plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/9F/87/039F87A5674DFF8C4D23FB0BFC22FB6B.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

805 lines
98 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="BDF0B2064461FE498F8FB856BF7D2827" ID-CLB-Dataset="22144" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e7bcd4d-1cdb-45cf-b2c3-54da2466f171" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827189" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589468946001" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Herbert, David G." docDate="2017" docId="039F87A5674DFF8C4D23FB0BFC22FB6B" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-309.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 309" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Kerkophorus vittarubra Herbert 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B8D472B5-F565-47B1-B8D2-FDACFD810B3F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFA6FFDD6747FF9C4F79FFC5FFA2FFF9" masterDocTitle="A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s. l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698839690494" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="8FBA5E4036B938D832F24F9F72B0DD33" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9430373300B3EEBD0D0508642E37E541">
<mods:title id="D0DD8C9AA3EF2CE185025DF8437026E3">A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s. l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DCC75828789072A9D56DA016F4E67AA3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6FF009464B37AA9D1F973AC74EFE4675">
<mods:roleTerm id="B981BD1012AA52C0DF226787CADAE7D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="72B836203F4323CC249AC83220068DC3">Herbert, David G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0A01EEA0F9776AA11D002C5055E75982">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A0A3AD6B361E9F7F7F7D73AA8B2C381F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9CE99D390047E6D6B5983B3EB6B3CC5A">
<mods:title id="41BE0320B9C20FBFF5ADC40BDAA5EBB8">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="140D57E55CA9547A127A4D3BBFB8A664">
<mods:date id="D56CB5E3F98F997175FAED9F53E28D73">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="82E14383C72827A798F6D2A334DEEF97" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="15C58096198AE78B4BEDAD03C4561058">2017-04-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BC1423058058F1A2514EFE0360A2F25F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="DCB17D961C79E27A1C17E9F302492975">309</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="836741E2F737BFCD015E2F308BDC4D27" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BFB5CC96C5D064DECE52E2FB8EC3114F">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="18AE11A70DEA5C617FB79FCD2510BDE7">50</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="7771AC221070C682CAF5E308C587BBD7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D10E8BA639C169E3442E722AA45430BD" type="CLB-Dataset">22144</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="67D537C6173E56953000C1DF482B2FD6" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2017.309</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B369A7D3FB9B926A7AE1839478CFDA7D" type="GBIF-Dataset">4e7bcd4d-1cdb-45cf-b2c3-54da2466f171</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DE0B3BD78C891E2DE339B0799137E6F1" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4D0279BD6D9443981EADA2FE8CC76855" type="Zenodo-Dep">3827189</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D910CFE41D4B840CA63B1242DC635F20" type="ZooBank">1E8FE779-D6E7-428E-9538-5E5F8ECFB271</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039F87A5674DFF8C4D23FB0BFC22FB6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164151037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846868" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8D472B5-F565-47B1-B8D2-FDACFD810B3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87A5674DFF8C4D23FB0BFC22FB6B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF964D23FB0BFC78FB10" box="[602,986,1230,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964D23FB0BFC78FB10" blockId="10.[358,1229,1230,1333]" box="[602,986,1230,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181DF674DFF964D23FB0BFC78FB10" box="[602,986,1230,1257]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964D23FB0BFCDAFB10" ID-CoL="3R63C" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[602,888,1230,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964D23FB0BFCDAFB10" bold="true" box="[602,888,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674DFF964C06FB0AFC78FB10" box="[895,986,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF964E1FFB31FCF6FACC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964E1FFB31FB6FFAF6" blockId="10.[358,1229,1230,1333]" box="[358,1229,1268,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<uri id="FFA73AB1674DFF964E1FFB31FB6FFAF6" box="[358,1229,1268,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF900C66674DFF964DF2FB31FB6FFAF6" box="[651,1229,1268,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B8D472B5-F565-47B1-B8D2-FDACFD810B3F</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964DA6FADEFCF6FACC" blockId="10.[358,1229,1230,1333]" box="[735,852,1307,1333]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674DFF964DA6FADEFCF6FACC" box="[735,852,1307,1333]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[190,233,1894,1920]" captionStartId-1="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-2="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-3="14.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionStartId-4="15.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[298,1292,593,1840]" captionTargetBox-1="[193,1394,1138,1882]" captionTargetBox-2="[190,1399,1097,1886]" captionTargetBox-3="[192,1396,1117,1887]" captionTargetBox-4="[201,1395,1031,1866]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[292,1295,593,1840]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[189,1399,1132,1888]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[189,1399,1094,1888]" captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[189,1399,1113,1890]" captionTargetId-4="figure@15.[189,1399,1012,1888]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Distribution of Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. (triangles), Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov. (squares), and Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov. (cross). The population at Nkandla marked ‘?’ is a potentially hybrid population with shell characters resembling K. piperatus sp. nov., but with genitalia resembling K. vittarubra sp. nov. Contours at 1000 and 1500 m." captionText-1="Fig. 7. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 24.8 mm (NMSA P0353/T4061). E–F. Ongoye Forest, juvenile specimens with angular periphery (paratypes, NMSA W9692/T4046), diameter 17.5 mm and 16.0 mm, respectively." captionText-2="Fig. 8. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., living animals. A. Maphelane, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 18.3 mm (NMSA P0391). B. Enseleni, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 12.6 mm (NMSA W4705). C–D. Ongoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 17.0 mm (NMSA P0386)." captionText-3="Fig. 9. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., radula (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner left marginal teeth. D. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B–D = 100 μm." captionText-4="Fig. 10. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Genital tract (minus ovotestis). B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath revealing stimulator and sinuous penis. C. Spermatophore." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827205" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827207" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827209" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827211" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827213" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3827205/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3827207/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3827209/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3827211/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3827213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 6–10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF964FC4FAA5FD3BFA59" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FAA5FD3BFA59" blockId="10.[189,1398,1375,1441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26119D674DFF964FC4FAA5FD3BFA59" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964FC4FAA5FE32FA83" ID-CoL="6YM8J" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[189,400,1376,1402]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Sheldonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inuncta">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FAA5FE32FA83" box="[189,400,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sheldonia inuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964EE6FAA4FE69FA83" box="[415,459,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">non</emphasis>
Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1899) –
<treatmentCitation id="0A9710A2674DFF964C5FFAA5FBAFFA83" author="Connolly M." box="[806,1037,1375,1402]" page="145" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B42674DFF964C5FFAA5FBAFFA83" author="Connolly M." box="[806,1037,1375,1402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref23445" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly 1939: 145</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part). —
<treatmentCitation id="0A9710A2674DFF964BD9FAA5FE91FA59" author="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N." page="264" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B42674DFF964BD9FAA5FE91FA59" author="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref23985" refString="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N. 2004. Field Guide to the Land Snails and Slugs of Eastern South Africa. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg." type="book" year="2004">Herbert &amp; Kilburn 2004: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part), un-numbered figure.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF964FC4FA0EFDA9F99D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FA0EFE94FA1C" blockId="10.[189,310,1483,1509]" box="[189,310,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181DF674DFF964FC4FA0EFE94FA1C" bold="true" box="[189,310,1483,1509]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FA0EFE94FA1C" bold="true" box="[189,310,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FA38FDA9F99D" blockId="10.[189,1399,1533,1636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Shell characterised by its large size, weakly angled periphery, elevated spire, silky surface, narrow redbrown peripheral line slightly above mid-whorl and large protoconch. Genital atrium large, containing a well-developed stimulator.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF964FC4F94AFE04F8DE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4F94AFEE6F950" blockId="10.[189,324,1679,1705]" box="[189,324,1679,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181DF674DFF964FC4F94AFEE6F950" bold="true" box="[189,324,1679,1705]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4F94AFEE6F950" bold="true" box="[189,324,1679,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4F904FE04F8DE" blockId="10.[189,1399,1728,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
From the Latin ‘
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964E06F904FE11F923" box="[383,435,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vitta</emphasis>
’, f., ribbon and the Latin ‘
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964D94F905FCDFF923" box="[749,893,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ruber, rubra</emphasis>
’, red; referring to the infernal bureaucratic red tape now bedevilling scientific endeavour (and the red-brown peripheral spiral line on the shell). Noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF974FC4F897FB04F812" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4F897FE08F895" blockId="10.[189,426,1874,1900]" box="[189,426,1874,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181DF674DFF964FC4F897FE08F895" bold="true" box="[189,426,1874,1900]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4F897FE08F895" bold="true" box="[189,426,1874,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964F93F841FEFEF867" blockId="10.[189,1399,1924,2028]" box="[234,348,1924,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CEE674DFF964F93F841FEFEF867" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4433207301" box="[234,348,1924,1950]" collectingDate="1997-05" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Plisko" country="South Africa" elevation="30" latitude="-28.405" location="Maphelane" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="32.4217" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="NMSA P0353/T4061" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548D8811674DFF964F93F841FEFEF867" box="[234,348,1924,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964F93F841FEFEF867" bold="true" box="[234,348,1924,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF974FC4F86FFCFAFEDF" blockId="10.[189,1399,1924,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1399,267,823]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674DFF964FC4F86FFE38F83D" box="[189,410,1962,1988]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674DFF964ED2F86FFDC4F83D" box="[427,614,1962,1988]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EE96068674DFF964D0EF86FFD5EF83D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87A5674DFF8C4D23FB0BFC22FB6B:8EE96068674DFF964D0EF86FFD5EF83D" box="[631,764,1962,1988]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.405" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="32.4217" name="Maphelane" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Maphelane</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674DFF964C77F86FFC3AF83D" box="[782,920,1962,1989]" degrees="28.4050" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="-28.405">28.4050° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674DFF964CD2F86FFB95F83C" box="[939,1079,1962,1989]" degrees="32.4217" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="32.4217">32.4217° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674DFF964B30F86FFB08F83C" box="[1097,1194,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="001BD180674DFF964B30F86FFB08F83C" box="[1097,1194,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">0–60 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dune forest, on understorey vegetation,
<collectorName id="26C35365674DFF964EACF814FDE3F812" box="[469,577,2001,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. Plisko</collectorName>
leg.,
<date id="FF881073674DFF964DF9F814FD55F812" box="[640,759,2001,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1997-05">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE99B674DFF964DF9F814FD55F812" box="[640,759,2001,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1997-05">
May
<date id="FF881073674DFF964DC5F814FD55F812" box="[700,759,2001,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1997" year="1997">1997</date>
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode id="DB909EC8674DFF964C7DF814FBA0F812" box="[772,1026,2000,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NMSA P0353/T4061</specimenCode>
, dry shell with body in ethanol).
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974F93FEC9FEC5FEDF" bold="true" box="[234,359,268,294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="548D8811674CFF974F93FEC9FEC5FEDF" box="[234,359,268,294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(listed north to south, all
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674CFF974DEFFECEFCF2FEDF" box="[662,848,267,294]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674CFF974FC4FEEAFBBCFCCE" blockId="11.[189,1399,267,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674CFF974FC4FEEAFE30FEB0" box="[189,402,303,329]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: Greater St Lucia Wetland Park, Manzimbomvu-Ozabeni area,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974B1BFEEBFB41FEB0" box="[1122,1251,302,329]" degrees="27.6167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-27.6167">27.6167° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974B94FEEBFAD3FEB0" box="[1261,1393,302,329]" degrees="32.5500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="32.55">32.5500° E</geoCoordinate>
, woodland, under leaves, G. Davies leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974DE2FE97FC9BFE95" box="[667,825,338,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2006-05-28">
<date id="FF881073674CFF974DE2FE97FD54FE95" box="[667,758,338,364]" day="28" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1928">
28
<date id="FF881073674CFF974DB9FE97FD54FE95" box="[704,758,338,364]" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="2006">May</date>
</date>
<date id="FF881073674CFF974D87FE97FC9BFE95" box="[766,825,338,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2006" year="2006">2006</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974C31FE97FC3FFE95" box="[840,925,338,364]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
W4283/T4042, one dry shell with body in ethanol);
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674CFF974E30FEB0FE27FE76" box="[329,389,373,399]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cape</collectingRegion>
Vidal,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974EA0FEB0FDECFE76" box="[473,590,373,399]" degrees="28.128" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.128">28.128° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974D23FEB0FD73FE69" box="[602,721,373,400]" degrees="32.550" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="32.55">32.550° E</geoCoordinate>
, dune forest, P. Reavell leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B58FEB0FB0DFE76" box="[1057,1199,373,400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1978-12-01">
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B58FEB0FBCFFE69" box="[1057,1133,373,400]" day="01" month="12" monthName="Dec" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
1
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B4EFEB3FBCFFE69" box="[1079,1133,374,400]" month="12" monthName="Dec" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1978">Dec.</date>
</date>
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B0DFEB0FB0DFE76" box="[1140,1199,373,399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1978" year="1978">1978</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974BC4FEB0FAB0FE76" box="[1213,1298,373,399]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
W2277/ T4047, four dry shells); same data as
<typeStatus id="548D8811674CFF974D1EFE5DFD6CFE4B" box="[615,718,408,434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974DA2FE5DFCEEFE4B" box="[731,844,408,434]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
20160241, one dry shell;
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974B0AFE5DFB64FE4B" box="[1139,1222,408,434]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
V4725/T4062, six dry shells with bodies in ethanol;
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974D14FE7EFD6AFE2F" box="[621,712,443,470]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.5004184, one dry shell); Maphelane, forest between dunes and Umfolozi swamp,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974EB1FE1AFD9FFE00" box="[456,573,479,505]" degrees="28.407" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.407">28.407° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974D33FE1AFD63FE00" box="[586,705,479,505]" degrees="32.418" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="32.418">32.418° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974DB7FE1AFC8BFE00" box="[718,809,479,506]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="0.0">0–15 m</quantity>
, on vegetation, abundant, D. Herbert leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974A63FE1AFF5AFDE4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1995-11-30">
<date id="FF881073674CFF974A63FE1AFAD5FE00" box="[1306,1399,479,505]" day="30" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1930">30 Nov.</date>
<date id="FF881073674CFF974FC4FDC7FF5AFDE4" box="[189,248,514,541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1995" year="1995">1995</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974E70FDC7FEFCFDE5" box="[265,350,514,540]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<date id="FF881073674CFF974E1EFDC7FE1AFDE5" box="[359,440,514,540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2194-05">
V
<date id="FF881073674CFF974E05FDC7FE1AFDE5" box="[380,440,514,540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2194" year="2194">2194</date>
</date>
/T4044, 51 dry shells with 46 bodies in ethanol); Ongoye Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974BB4FDC7FAD3FDE5" box="[1229,1393,514,540]" degrees="28.830767" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-28.830767">28.830767° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974FC4FDE0FEC0FDB9" box="[189,354,549,576]" degrees="31.736298" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="31.736298">31.736298° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974E09FDE0FE1FFDB9" box="[368,445,549,576]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="307.0">307 m</quantity>
, M. and K. Cole and G. Williams-Wynn leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974C98FDE0FBD9FDB9" box="[993,1147,549,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2015-04-11">
11 Apr.
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B39FDE0FBD9FDB9" box="[1088,1147,549,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2015" year="2015">2015</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974BF2FDE0FB69FDC6" box="[1163,1227,549,575]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ELM</collectionCode>
W3904/T155, one dry shell with body in ethanol); Ongoye Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C50FD8DFC1EFD9A" box="[809,956,584,611]" degrees="28.83617" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-28.83617">28.83617° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974CB3FD8DFBFDFD9A" box="[970,1119,584,611]" degrees="31.71252" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="31.71252">31.71252° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974B14FD8CFB18FD9A" box="[1133,1210,585,611]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.27" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="327.0">327 m</quantity>
, on understorey trees and bushes, C. Stoffels leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974D2AFDA9FD7FFD7F" box="[595,733,620,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2014-01-09">
9 Jan.
<date id="FF881073674CFF974DDBFDA9FD7FFD7F" box="[674,733,620,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2014" year="2014">2014</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974D94FDA9FCE0FD7F" box="[749,834,620,646]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
W9692/T4046, seven dry shells with bodies in ethanol, plus one whole specimen in ethanol); Eshowe,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C32FD4AFC63FD50" box="[843,961,655,682]" degrees="28.885" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.885">28.885° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974CB7FD4AFBE4FD53" box="[974,1094,655,682]" degrees="31.468" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="31.468">31.468° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974B2BFD4AFB3DFD53" box="[1106,1183,655,682]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, Falcon collection (
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974FBCFD77FEB8FD35" box="[197,282,690,716]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
A8166/T4043, 37 dry shells with 11 bodies in ethanol); Eshowe, Dlinza Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974BB6FD77FAD3FD35" box="[1231,1393,690,716]" degrees="28.893419" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-28.89342">28.893419° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974FC4FD10FEC1FD09" box="[189,355,725,752]" degrees="31.451602" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="31.451603">31.451602° E</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974EE1FD13FDAFFD16" box="[408,525,726,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974EE1FD13FDAFFD16" box="[408,525,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dracaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf, M. Cole leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974D85FD13FC34FD09" box="[764,918,726,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010-01-13">13 Jan. 2010</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974CDEFD13FC45FD09" box="[935,999,726,752]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ELM</collectionCode>
W3447/T154, one dry shell with body in ethanol); Eshowe, Dlinza Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974DDCFD3CFCAEFCEA" box="[677,780,761,787]" degrees="28.90" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="-28.9">28.90° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C60FD3CFC20FCEA" box="[793,898,761,788]" degrees="31.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="31.45">31.45° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974CF7FD3CFC79FCEA" box="[910,987,761,788]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, on
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974BDBFD3CFAD4FCEA" box="[1186,1398,761,787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Tabernaemontana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974BDBFD3CFAD4FCEA" box="[1186,1398,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tabernaemontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf, D. Eckard leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974EC9FCD9FD99FCCF" box="[432,571,796,822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-09-04">4 Sep. 1997</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974D33FCD9FD3DFCCF" box="[586,671,796,822]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
V5270/T4045, three dry shells).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674CFF974FC4FC98FC6EFC81" blockId="11.[189,972,861,888]" box="[189,972,861,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974FC4FC98FEDBFC8E" bold="true" box="[189,377,861,887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Other material</emphasis>
(listed north to south, all
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674CFF974DDEFC98FCC0FC8E" box="[679,866,861,887]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974C17FC9BFC67FC81" box="[878,965,862,888]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674CFF974FC4FC49FB04F812" blockId="11.[189,1399,908,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674CFF974FC4FC49FE3BFC5F" box="[189,409,908,934]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: St Lucia, Eastern Shores,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974D91FC49FCC0FC5F" box="[744,866,908,935]" degrees="28.175" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.175">28.175° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C0AFC49FC4DFC5E" box="[883,1007,908,935]" degrees="32.500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="32.5">32.500° E</geoCoordinate>
, swamp forest, on
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974BA4FC48FE8DFC30" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974BA4FC48FE8DFC30" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Barringtonia racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves, P. Reavell leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974D2FFC6AFD41FC30" box="[598,739,943,970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1990-01-05">5 Jan. 1990</date>
(S869); Greater St Lucia, near St Lucia River mouth,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974FC4FC16FEF2FC14" box="[189,336,979,1005]" degrees="28.38213" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-28.38213">28.38213° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E24FC16FE50FC14" box="[349,498,979,1005]" degrees="32.41981" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="32.41981">32.41981° E</geoCoordinate>
, dune forest, attached to understorey vegetation, A. Moussalli and D. Stuart- Fox leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974E51FC33FE61FBE9" box="[296,451,1014,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-12-17">17 Dec. 2003</date>
(W4301); St Lucia Village, forest walk, coastal lowland forest, on low vegetation, D. Herbert leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974E0FFBDCFDA9FBCA" box="[374,523,1049,1075]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-10-19">19 Oct. 1997</date>
(V5380); Maphelane,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C69FBDCFC31FBCA" box="[784,915,1049,1075]" degrees="28.4033" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.4033">28.4033° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974CE7FBDCFB81FBCD" box="[926,1059,1049,1076]" degrees="32.2034" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="32.2034">32.2034° E</geoCoordinate>
, dune forest, H. van der Bank
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974FC4FBF8FF51FBAF" box="[189,243,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974E46FBF9FE79FBAF" box="[319,475,1084,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011-10-17">17 Oct. 2011</date>
(W8617) (
<collectionCode id="ED27AE76674CFF974D19FBF9FD2CFBAF" box="[608,654,1084,1110]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13662" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">CO</collectionCode>
1 barcode vouchers, BIN ABW7223); Maphelane,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974B93FBF9FAD3FBAF" box="[1258,1393,1084,1111]" degrees="28.4050" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.405">28.4050° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974FC4FBA5FEE1FB83" box="[189,323,1120,1146]" degrees="32.4217" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="32.4217">32.4217° E</geoCoordinate>
, dune forest, R. Kilburn leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974DD9FBA5FC97FB83" box="[672,821,1120,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1983-01-11">11 Jan. 1983</date>
(B6045), O. Bourquin leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974BF9FB9AFAB2FB83" box="[1152,1296,1119,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1981-07-15">15 Jul. 1981</date>
(B6046, V7216), S. Mclean leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974EA3FB46FDCBFB64" box="[474,617,1155,1181]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1987-07-16">16 Jul. 1987</date>
(E1100), R. Kilburn, D. Herbert and R. Fregona leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974BA5FB46FAD5FB64" box="[1244,1399,1155,1181]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1987-05-10">10 May 1987</date>
(E382), D. Morgan leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974E9BFB63FDDFFB39" box="[482,637,1190,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1991-02-16">16 Feb. 1991</date>
(S3401), D. Herbert leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974CCDFB63FBF1FB38" box="[948,1107,1190,1217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1995-12-30">30 Dec. 1995</date>
(
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B1AFB63FB1AFB39" box="[1123,1208,1190,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2274-05">V2274</date>
), D. Plisko leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974FC4FB0CFEE8FB1A" box="[189,330,1225,1252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-05-01">1 May 1997</date>
(V5017); Maphelane area,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974DF2FB0CFCBFFB1A" box="[651,797,1225,1252]" degrees="28.51162" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-28.51162">28.51162° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C50FB0CFC1CFB1D" box="[809,958,1225,1252]" degrees="32.39775" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="32.39775">32.39775° E</geoCoordinate>
, on road to lighthouse, R. Kilburn, D. Herbert and R. Fregona leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974D76FB28FD08FAFE" box="[527,682,1261,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1987-05-13">13 May 1987</date>
(E360); Enseleni Nature Reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974B46FB29FB73FAFE" box="[1087,1233,1260,1287]" degrees="28.64410" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-28.6441">28.64410° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974BA4FB29FAD3FAFE" box="[1245,1393,1260,1287]" degrees="31.96180" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="31.9618">31.96180° E</geoCoordinate>
, coastal forest, on understorey vegetation, A. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B27FAD5FB5FFAD3" box="[1118,1277,1296,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2006-11-11">11 Nov. 2006</date>
(W4705); Enseleni Nature Reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E8AFAF6FDD8FAB4" box="[499,634,1331,1357]" degrees="28.6917" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.6917">28.6917° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974DF0FAF6FCB3FAB7" box="[649,785,1331,1358]" degrees="32.0070" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="32.007">32.0070° E</geoCoordinate>
, coastal forest, crawling over leaf-litter, D. Herbert leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974F81FA93FE36FA89" box="[248,404,1366,1392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-04-13">13 Apr. 1997</date>
(V4803); Enseleni Nature Reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C3EFA93FC6FFA89" box="[839,973,1366,1392]" degrees="28.6917" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.6917">28.6917° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974CA5FA93FBC6FA88" box="[988,1124,1366,1393]" degrees="32.0070" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="32.007">32.0070° E</geoCoordinate>
, in
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974BE8FA92FA88FA89" box="[1169,1322,1367,1392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974BE8FA92FA88FA89" box="[1169,1322,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Barringtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest beside lake, D. Herbert leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974D69FABCFD05FA6D" box="[528,679,1401,1428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1995-01-15">15 Jan. 1995</date>
(V656); Richards Bay area, S of Nhlabane River,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974B83FABFFAD3FA6D" box="[1274,1393,1402,1428]" degrees="28.717" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.717">28.717° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974FC4FA58FE94FA4E" box="[189,310,1437,1463]" degrees="32.170" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="32.17">32.170° E</geoCoordinate>
, at base of dunes, G. Anderson leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974D95FA58FC29FA4E" box="[748,907,1437,1463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1996-05-20">20 May 1996</date>
(V3929); Empangeni,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974BE5FA58FB45FA4E" box="[1180,1255,1437,1463]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
N of Mdibi swamp forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E11FA05FE4EFA23" box="[360,492,1472,1499]" degrees="28.7519" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.7519">28.7519° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E81FA05FDDCFA22" box="[504,638,1472,1499]" degrees="32.0794" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="32.0794">32.0794° E</geoCoordinate>
, on leaves, P. Reavell leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974CC2FA05FBEBFA23" box="[955,1097,1472,1499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1998-03-01">1 Mar. 1998</date>
(V6526); Ongoye Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974FC4FA26FE91FA04" box="[189,307,1507,1533]" degrees="28.808" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.808">28.808° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E39FA26FE15FA07" box="[320,439,1507,1534]" degrees="31.717" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="31.717">31.717° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974EBDFA26FDB2FA07" box="[452,528,1507,1534]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
, under log on forest floor, D. Herbert leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B7FFA26FB02FA04" box="[1030,1184,1507,1533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-09-18">18 Sep. 1999</date>
(V7387); Ongoye Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E60F9C2FE31F9D8" box="[281,403,1543,1569]" degrees="28.833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.833">28.833° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974EDAF9C2FDBDF9D8" box="[419,543,1543,1569]" degrees="31.717" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="31.717">31.717° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974D49F9C3FD22F9D8" box="[560,640,1542,1569]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, crawling over leaf-litter, D. Herbert leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974A50F9C3FF5AF9BD" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-09-06">6 Sep. 1997</date>
(V5118); Ongoye Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974D55F9EFFD13F9BD" box="[556,689,1578,1604]" degrees="28.8417" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.8417">28.8417° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974DC7F9EFFCE6F9BD" box="[702,836,1578,1604]" degrees="31.6870" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="31.687">31.6870° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974C29F9EFFC3FF9BD" box="[848,925,1578,1604]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="410.0">410 m</quantity>
, scarp forest dominated by
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974B99F9EFFAE7F9BD" box="[1248,1349,1578,1604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Millettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974B99F9EFFAE7F9BD" box="[1248,1349,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Millettia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974FC4F98BFE85F99E" box="[189,295,1614,1639]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Putranjivaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974FC4F98BFE85F99E" box="[189,295,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Drypetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on leaves of understorey saplings, M.J. Lawes leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974CDAF988FBE1F99E" box="[931,1091,1613,1640]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-05-30">30 May 1999</date>
(V7403); Ongoye Forest, west-central portion,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974EC5F9B5FDE1F973" box="[444,579,1648,1674]" degrees="28.8417" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.8417">28.8417° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974D2BF9B5FD79F972" box="[594,731,1648,1675]" degrees="31.6888" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="31.6888">31.6888° E</geoCoordinate>
, scarp forest, in leaf-litter, G. Davies leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974B98F9B5FAD5F973" box="[1249,1399,1648,1674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-07-27">27 Jul. 2002</date>
(W221); Ongoye Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E97F951FDD4F957" box="[494,630,1684,1710]" degrees="28.8417" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-28.8417">28.8417° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974DFFF956FCB2F957" box="[646,784,1683,1710]" degrees="31.6870" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="31.687">31.6870° E</geoCoordinate>
, scarp forest, on understorey foliage, A. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974EACF972FDD6F928" box="[469,628,1719,1745]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-12-22">22 Dec. 2003</date>
(W3314, W4966); Ongoye Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974B60F972FB32F928" box="[1049,1168,1719,1746]" degrees="28.850" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.85">28.850° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974BE7F972FAB5F928" box="[1182,1303,1719,1745]" degrees="31.733" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="31.733">31.733° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974A5DF972FAD3F928" box="[1316,1393,1719,1746]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, J. Londt leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974E8CF91FFD29F90D" box="[501,651,1754,1780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1988-01-29">29 Jan. 1988</date>
(V6677); Eshowe, Dlinza Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974B67F91FFB36F90D" box="[1054,1172,1754,1780]" degrees="28.892" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-28.892">28.892° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974BD8F91FFABAF90D" box="[1185,1304,1754,1781]" degrees="31.450" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="31.45">31.450° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974A5CF91FFAD3F90D" box="[1317,1393,1754,1781]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, abundant on low vegetation, R. Miller leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974C27F938FC44F8EE" box="[862,998,1789,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1996-01-01">1 Jan. 1996</date>
(
<date id="FF881073674CFF974C8EF938FBEFF8E1" box="[1015,1101,1789,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2895-05">V2895</date>
); Eshowe, Dlinza Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974FC4F8E4FEF3F8C2" box="[189,337,1825,1851]" degrees="28.89743" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-28.89743">28.89743° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E27F8E5FE51F8C2" box="[350,499,1824,1851]" degrees="31.45711" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="31.45711">31.45711° E</geoCoordinate>
, indigenous forest, on understorey foliage, D. Stuart-Fox leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974BA1F8E5FAD5F8C2" box="[1240,1399,1824,1851]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2004-03-25">25 Mar. 2004</date>
(W3320; W3222); Eshowe, Dlinza Forest, near ‘Oval’,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974C43F881FC3DF8A7" box="[826,927,1860,1886]" degrees="28.90" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="-28.9">28.90° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974CD3F886FBB3F8A7" box="[938,1041,1859,1886]" degrees="31.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="31.45">31.45° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674CFF974B62F886FBC7F8A7" box="[1051,1125,1859,1886]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, D. Eckard leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974F8FF8A2FE27F878" box="[246,389,1895,1922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1996-07-25">25 Jul. 1996</date>
(V4020), on
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974D59F8A2FCDAF878" authority=", D. Eckard" authorityName="D. Eckard" box="[544,888,1895,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Tabernaemontana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974D59F8A2FD56F878" box="[544,756,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tabernaemontana</emphasis>
, D. Eckard
</taxonomicName>
leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974CC1F8A2FBE7F878" box="[952,1093,1895,1922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1996-03-05">5 Mar. 1996</date>
(V4018), on fronds of fan palm in forest swamps, D. Eckard leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974DF5F84FFC83F85D" box="[652,801,1930,1957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-01-13">13 Jan. 1997</date>
(V4528), on
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974CC7F84EFB91F85D" box="[958,1075,1931,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974CC7F84EFB91F85D" box="[958,1075,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dracaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf, D. Eckard leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974A54F84FFF5AF831" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-09-04">4 Sep. 1997</date>
(V5267), on
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674CFF974EE2F868FDBAF83E" box="[411,536,1965,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Allophylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674CFF974EE2F868FDBAF83E" box="[411,536,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Allophylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf, D. Eckard leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974C63F86BFC0BF831" box="[794,937,1966,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1997-09-04">4 Sep. 1997</date>
(V5268); Eshowe, Dlinza Forest, near twinspot hide,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974E12F814FE70F812" box="[363,466,2001,2027]" degrees="28.90" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="-28.9">28.90° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674CFF974EA6F815FDEAF812" box="[479,584,2000,2027]" degrees="31.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="31.45">31.45° E</geoCoordinate>
, scarp forest, D. Eckard leg.,
<date id="FF881073674CFF974CDAF815FB96F812" box="[931,1076,2000,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1996-07-25">25 Jul. 1996</date>
(V4019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674BFF904FC4FECEFBF4FD42" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674BFF904FC4FECEFE3BFEDC" blockId="12.[189,409,267,293]" box="[189,409,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0C181DF674BFF904FC4FECEFE3BFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,409,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904FC4FECEFE3BFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,409,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Literature record</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674BFF904FC4FEFFFB73FEAD" blockId="12.[189,1233,313,340]" box="[189,1233,313,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674BFF904FC4FEFFFE36FEAD" box="[189,404,314,340]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674BFF904ED9FEFCFDF1FEAA" box="[416,595,313,339]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kwazulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
, Umbonambi (Kwambonambi) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B42674BFF904CAAFEFCFB66FEAD" author="Connolly M." box="[979,1220,313,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref23445" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly 1939: 145</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674BFF904FC4FEBEFB12FE6C" blockId="12.[189,1200,378,405]" box="[189,1200,378,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904FC4FEBEFC11FE6C" bold="true" box="[189,947,378,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Potentially hybrid material of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674BFF904D40FEBFFCECFE6C" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[569,846,378,405]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904D40FEBFFCECFE6C" bold="true" box="[569,846,378,405]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674BFF904C2FFEBEFC11FE6C" box="[854,947,379,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904CAAFEBFFB12FE6C" bold="true" box="[979,1200,378,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674BFF904CAAFEBFFBEEFE6C" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[979,1100,378,405]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904CAAFEBFFBEEFE6C" bold="true" box="[979,1100,378,405]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674BFF904B2AFEBEFB12FE6C" box="[1107,1200,379,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674BFF904FC4FE6CFBF4FD42" blockId="12.[189,1399,425,699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674BFF904FC4FE6CFE3BFE3A" box="[189,409,425,451]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674BFF904ED0FE6CFDC4FE3A" box="[425,614,425,451]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
: Nkandla Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904C3BFE6CFC78FE3A" box="[834,986,425,451]" degrees="28.72239" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="-28.72239">28.72239° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904C95FE6CFB24FE3D" box="[1004,1158,425,452]" degrees="31.12373" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="31.12373">31.12373° E</geoCoordinate>
, mistbelt forest, on understorey foliage, A. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg.,
<date id="FF881073674BFF904C24FE08FC41FE1E" box="[861,995,461,487]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2004-01-03">3 Jan. 2004</date>
(NMSA W3311); Nkandla Forest, Chibini area,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904E24FE35FE43FDF3" box="[349,481,496,522]" degrees="28.7227" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="-28.7227">28.7227° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904E96FE35FDD7FDF3" box="[495,629,496,522]" degrees="31.1282" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="31.1282">31.1282° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674BFF904DFBFE35FD7CFDF3" box="[642,734,496,522]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
, mistbelt forest, under logs and in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, M. Bursey and T. Nangammbi leg.,
<date id="FF881073674BFF904D00FDD6FCBBFDD4" box="[633,793,531,557]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2003-10-20">20 Oct. 2003</date>
(NMSA W1116; ELM D13805); Nkandla Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904FC4FDF3FE94FDA9" box="[189,310,566,592]" degrees="28.740" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-28.74">28.740° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904E3EFDF3FE60FDA8" box="[327,450,566,593]" degrees="31.125" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="31.125">31.125° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674BFF904EAAFDF3FDD8FDA8" box="[467,634,566,593]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–1100 m</quantity>
, mistbelt
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674BFF904D8AFDF3FC23FDA9" box="[755,897,566,592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904D8AFDF3FC23FDA9" box="[755,897,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, A.C. and W.H. van Bruggen leg.,
<date id="FF881073674BFF904FC4FD9CFEFEFD8A" box="[189,348,601,628]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1964-01-17">17 Jan. 1964</date>
(NMSA V6960); Nkandla Forest, Mdonini area,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904CC7FD9CFBF7FD8A" box="[958,1109,601,628]" degrees="28.74531" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="-28.74531">28.74531° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904B1EFD9CFAA3FD8D" box="[1127,1281,601,628]" degrees="31.13567" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="31.13567">31.13567° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674BFF904A6BFD9CFAD3FD8D" box="[1298,1393,601,628]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
, mistbelt forest, under logs and in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, M. Bursey and T. Nangammbi leg.,
<date id="FF881073674BFF904A64FDB8FF5AFD43" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2003-10-21">21 Oct. 2003</date>
(NMSA W1184); Nkandla Forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904DEDFD65FCA8FD43" box="[660,778,672,698]" degrees="28.733" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-28.733">28.733° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025074674BFF904C6EFD65FC29FD43" box="[791,907,672,698]" degrees="31.117" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="31.117">31.117° E</geoCoordinate>
(NMSA A8167).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674BFF924FC4FD24FB0AFC19" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674BFF904FC4FD24FEECFD02" blockId="12.[189,334,737,763]" box="[189,334,737,763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0C181DF674BFF904FC4FD24FEECFD02" bold="true" box="[189,334,737,763]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904FC4FD24FEECFD02" bold="true" box="[189,334,737,763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674BFF914FC4FCD5FD0EFE76" blockId="12.[189,1399,784,1057]" lastBlockId="13.[189,1398,267,399]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
SHELL (
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674BFF904E6AFCD5FEFBFCD3" box="[275,345,784,810]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,1138,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,1132,1888]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 24.8 mm (NMSA P0353/T4061). E–F. Ongoye Forest, juvenile specimens with angular periphery (paratypes, NMSA W9692/T4046), diameter 17.5 mm and 16.0 mm, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827207/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Lenticular to globose-lenticular, spire remaining relatively prominent; periphery at midwhorl, weakly angled in adults, more strongly so in juveniles; H:D 0.61–0.70 (N=25); suture shallowly indented, inserting at or slightly above periphery; thin, translucent, milky-white to pale buff, with a thin red-brown line just above periphery; surface silky, with little lustre. Protoconch large, diameter
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674BFF904A3AFCBCFEBAFC4E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.2">2.2– 2.7 mm</quantity>
(N=20); junction with teleoconch weakly marked; essentially smooth, but bearing faint, closeset, microspiral sculpture. Teleoconch of up to 3.5 whorls; coiling relatively tight, whorls not expanding rapidly; sculptured by weak growth-lines and exceptionally fine and close-set, microscopic spiral lines resembling those on protoconch; later whorls also with microscopic axial sculpture of a similar nature, giving surface its lustreless sheen. Umbilicus narrow, mostly obscured by reflected upper portion of columella lip. Aperture roundly and obliquely lunate. Diameter up to
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674AFF914C90FEEBFBF6FEB0" box="[1001,1108,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="26.3">26.3 mm</quantity>
;
<typeStatus id="548D8811674AFF914B19FEEBFB68FEB1" box="[1120,1226,302,328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, diameter
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674AFF914A3AFEEAFF4CFE95" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="24.8">24.8 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674AFF914E3EFE97FE13FE95" box="[327,433,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
; specimens from inland localities smaller than those from coastal lowland and dune forest (diameter usually less than
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674AFF914D31FEB0FD02FE76" box="[584,672,373,399]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49663B674BFF904FC4F84FFD75F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827207/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[193,1394,1138,1882]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674BFF904FC4F84FFD75F812" blockId="12.[189,1399,1930,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904FC4F84FFEACF85C" bold="true" box="[189,270,1930,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674BFF904E60F84FFD97F85D" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,565,1930,1956]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904E60F84FFD97F85D" box="[281,565,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674BFF904D39F84EFD3CF85C" box="[576,670,1931,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904DD0F84FFD40F85D" bold="true" box="[681,738,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A–D</emphasis>
. Holotype, diameter 24.8 mm (NMSA P0353/T4061).
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674BFF904FC4F86BFF53F831" bold="true" box="[189,241,1966,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E–F</emphasis>
. Ongoye Forest, juvenile specimens with angular periphery (paratypes, NMSA W9692/T4046), diameter 17.5 mm and 16.0 mm, respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674AFF914FC4FE72FAFFFD5A" blockId="13.[189,1399,438,676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
LIVING ANIMAL (
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674AFF914E01FE73FE62FE29" box="[376,448,438,465]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[190,1399,1097,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1399,1094,1888]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., living animals. A. Maphelane, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 18.3 mm (NMSA P0391). B. Enseleni, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 12.6 mm (NMSA W4705). C–D. Ongoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 17.0 mm (NMSA P0386)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827209/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Head-foot greyish-white to greyish-brown, with minute cream-white pigment granules; dorsal neck and tail regions sometimes slightly darker; tentacles and optic retractor muscles usually darker grey; coloration of body lobes of mantle similar to head-foot; shell lobes slender and elongate; caudal appendage dark grey to black. Lining of pulmonary cavity weakly speckled with irregular black markings (less obvious in specimens from dune forest) and scattered cream spots, usually more dense beneath peripheral red-brown line of shell; pulmonary venation often conspicuous. Spire viscera brown with irregular cream markings and reticulate threads, more dense in inland specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674AFF914FC4FD09FC31FC6C" blockId="13.[189,1399,715,917]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
RADULA (
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674AFF914E52FD0EFED4FD1C" box="[299,374,715,741]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,1117,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,1113,1890]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., radula (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner left marginal teeth. D. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B–D = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827211/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Formula R+(18–20)+(1–2)+(100–110); rachidian tricuspid, anterior margin of shaft base poorly defined; laterals essentially bicuspid with a mesocone and strong basal ectocone, but also with a minute endocone on side of mesocone; laterals followed by 1–2 teeth of intermediate shape and then a very long series of marginals; marginals curved with a large terminal cusp and a weak subterminal one on outer (concave) margin; shaft lacking serrations; marginals progressively decreasing in size toward edge of radula, but otherwise morphologically similar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674AFF914FC4FC78FAD5FC03" blockId="13.[189,1399,956,1018]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
DISTAL GENITALIA (
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674AFF914EEDFC79FE48FC2E" box="[404,490,956,983]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[201,1395,1031,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,1012,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Genital tract (minus ovotestis). B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath revealing stimulator and sinuous penis. C. Spermatophore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827213/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A–B). Penis tightly looped inside a short sheath situated on top of enlarged genital atrium; penis divided into two portions separated by a constriction in mid-region; lumen wall
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49663B674AFF914FC4F84FFBC7F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827209/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[190,1399,1097,1886]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674AFF914FC4F84FFBC7F812" blockId="13.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674AFF914FC4F84FFEA9F85D" bold="true" box="[189,267,1930,1956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674AFF914E6AF84FFD89F85D" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[275,555,1930,1956]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674AFF914E6AF84FFD89F85D" box="[275,555,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674AFF914D4AF84FFD32F85D" box="[563,656,1930,1956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, living animals.
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674AFF914C2AF84FFCCAF85D" bold="true" box="[851,872,1930,1956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
. Maphelane, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 18.3 mm (NMSA P0391).
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674AFF914D70F868FDBFF83E" bold="true" box="[521,541,1965,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
. Enseleni, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 12.6 mm (NMSA W4705).
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674AFF914FC4F815FF54F813" bold="true" box="[189,246,2000,2026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C–D</emphasis>
. Ongoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 17.0 mm (NMSA P0386).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36749FF924FC4FECEFAF9FD35" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">of apical half with longitudinal folds, that of lower portion with close-set micropapillae; no penis papilla or verge evident at constriction. Epiphallus short; caecum well developed, more or less equal to epiphallus in length, somewhat curved, distal portion broader with bluntly rounded apex, not internally compartmentalised in this region; lumen wall with two raised longitudinal ridges and additional fine folds; caecum arising very close to penis apex and retractor muscle; epiphallus, caecum and penis apex forming a triple junction. Basal part of flagellum (f1) comprising ± 1 whorl, with distinct transverse internal structure; f2 slender, considerably longer than f1, variously curved but not convoluted; some evidence of chalky material inside proximal epiphallus; vas deferens slender and relatively short. Genital atrium greatly enlarged above lateral insertion of vagina; apical region containing a long, welldeveloped stimulator; lining of basal portion of atrium with low folds and a raised longitudinal pilaster running to base of stimulator; vagina short; gametolytic sac thin-walled and ovate to pyriform, often narrowing apically, gametolytic duct of moderate length; base of free oviduct swollen, dark charcoalgrey to black in fresh specimens; spermoviduct divided into distinct prostatic and oviductal portions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36749FF924FC4FD36FB0AFC19" blockId="14.[189,1398,755,993]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
SPERMATOPHORE (
<figureCitation id="130D2A366749FF924EFAFD36FE50FCF4" box="[387,498,755,781]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[201,1395,1031,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,1012,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Genital tract (minus ovotestis). B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath revealing stimulator and sinuous penis. C. Spermatophore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827213/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). Elbowed, with a cylindrical capsule (length approx.
<quantity id="4CCE9B566749FF924BFCFD36FB46FCF7" box="[1157,1252,755,782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
) and a long coiled tail; proximal part of tail smooth, followed by two rows of stout branching spines spiralling around tail; primary row extending for ± 1.25 coils; spines in mid-region larger and more complexly branched; a shorter, secondary row of approx. 10 spines on opposite side of proximal part of spinose region, these initially similar to those of primary row, but distal 4–5 smaller and with fewer branches; spines of primary row flabellate, terminating in stout, V-shaped bifurcations, the tips pointed and somewhat curved; distal third of tail lacking spines, very slender and variously curved or coiled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF49663B6749FF924FC4F84EFCECF815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827211/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[189,232,1931,1957]" targetBox="[192,1396,1117,1887]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36749FF924FC4F84EFCECF815" blockId="14.[189,1398,1931,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16749FF924FC4F84EFEACF85C" bold="true" box="[189,270,1931,1957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306749FF924E60F84EFD96F85C" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,564,1931,1957]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16749FF924E60F84EFD96F85C" box="[281,564,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6749FF924D46F849FD02F85F" box="[575,672,1932,1958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, radula (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062).
<emphasis id="B942EAA16749FF924BDAF84EFB1AF85C" bold="true" box="[1187,1208,1931,1957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
. Rachidian and left lateral teeth.
<emphasis id="B942EAA16749FF924EF2F86BFE3DF831" bold="true" box="[395,415,1966,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth.
<emphasis id="B942EAA16749FF924CF8F86BFC34F831" bold="true" box="[897,918,1966,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
. Inner left marginal teeth.
<emphasis id="B942EAA16749FF924BA5F86BFB53F831" bold="true" box="[1244,1265,1966,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B–D = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32C65386748FF934FC4FECEFD02FE81" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36748FF934FC4FECEFE17FEDF" blockId="15.[189,437,267,294]" box="[189,437,267,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934FC4FECEFEF4FEDC" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130D2A366748FF934E1FFECEFE0EFEDF" box="[358,428,267,294]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[190,233,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[298,1292,593,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[292,1295,593,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Distribution of Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. (triangles), Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov. (squares), and Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov. (cross). The population at Nkandla marked ‘?’ is a potentially hybrid population with shell characters resembling K. piperatus sp. nov., but with genitalia resembling K. vittarubra sp. nov. Contours at 1000 and 1500 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827205/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36748FF934FC4FEFFFD02FE81" blockId="15.[189,1399,314,376]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Endemic to the coastal region of northern
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516748FF934DD2FEFFFCC4FEAD" box="[683,870,314,340]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
, from Eshowe to just south of Sodwana Bay; at altitudes between sea-level and
<specimenCount id="9D30FD3A6748FF934D36FE98FD02FE81" box="[591,672,349,376]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCE9B566748FF934D36FE98FD3EFE81" box="[591,668,349,376]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C65386748FF934FC4FE5BFD9CFDF3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36748FF934FC4FE5BFEBFFE41" blockId="15.[189,285,414,440]" box="[189,285,414,440]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0C181DF6748FF934FC4FE5BFEBFFE41" bold="true" box="[189,285,414,440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934FC4FE5BFEBFFE41" bold="true" box="[189,285,414,440]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36748FF934FC4FE08FD9CFDF3" blockId="15.[189,1398,461,522]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Scarp Forest and Northern Coastal Forest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B426748FF934DC8FE08FC5BFE11" author="Mucina L. &amp; Rutherford M. C." box="[689,1017,461,488]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref24274" refString="Mucina L. &amp; Rutherford M. C. (eds) 2006. The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
); living on leaves of understorey vegetation, sometimes abundant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C65386748FF8C4FC4FDF7FDA9FC8B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36748FF934FC4FDF7FE8DFDB5" blockId="15.[189,303,562,588]" box="[189,303,562,588]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0C181DF6748FF934FC4FDF7FE8DFDB5" bold="true" box="[189,303,562,588]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934FC4FDF7FE8DFDB5" bold="true" box="[189,303,562,588]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36748FF8C4FC4FDA5FAA0FE2F" blockId="15.[189,1399,608,952]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1399,267,470]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Typical specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306748FF934EB0FDA5FD46FD83" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[457,740,608,634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934EB0FDA5FD46FD83" box="[457,740,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6748FF934D89FDA4FCECFD82" box="[752,846,609,635]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from coastal forests in the St Lucia area are relatively distinctive on account of their large, pale, silky textured shells with a narrow brown peripheral spiral line, and the rather limited dark speckling of the pulmonary lining. However, specimens from inland localities (e.g., Dlinza, Enseleni and Ongoye forests) are somewhat smaller (diameter &lt;
<quantity id="4CCE9B566748FF934A6BFD0FFAC8FD1D" box="[1298,1386,714,740]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
), of a more brownish colour and may exhibit some dark speckling of the pulmonary lining. These can be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306748FF934E13FCD4FE59FCD3" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[362,507,785,810]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934E13FCD4FE59FCD3" box="[362,507,785,810]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6748FF934D7BFCD4FDFCFCD3" box="[514,606,785,811]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(above), but in that species the shell has a more rounded periphery, the brown spiral line and suture are situated well above mid-whorl and the protoconch is not so large (
<quantity id="4CCE9B566748FF934FBCFC93FED7FC88" box="[197,373,854,881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.775" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.65">1.65–1.90 mm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="4CCE9B566748FF934EDAFC92FD9BFC88" box="[419,569,855,881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.7 mm</quantity>
). The pigmentation of the pulmonary lining of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306748FF934B01FC92FAAFFC89" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1144,1293,855,880]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934B01FC92FAAFFC89" box="[1144,1293,855,880]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6748FF934A6EFC92FAD4FC89" box="[1303,1398,855,881]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also darker and more dense. Further differences are evident in the distal genitalia and behaviour, specifically the genital atrium of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306748FF934D31FC5BFD79FC4E" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[584,731,926,951]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934D31FC5BFD79FC4E" box="[584,731,926,951]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6748FF934D9AFC5BFCE3FC4E" box="[739,833,926,952]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is not enlarged and lacks a stimulator, whereas its epiphallic caecum is proportionately longer in relation to the epiphallus than is that of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4BA4FEC9FAD4FEDC" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1245,1398,267,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4BA4FEC9FAD4FEDC" box="[1245,1398,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6757FF8C4FC4FEEAFEB4FEB0" box="[189,278,303,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
In terms of behaviour,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4D5BFEEAFD10FEB1" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[546,690,303,328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4D5BFEEAFD10FEB1" box="[546,690,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6757FF8C4DC1FEEAFCB3FEB0" box="[696,785,303,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is primarily an inhabitant of the forest floor, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4FC4FE96FEF9FE95" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,347,338,364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4FC4FE96FEF9FE95" box="[189,347,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6757FF8C4E1EFE97FE64FE95" box="[359,454,338,364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lives mostly on the leaves of understorey vegetation during the wet season, retreating to the leaf-litter only to aestivate during the dry winter months. Over-wintering animals are of intermediate size (shell diameter
<quantity id="4CCE9B566757FF8C4D08FE5DFD55FE4A" box="[625,759,408,435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17–18 mm</quantity>
), suggesting that the life cycle extends over two wet seasons. The distribution data available thus far indicate that the two species do not co-occur.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49663B6748FF934FC4F84CFDD9F810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827213/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[201,1395,1031,1866]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36748FF934FC4F84CFDD9F810" blockId="15.[189,1399,1929,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934FC4F84CFEBAF85A" bold="true" box="[189,280,1929,1955]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306748FF934E64F84CFD91F85A" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[285,563,1929,1955]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934E64F84CFD91F85A" box="[285,563,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6748FF934D40F84FFD36F85D" box="[569,660,1930,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, genitalia and spermatophore (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062).
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934FC4F869FF70F83F" bold="true" box="[189,210,1964,1990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
. Genital tract (minus ovotestis).
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934D2AF868FDC5F83E" bold="true" box="[595,615,1965,1991]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath revealing stimulator and sinuous penis.
<emphasis id="B942EAA16748FF934EE5F80AFE13F810" bold="true" box="[412,433,1999,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
. Spermatophore.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4FE38FA9AFDA4" blockId="16.[189,1399,509,606]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The above notwithstanding, material collected in Nkandla Forest appears to be intermediate. The shell shape and coloration (
<figureCitation id="130D2A366757FF8C4EC2FDE5FDBAFDC3" box="[443,536,544,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1861,1887]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,1001,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,994,1820]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 18.6 mm (NMSA A8172/T4057). E. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.4 mm (paratype, NMSA V2360/T4055). F. Ngome Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). G. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W9365/T4049). H. Possible K. piperatus × vittarubra hybrid, Nkandla Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (NMSA W1116)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827195/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
), and body colour are close to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4CA1FDE4FBCAFDC3" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[984,1128,545,570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4CA1FDE4FBCAFDC3" box="[984,1128,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6757FF8C4B14FDE4FB64FDC2" box="[1133,1222,545,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, yet the genital atrium is enlarged and contains a stimulator. The possibility exists that this is a hybrid population.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4FD40FDA9FC8B" blockId="16.[189,1399,645,882]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
To date this species has been identified with
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4DB1FD40FC6EFD67" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[712,972,645,671]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inunctus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4DB1FD40FC6EFD67" box="[712,972,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kerkophorus inunctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B426757FF8C4CA2FD40FB32FD66" author="Connolly M." box="[987,1168,645,671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref23445" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B426757FF8C4BE5FD40FF5FFD3B" author="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref23985" refString="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N. 2004. Field Guide to the Land Snails and Slugs of Eastern South Africa. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg." type="book" year="2004">Herbert &amp; Kilburn 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Although of a large size and similarly silky, that species occurs primarily to the south of Durban, has a less elevated spire, and a more rapidly expanding and more evenly rounded body whorl in which the brown spiral line lies well above the periphery.
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4C66FD2AFC04FCF1" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[799,934,751,776]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inunctus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4C66FD2AFC04FCF1" box="[799,934,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. inunctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4C93FD2AFB27FCF1" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1002,1157,750,776]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4C93FD2AFB27FCF1" box="[1002,1157,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6757FF8C4BF4FD2AFB4BFCF0" box="[1165,1257,751,777]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and several other
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4E7AFCD4FE3EFCD2" baseAuthorityName="Herbert" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[259,412,785,811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4E7AFCD4FE3EFCD2" box="[259,412,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kerkophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from central and southern
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516757FF8C4C3BFCD4FC58FCD2" box="[834,1018,785,811]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4B30FCD7FE20FCB6" authority="(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phaedimus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4B30FCD7FB4EFCD2" box="[1097,1260,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. phaedimus</emphasis>
(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4EC2FCF0FC26FCB6" authority="(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1908))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[443,900,821,847]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitalis">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4EC2FCF0FD84FCB6" box="[443,550,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. vitalis</emphasis>
(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1908))
</taxonomicName>
, possesses an enlarged genital atrium with a well-developed stimulator.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C65386757FF8C4FC4FC5CFC22FB6B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4FC5CFEC7FC4A" blockId="16.[189,357,921,947]" box="[189,357,921,947]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0C181DF6757FF8C4FC4FC5CFEC7FC4A" bold="true" box="[189,357,921,947]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4FC4FC5CFEC7FC4A" bold="true" box="[189,357,921,947]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Conservation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4FC0DFC22FB6B" blockId="16.[189,1399,968,1170]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4EDAFC0DFD19FC1B" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[419,699,968,994]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4EDAFC0DFD19FC1B" box="[419,699,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6757FF8C4DBAFC0DFCBCFC1B" box="[707,798,968,994]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
extends for approximately
<quantity id="4CCE9B566757FF8C4B1AFC0DFB1EFC1B" box="[1123,1212,968,994]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
along the coast and coastal hinterland of central and southern Zululand. In this region it occurs in a number of formal conservation areas, including Ongoye, Dlinza and Enseleni nature reserves managed by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, as well as the southern part of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park World Heritage Site. Though not wide-ranging, its habitat is thus afforded a relatively high level of protection and the conservation of the species need not currently be viewed as a matter of concern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink