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<document id="158EDF65D9DE038B865D2FAC3B8C0D84" ID-CLB-Dataset="3668" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2007)475[1:CSAPOT]2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3202c158-e1c4-4cbf-835f-3c1435527f6c" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735338" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620068818117" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="ENGEL, MICHAEL S. &amp; GRIMALDI, DAVID A." docDate="2007" docId="03C787F17A38A331FCF1FA50ABDEC9D0" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2007.3568.1-16.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3568 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&amp;doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2007)475%5B1%3ACSAPOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Zapenesia ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI 2007, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFFEFF897A3CA337FFB9FFD3AA55CC40" masterDocTitle="Cretaceous Scolebythidae and Phylogeny of the Family (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698938188972" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C05626A60AB89CA4AC733A020ADDD653">Cretaceous Scolebythidae and Phylogeny of the Family (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="74C34FF5FA0A4C9D5D4D14F96D76190B">ENGEL, MICHAEL S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3A7A2818A4A9CF37434C35AF277A297">GRIMALDI, DAVID A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D7B98F5DF1347BE229B2E34C5603E0D7">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FDD69BAACC33293D718DA6514FA493D5">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C787F17A38A331FCF1FA50ABDEC9D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4734975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190116386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4734975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787F17A38A331FCF1FA50ABDEC9D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787F17A38A331FCF1FA50ABDEC9D0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C374656C7A38A333FCF1FA50AE14C9DB" box="[840,1089,1411,1435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD136E77A38A333FCF1FA50AE14C9DB" blockId="4.[840,1089,1411,1435]" box="[840,1089,1411,1435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D099818B7A38A333FCF1FA50AE14C9DB" box="[840,1089,1411,1435]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A38A333FCF1FA50A9ECC9DB" authority="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI, 2007" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[840,953,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Zapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A38A333FCF1FA50A9ECC9DB" bold="true" box="[840,953,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zapenesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229578E7A38A333FC70FA50AE14C9DB" box="[969,1089,1411,1435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374656C7A38A333FD61FA64A8BBC9AC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD136E77A38A333FD61FA64A8BBC9AC" blockId="4.[701,1228,1463,1754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="3B063CBA7A38A333FD61FA64A8BCC9AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3399889306" collectionCode="SPECIES" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54D588457A38A333FD61FA64A945C98D" box="[728,784,1463,1487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE227A38A333FCAEFA64A93CC98D" box="[791,873,1463,1487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SPECIES</collectionCode>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A38A333FC32FA64AE0FC98F" authority="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI, 2007" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[907,1114,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Zapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libanica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A38A333FC32FA64AE0FC98F" box="[907,1114,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zapenesia libanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229578E7A38A333FBD0FA64A8BCC9AC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374656C7A38A331FD61FA20A83DCF91" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD136E77A38A331FD61FA20A83DCF91" blockId="4.[701,1228,1463,1754]" lastBlockId="6.[128,654,211,1424]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
DIAGNOSIS: Small wasps (between 2 and
<quantity id="4C969B027A38A333FD04F9C3A955CA68" box="[701,768,1552,1576]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in total body length). Head elongate; frontal prominence absent; clypeal apex straight; malar space more than one-half basal mandibular width; face lateral to antennal torulus gently depressed; compound eyes relatively small, length only slightly more than distance from upper tangent of compound eyes to preoccipital ridge; inner margins of compound eyes parallel; ocelli far behind upper tangent of compound eyes, arranged in an equilateral triangle; occipital carina absent; pronotal collar absent, dorsal surface of pronotum shortened, at most 0.5 times as long as mesoscutum; propleura well developed, anteriorly forming a short neck; notauli faintly impressed but present and complete; prosternum large, exposed, broadly triangular posteriorly; parapsidal lines absent; mesoscutum separated from mesoscutellum by transverse furrow, furrow arching anteriorly medially; metanotum short; metapostnotum evident; forewing with open marginal cell; Rs long, much longer than pterostigma, terminating near anterior wing margin, tubular over entire length; R
<subScript id="17EA34A27A3AA331FE81FD05AB17CEA6" attach="left" box="[312,322,726,742]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
absent beyond pterostigmal apex; pterostigma of relatively moderate size, margin within marginal cell convex; 1m-cu absent; Rs+M nebulous; Cu distad separation from M nebulous; no submarginal cells (only costal, radial, and first cubital cells closed); metafemur not flattened; tibial spur formula 1-2-2; pretarsal claws simple; sixth metasomal sternum without specialized polished area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF11666F7A39A332FFC9F95EA911CA98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735342/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[112,150,1677,1699]" targetBox="[91,1187,135,1640]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD136E77A39A332FFC9F95EA911CA98" blockId="5.[88,1188,1677,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Fig. 4. Dorsal and lateral views of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A39A332FE57F95EA891CAE2" authority="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI, 2007" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[494,708,1677,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Boreobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turonius" status="new genus and species">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A39A332FE57F95EA891CAE2" box="[494,708,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Boreobythus turonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229578E7A39A332FD6BF95EA9E8CAE3" box="[722,957,1677,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new genus and species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in New Jersey amber (AMNH). Ocelli are likely present but are obscured by layer of Schimmel over face (position of setae, however, can be ascertained as they stick through and above this layer).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C374656C7A3AA331FF23FC0BAABCC8C4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD136E77A3AA331FF23FC0BAABCC8C4" blockId="6.[128,654,211,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
ETYMOLOGY: The genus-group name is a combination of
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FED0FC26ABD7C84D" box="[361,386,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">za</emphasis>
(Greek, ‘‘very’’) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FF39FBC0AAB1C86B" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1874" box="[128,228,1043,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Apenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FF39FBC0AAB1C86B" box="[128,228,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Apenesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the genus of bethylid wasps that the first fossil scolebythid, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FE7FFBE2A805C809" authorityName="Brues Baltic" authorityYear="1933" box="[454,592,1073,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Pristapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primaeva">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FE7FFBE2AB8DC809" box="[454,472,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FE52FBE2A805C809" box="[491,592,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">primaeva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was believed to be ancestral to). The name is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374656C7A3AA331FF23FB59ABDEC9D0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD136E77A3AA331FF23FB59ABDEC9D0" blockId="6.[128,654,211,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
COMMENTS: While the Early Cretaceous genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FE82FB7BAB84C880" box="[315,465,1192,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Libanobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FE82FB7BAB84C880" box="[315,465,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Libanobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FDACFB7BA8DBC880" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[533,654,1192,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Uliobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FDACFB7BA8DBC880" box="[533,654,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Uliobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reminiscent in habitus of the Cenozoic
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FF39FB37ABF0C8BC" box="[128,421,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FF39FB37AB42C8BC" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" box="[128,279,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Pristapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pristapenesia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FE8DFB37ABF0C8BC" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[308,421,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Zapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zapenesia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FDBAFB37A8DBC8BC" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[515,654,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Boreobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FDBAFB37A8DBC8BC" box="[515,654,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Boreobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the typical habitus of a generalized chrysidoid.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FEB1FACCAB2CC977" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[264,377,1311,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Zapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FEB1FACCAB2CC977" box="[264,377,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zapenesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently more derived than
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D647A3AA331FEBEFAEEABC7C915" authorityName="ENGEL &amp; GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2007" box="[263,402,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Boreobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAF57A3AA331FEBEFAEEABC7C915" box="[263,402,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Boreobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as evidenced by the reduced pronotal dorsal surface and the reduced wing venation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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