297 lines
33 KiB
XML
297 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="18E7FD97B93CADB91ED65CFC398DE499">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F18C71FBABF8D69B677FDD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729876" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F18C71FBABF8D69B677FDD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F18C71FBABF8D69B677FDD5" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C718BABF8D69B7DAF9B9" blockId="115.[151,1437,1626,2013]" box="[151,692,1626,1653]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BABF8D69B5D5F9B9" bold="true" box="[151,187,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BAEA8D68B7C1F9B9" ID-CoL="6WTG3" ID-ENA="72857" authority="Neumann, 1897" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1897" box="[194,687,1626,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BAEA8D68B49FF9B9" bold="true" box="[194,497,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BBD18D69B7C1F9B9" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[505,687,1627,1653]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="324 - 420" refId="ref235175" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1897) Revision de la famille des ixodides (2 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 324 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173870" type="journal article" year="1897">Neumann, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F18C718B8928D69B60FF8C9" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C718B8928D69B60FF8C9" blockId="115.[151,1437,1626,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718B9598D69B6A8F9B9" box="[881,966,1627,1653]" name="Angola" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718B9D98D69B13EF9B9" box="[1009,1104,1627,1653]" name="Burundi" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718BE528D69B0F6F9B9" box="[1146,1432,1627,1653]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718BA908D4DB720F955" box="[184,590,1663,1689]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718B8568D4DB7A4F955" box="[638,714,1663,1689]" name="Kenya" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718B8D18D4DB63FF955" box="[761,849,1663,1689]" name="Malawi" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718B9A98D4DB176F955" box="[897,1048,1663,1689]" name="Mozambique" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718BE6F8D4DB1C8F955" box="[1095,1190,1663,1689]" name="Rwanda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718BEFD8D4DB007F955" box="[1237,1385,1663,1689]" name="South Sudan" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718BABF8D91B591F971" box="[151,255,1699,1725]" name="Tanzania" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718BB1E8D91B4FEF971" box="[310,400,1699,1725]" name="Uganda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718BBEF8D91B771F971" box="[455,543,1699,1725]" name="Zambia" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 13)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718B8708D91B7BEF971" box="[600,720,1699,1725]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B8F68D91B69CF971" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[734,1010,1699,1725]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B9D58D91B195F971" author="Norval, R. A. I. & Tebele, N." box="[1021,1275,1699,1725]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="3 - 8" refId="ref236767" refString="Norval, R. A. I. & Tebele, N. (1984) The ticks of Zimbabwe. VIII. Rhipicephalus compositus. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 15, 3 - 8." type="journal article" year="1984">Norval & Tebele 1984</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BF2E8D91B0F6F971" author="Walker, J. B." box="[1286,1432,1699,1725]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BABF8DF5B4D8F92D" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." box="[151,438,1735,1761]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref229336" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse & Colbo 1987</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BBE98DF5B738F92D" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[449,598,1735,1761]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B84A8DF5B65AF92D" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[610,820,1735,1761]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B8918DF5B79CF92D" box="[697,754,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2000
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B9688DF5B6A9F92D" author="Morel, P. C." box="[832,967,1735,1761]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B9FA8DF5B18FF92D" author="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M." box="[978,1249,1735,1761]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref191264" refString="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M. (2012) Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / ojvr. v 79 i 1.431" type="journal article" year="2012">ElGhali & Hassan 2012</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BEC58DF5B5BCF8C9" author="Uilenberg, G. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref260920" refString="Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9605 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Uilenberg
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BF4C8DF5B0F3F92D" box="[1380,1437,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BAF58DD9B4DBF8C9" author="Olivieri, E. & Kariuki, E. & Floriano, A. M. & Castelli, M. & Tafesse, Y. M. & Magoga, G. & Kumsa, B. & Montagna, B. & Sassera, D." box="[221,437,1771,1797]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. & Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
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Olivieri
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BB138DD9B41AF8C9" box="[315,372,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BBE88DD9B7CEF8C9" author="Shekede, M. D. & Chikerema, S. M. & Spargo, M. & Gwitira, I. & Kusangaya, S. & Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N." box="[448,672,1771,1797]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253925" refString="Shekede, M. D., Chikerema, S. M., Spargo, M., Gwitira, I., Kusangaya, S., Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N. (2021) Spatial clustering of fourteen tick species across districts of Zimbabwe. BMC Veterinary Research, 17 (article 91), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12917 - 021 - 02792 - 2" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Shekede
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B80E8DD9B730F8C9" box="[550,606,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B8838DD9B63AF8C9" author="Sili, G. & Byaruhanga, C. & Horak, I. & Steyn, H. & Chaisi, M. & Oosthuizen, M. C. & Neves, L." box="[683,852,1771,1797]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1097 - 1102" refId="ref254450" refString="Sili, G., Byaruhanga, C., Horak, I., Steyn, H., Chaisi, M., Oosthuizen, M. C. & Neves, L. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens infecting livestock and dogs in Tchicala-Tcholoanga, Huambo Province, Angola. Parasitology Research, 120, 1097 - 1102. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 020 - 07009 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Sili
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B8F18DD9B67FF8C9" box="[729,785,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F18C71FBAEF8C3DB677FDD5" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C718BAEF8C3DB643F880" blockId="115.[151,1437,1626,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
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Several records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BBB18C3DB7D0F8E4" box="[409,702,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BBB18C3DB7D0F8E4" box="[409,702,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
have been published under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BE4C8C3DB024F8E4" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1933" box="[1124,1354,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BE4C8C3DB024F8E4" box="[1124,1354,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephallus ayrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BAD48C01B74CF880" box="[252,546,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BAD48C01B74CF880" box="[252,546,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B86D8C01B648F881" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[581,806,1843,1869]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B8B48C01B7BAF881" box="[668,724,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C71FBAEF8C65B69DFED1" blockId="115.[151,1437,1626,2013]" lastBlockId="116.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BAEF8C65B49EF8BC" box="[199,496,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BAEF8C65B49EF8BC" box="[199,496,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718B93B8C65B170F8BC" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[787,1054,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B93B8C65B170F8BC" box="[787,1054,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BE738C65B01DF8BD" authorityName="Feldman-Muhsam" authorityYear="1960" box="[1115,1395,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertrudae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BE738C65B01DF8BD" box="[1115,1395,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus gertrudae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as noted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BADF8C49B4BBF859" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[247,469,1915,1941]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BB658C49B4EBF859" box="[333,389,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B8228C49B7CCF859" author="Morel, P. C." box="[522,674,1915,1941]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B8D98C49B175F859" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." box="[753,1051,1915,1941]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref229336" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse & Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the difficulties involved in separating adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BBB18CADB7D1F874" box="[409,703,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BBB18CADB7D1F874" box="[409,703,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718B8E58CADB6A0F875" authorityName="Morel" authorityYear="1965" box="[717,974,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliffordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B8E58CADB6A0F875" box="[717,974,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus cliffordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718B9F58CADB071F875" authorityName="Santos Dias" authorityYear="1953" box="[989,1311,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudolongus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B9F58CADB071F875" box="[989,1311,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus pseudolongus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BF7E8CADB438F811" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BF7E8CADB43CF811" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longus">Rhipicephalus longus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BB778CF1B70BF811" author="Uilenberg, G. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J." box="[351,613,1987,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref260920" refString="Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Pena, A. & Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9605 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Uilenberg
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BBFF8CF1B77CF811" box="[471,530,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that morphological separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BE1D8CF1B033F810" box="[1077,1373,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BE1D8CF1B033F810" box="[1077,1373,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FBABF8BA5B4F6FF7D" authorityName="Morel" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,408,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliffordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBABF8BA5B4F6FF7D" box="[151,408,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus cliffordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extremely difficult. Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB91A8BA5B138FF7D" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[818,1110,151,177]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Guglielmone
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FB9E38BA5B16AFF7D" box="[971,1028,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cautioned that the redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FBACF8B89B762FF18" box="[231,524,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBACF8B89B762FF18" box="[231,524,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB8078B89B656FF19" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." box="[559,824,187,213]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 555" refId="ref191120" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 c) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume III. Genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de I ' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (147), 1 - 555." type="journal article" year="1966">Elbl & Anastos (1966c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differs from the redescriptions of this tick in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBF198B89B468FF35" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBFA08B89B5DAFF35" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and other authors. For these reasons, several records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FB9A98BEDB1C9FF34" box="[897,1191,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FB9A98BEDB1C9FF34" box="[897,1191,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered tentative, casting doubt on the extent of this species’ geographic distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1FC71FBAEF8A15B13EFEA8" blockId="116.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FBBAF8A15B7C0FE8C" box="[391,686,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBBAF8A15B7C0FE8C" box="[391,686,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB8FE8A15B604FE8D" box="[726,874,295,321]" name="Mozambique" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB9D48A15B1F8FE8D" author="Morel, P. C." box="[1020,1174,295,321]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who validated several records of Santos Dias, some of them published under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FB9418A79B13EFEA8" box="[873,1104,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FB9418A79B122FEA8" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1933" box="[873,1100,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayrei">Rhipicephalus ayrei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1FC71FBAEF8A5DB677FDD5" blockId="116.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548465E20F1FC71FBAD58A5DB431FE45" box="[253,351,367,393]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FBBA38A5DB7DDFE44" box="[395,691,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBBA38A5DB7DDFE44" box="[395,691,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was allegedly collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F1FC71FB9DB8A5DB10BFE45" box="[1011,1125,367,393]" country="Sudan" name="Al Khartoum" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Khartoum</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBE5F8A5DB1ACFE45" box="[1143,1218,367,393]" name="Sudan" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBF2F8A5DB58CFE61" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBF498A5DB0F3FE45" box="[1377,1437,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believed that the type locality is erroneous because the climate there is unsuitable for the development of this species. Accordingly, we do not include
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB84B8A85B7C7FE1D" box="[611,681,439,465]" name="Sudan" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
within the range of this tick.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB9D38A85B062FE1D" author="Bergeon, P. & Balis, J." box="[1019,1292,439,465]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="285 - 299" refId="ref177046" refString="Bergeon, P. & Balis, J. (1974) Contribution a l'etude de la repartition des tiques en Ethiopie (enquete effectuee de 1965 a 1969). Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 27, 285 - 299." type="journal article" year="1974">Bergeon & Balis (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FBB0A8AE9B726FE38" box="[290,584,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compositus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBB0A8AE9B726FE38" box="[290,584,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus compositus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB8478AE9B7BFFE39" box="[623,721,475,501]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB9228AE9B6CCFE39" author="Morel, P. C." box="[778,930,475,501]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref232201" refString="Morel, P. C. (1980) Study on Ethiopian ticks. Institut de l'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Paris, 332 pp." type="book" year="1980">Morel (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found errors in specimen identification, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBABF8ACDB598FDD5" box="[151,246,511,537]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is also not included within the range of this tick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |