box="[976,1075,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">flavissima</emphasis>
|
||
van der Vecht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFAD4FB4CFA6E" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFAD4FB4CFA6E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
4a. Metanotal bristles not reaching anterior margin of metanotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0016403D9BB2FA3EFC48FA6E" box="[905,975,1410,1432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,189,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[248,1106,938,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-183@8.[248,1106,938,1671]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Mesonotal bristles: A, Apoica flavissima, reaching anterior margin; B, Apoica gelida, not reaching anterior margin. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387594/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
)............... 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0016403C9AFBFA22FDE1FB5D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403D9AFBFA22FB4CF9A2" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403D9AFBFA22FB4CF9A2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
5. Dorsal surface of metasoma pale white (work- er) or cream (queen); ventral surface light brown with a distinct, sharp separation from the pale color of the dorsal surface; antennae mostly dark brown, pale at tips; scutum light brown with 2 to 4 darker brown longitudinal stripes.............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380016403D9BCCF982FB4CF9A2" ID-CoL="FTCY" authority="van der Vecht" authorityName="van der Vecht" box="[1015,1227,1598,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gelida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90016403D9BCCF982FBB5F9A5" box="[1015,1074,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gelida</emphasis>
|
||
van der Vecht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0016403C9AFBF9E5FDE1FB5D" blockId="18.[704,1228,578,1754]" lastBlockId="19.[90,614,1119,1250]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0016403C9AFBF9E5FDE1FB5D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
5a. Dorsal surface of metasoma yellow, terga slightly darker apically; ventral surface light brown with a more or less distinct separation from the pale color of the ventral surface; antennae mostly dark brown, pale at tips; scutum usually dark brown, occasionally light brown, with 2 to 4 pale yellow longitudinal stripes...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380017403C9992FB29FDE1FB5D" ID-CoL="FTCZ" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[425,614,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C9992FB29FE6AFB5C" box="[425,493,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pallens</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B66330017403C98A4FB9DFBE4FBC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5387628" box="[159,1123,1057,1079]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387628/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[159,197,1057,1079]" targetBox="[146,1130,210,1023]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0017403C98A4FB9DFBE4FBC1" blockId="19.[159,1123,1057,1079]" box="[159,1123,1057,1079]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig. 19. Habitus of the lone specimen and holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380017403C9AD1FB9EFCFBFBC1" box="[746,892,1058,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C9AD1FB9EFCFBFBC1" box="[746,892,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apoica ellenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C9BC9FB9DFB81FBC1" bold="true" box="[1010,1030,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">5</emphasis>
|
||
5.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0017403B9861FB0CFD09FCE2" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0017403C9861FB0CFB23FB5D" blockId="19.[90,614,1119,1250]" lastBlockId="19.[664,1188,1119,1250]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0017403C9861FB0CFB23FB5D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
6. Posterior portion of first segment of metasoma and most of second metasomal tergum pale whitish-yellow; metanotum sharply angled posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0017403C9B22FBC6FCD8FB66" box="[793,863,1146,1168]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,189,537,559]" captionTargetBox="[128,1227,210,503]" captionTargetId="figure-153@8.[128,1228,210,503]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Metanotal shape: A, Apoica flavissima, rounded; B, Apoica gelida, angled posteriorly; C, Metapolybia cingulata, flat. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387592/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with prominent median carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0017403C9AFCFB29FC95FB5D" box="[711,786,1173,1195]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[112,150,607,629]" captionTargetBox="[88,1187,211,572]" captionTargetId="figure-234@7.[88,1188,211,573]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Metanotum with central carina: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica ambracarina, anterior carina; C, Apoica albimacula, extending posteriorly and sharply carinate. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387586/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
)...........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380017403C9B84FB29FB23FB5D" ID-CoL="67PF5" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[959,1188,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albimacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C9B84FB29FBACFB5C" box="[959,1067,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">albimacula</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0017403B9AA3FB0CFD09FCE2" blockId="19.[664,1188,1119,1250]" lastBlockId="20.[130,654,739,1223]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0017403B9AA3FB0CFD09FCE2" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
6a. First and second terga of metasoma entirely dark brown to black, with no pale cuticular coloration as in 6; metanotum gently angled posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0010403B9913FD42FEF6FCE2" box="[296,369,766,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,189,537,559]" captionTargetBox="[128,1227,210,503]" captionTargetId="figure-153@8.[128,1228,210,503]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Metanotal shape: A, Apoica flavissima, rounded; B, Apoica gelida, angled posteriorly; C, Metapolybia cingulata, flat. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387592/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
)................. 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B66330017403C984BF933FE86F92C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5387632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387632/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[112,150,1679,1701]" targetBox="[88,1187,1282,1644]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0017403C984BF933FE86F92C" blockId="19.[88,1187,1679,1754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig. 20.
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C98EDF933FF60F953" bold="true" box="[214,231,1679,1701]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380017403C98CEF933FE01F952" box="[245,390,1679,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C98CEF933FE01F952" box="[245,390,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apoica ellenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mesonotum sits lower relative to pronotum, mesonotal bristles do not reach anterior margin;
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C9926F915FEAAF949" bold="true" box="[285,301,1705,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380017403C997DF915FE7CF948" ID-CoL="FTD4" baseAuthorityName="Pickett" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[326,507,1705,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90017403C997DF915FE7CF948" box="[326,507,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apoica thoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mesonotum sits higher (typical), mesonotal bristles reach anterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B66330010403B98ACFDCDFCDEFD4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5387634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387634/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,189,625,647]" targetBox="[128,1227,211,592]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0010403B98ACFDCDFCDEFD4A" blockId="20.[128,1227,625,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig. 21. Flagellomeres:
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B99A2FDCDFE2DFD71" bold="true" box="[409,426,625,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380010403B998CFDCEFDD6FD71" ID-CoL="FTCV" box="[439,593,626,647]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B998CFDCEFDD6FD71" box="[439,593,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apoica arborea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Flagellomeres are ‘‘knotted’’, or convex both dorsally (1 and 2) and ventrally (3);
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B996AFD30FEE6FD54" bold="true" box="[337,353,652,674]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380010403B9955FD30FE79FD57" ID-CoL="FTD2" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[366,510,652,673]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9955FD30FE79FD57" box="[366,510,652,673]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apoica pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsal flagellomeres are either slightly convex (1
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9BC5FD30FB81FD54" bold="true" box="[1022,1030,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9</emphasis>
|
||
) or nearly flat (2
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9C8EFD30FB3AFD54" bold="true" box="[1205,1213,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9</emphasis>
|
||
), as is typical of other vespids. Ventral flagellomeres are nearly flat (3
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9B78FD1AFCCCFD4A" bold="true" box="[835,843,678,700]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0010403B98B9FCA5FD09FBFF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0010403B98B9FCA5FD09FC6A" blockId="20.[130,654,739,1223]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0010403B98B9FCA5FD09FC6A" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
7. Body almost entirely brown, with abdomen slightly lighter in color; final metasomal tergum either entirely pale or with pale color in Vshape apically; hairs prominent and present over surface of entire eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0010403B9985FC3AFD83FC6A" box="[446,516,902,924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[178,216,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[149,1204,1253,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-308@6.[149,1204,1253,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Eye hairs: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica pallida, present. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387584/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
)....... 8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0010403B98B9FC1DFD09FBFF" blockId="20.[130,654,739,1223]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0010403B98B9FC1DFD09FBFF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7a. Body entirely dark brown to black; final metasomal tergum never with strong pale color, occasionally with faint pale color on posterior tip of the tergum, but not in V-shape..... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0010403B98B9FBB2FB4CFCBC" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0010403B98B9FBB2FD09FB67" blockId="20.[130,654,739,1223]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0010403B98B9FBB2FD09FB67" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
8. Mesonotum dark with central, strongly pale spot; meso- and metanotal bristles bent at nearly 90
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9935FBF9FE90FBAC" bold="true" box="[270,279,1093,1114]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">°</emphasis>
|
||
, curving toward median (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0010403B9A02FBF9FD06FBAD" box="[569,641,1093,1115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[112,150,999,1021]" captionTargetBox="[263,1012,210,964]" captionTargetId="figure-270@9.[263,1012,210,965]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Metanotal bristles in posterior view. A. Apoica arborea, erect. B, Apoica thoracica, apically bent towards midline. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387598/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
); metanotum without central carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0010403B9A57FBDCFF4EFB67" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[112,150,607,629]" captionTargetBox="[88,1187,211,572]" captionTargetId="figure-234@7.[88,1188,211,573]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Metanotum with central carina: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica ambracarina, anterior carina; C, Apoica albimacula, extending posteriorly and sharply carinate. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387586/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380010403B99D6FBC7FD09FB67" ID-CoL="FTD2" authority="(Olivier)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[493,654,1147,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B99D6FBC7FDB7FB66" box="[493,560,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">pallida</emphasis>
|
||
(Olivier)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0010403B98B9FB2AFB4CFCBC" blockId="20.[130,654,739,1223]" lastBlockId="20.[704,1228,739,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0010403B98B9FB2AFB4CFCBC" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
8a. Mesonotum entirely dark; meso- and metanotal bristles erect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0010403B9966FB0DFE20FB31" box="[349,423,1201,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[112,150,999,1021]" captionTargetBox="[263,1012,210,964]" captionTargetId="figure-270@9.[263,1012,210,965]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Metanotal bristles in posterior view. A. Apoica arborea, erect. B, Apoica thoracica, apically bent towards midline. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387598/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally curving slightly, but not as extremely and uniformly as in other members of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380010403B9C36FD42FBD7FCE5" ID-CoL="YY2" authorityName="Lepeletier in de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[1037,1104,766,787]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9C36FD42FBD7FCE5" box="[1037,1104,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apoica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; metanotum with anterior, median carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0010403B9C30FCA5FBC9FCD9" box="[1035,1102,793,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[112,150,607,629]" captionTargetBox="[88,1187,211,572]" captionTargetId="figure-234@7.[88,1188,211,573]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Metanotum with central carina: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica ambracarina, anterior carina; C, Apoica albimacula, extending posteriorly and sharply carinate. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387586/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380010403B9C31FC88FB4CFCBC" authority="Pickett" authorityName="Pickett" box="[1034,1227,820,842]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambracarina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9C31FC88FB06FCBF" box="[1034,1153,820,841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ambracarina</emphasis>
|
||
Pickett
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30B02E1E0010403B9AFBFCECFB4CFBFF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0010403B9AFBFCECFB4CFC6A" blockId="20.[704,1228,739,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0010403B9AFBFCECFB4CFC6A" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
9. Fine pubescence generates a silvery-grey sheen over the meso- and metasoma, especially the metasoma...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380010403B9C03FC3AFB4CFC6A" authority="Pickett" authorityName="Pickett" box="[1080,1227,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9C03FC3AFBFBFC6D" box="[1080,1148,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ellenae</emphasis>
|
||
Pickett
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36BB0010403B9AFBFC1DFB4CFBFF" blockId="20.[704,1228,739,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B5958E0010403B9AFBFC1DFB4CFBFF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
9a. Lacking silvery-grey sheen; eye hairs absent or short and sparse at genal margin, rarely sparse across the entire surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A3E0010403B9BCBFC64FBBEFC18" box="[1008,1081,984,1006]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[178,216,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[149,1204,1253,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-308@6.[149,1204,1253,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Eye hairs: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica pallida, present. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387584/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
)...........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D380010403B9BD4FC4FFB4CFBFF" ID-CoL="FTD4" authority="du Buysson" authorityName="du Buysson" box="[1007,1227,1011,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAA90010403B9BD4FC4FFBCCFBFE" box="[1007,1099,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">thoracica</emphasis>
|
||
du Buysson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |