311 lines
39 KiB
XML
311 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74767cee-040d-4554-bf9c-6ba4177b39cf" ID-PMC="PMC8683394" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1076-151" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" ID-PubMed="35002358" ID-ZooBank="7B4E12710B60450480B368028E4B1AD6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1076-151" checkinTime="1639109995037" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Izumi, Takato & Fujii, Takuma" docDate="2021" docId="3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1076: 151-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1076" docPubDate="2021-12-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025" docTitle="Edwardsianthus gilbertensis Carlgren 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" masterDocTitle="Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1668151217259" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Izumi, Takato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">iz.takato@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fujii, Takuma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kagoshima City Aquarium, 3 - 1 Honko-shinmachi, Kagoshima, 892 - 0814, Japan & International Center for Island Studies Amami Station, Kagoshima University, 15 - 1 Naze-Minatomachi, Amami, Kagoshima 894 - 0026, Japan & The Kagoshima University Museum, 1 - 21 - 30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 - 0065, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-12-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1076</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1076-151</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7B4E12710B60450480B368028E4B1AD6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3736F243-4389-5DFF-BA57-229A0452E87E" authority="Carlgren, 1931" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">Edwardsianthus gilbertensis Carlgren, 1931</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cnidae of Edwardsianthus species A-E E. pudicus (NSMT-Co 1702) A 1 spirocyst in tentacle; A 2 basitrich in tentacle B 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx B 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx B 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx C basitrich in nemathybome D basitrich in column E 1 small basitrich in filament E 2 large basitrich in filament E 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament F-J E. gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527) F 1 spirocyst in tentacle F 2 basitrich in tentacle G 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx G 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx G 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx H basitrich in nemathybome I basitrich in nemathybome J 1 basitrich in filament J 2 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament K-O E. carbunculus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 05954) K 1 spirocyst in tentacle K 2 basitrich in tentacle L 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx L 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx M 1 small basitrich in nemathybome M 2 large basitrich in nemathybome N basitrich in column O 1 small basitrich in filament O 2 large basitrich in filament O 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621138" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Japanese name: minami-mushimodoki-ginchaku: Uchida & Soyama, 2001 Figs 3F-J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">Edwardsia gilbertensis</taxonomicName>
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Carlgren, 1931: 10-12, figs 7-9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">Edwardsianthus gilbertensis</taxonomicName>
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: England, 1987: 218, 231, fig. 10; Uchida and Soyama, 2001: 49.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-07" collectingDateMax="2016-03-17" collectingDateMin="2013-06-07" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" elevation="1" location="Kensuke Yanagi" municipality="Ishigaki Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">
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CMNH-ZG 06527: dissected specimen, histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2013-06-07">7 June 2013</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<collectingCounty>Kabira Bay</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Ishigaki Island</collectingMunicipality>
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, Okinawa Pref.,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:D36427FA756330E595C595D656D7F619" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Kensuke Yanagi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Kensuke Yanagi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1701: dissected specimens (2 individuals), collected by hand during wading on
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<collectingDate value="2015-03-26">26 March 2015</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:FED82ED4566B5A6D175A82A4966A9D9E" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Funaura Bay" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Funaura Bay</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:04A2B8933BE2DA75EDFA993A463F319E" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Iriomote Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Iriomote Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:A3EA3118DC7E75FA83F1B523CFA96A17" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1781: dissected or whole specimens (3 individuals), collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2015-03-17">17 March 2015</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:E14964E9438FD20142F0C7C4B83B2C68" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Yonaha Bay" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Yonaha Bay</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:720E4FC2A5E315D313F47ADAE31A8B8F" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Miyako Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Miyako Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:34C783D8AED4C19601157479045E479A" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1782: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2014-03-19">19 March 2014</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:D1310A4F74FBBF2EB96BFD5A3ECE9987" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Kataburu Beach" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Kataburu Beach</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:481D4E783E28E67109544F7B208E4007" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Yonaguni Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Yonaguni Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:62066EC26A953901A3C2F059278340D8" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1783: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2015-03-23">23 March 2015</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:894E2F8A4785FD75DB752F41A280A9AF" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Kataburu Beach" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Kataburu Beach</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:B368C52129AC9C8E25322D902888CAE3" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Yonaguni Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Yonaguni Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:8A6FBBC00828B69E6E5FBBD5FBB8ED5F" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1784-NSMT-Co 1789: whole or dissected specimens, collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2016-03-17">17 March 2016</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:0EDB6D41E0E152757D9BD428819F6473" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Kataburu Beach" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Kataburu Beach</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:6760B5CD778D4A62B53A8F3487141399" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Yonaguni Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Yonaguni Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:8B33F1E480C0372AA9B61EC149E50F54" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1790: dissected specimens (3 individuals), collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2015-03-24">24 March 2015</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:E125C15702B50C04107C9DBC3ED4E79E" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Higawa Bay" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Higawa Bay</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:D4659435A5C361EA95B163093EC469A2" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Yonaguni Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Yonaguni Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:BDE0A7B2D6A913E529CFF9A932263DB7" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1791: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2014-09-23">23 September 2014</collectingDate>
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:5772D28AFD1C491C522FEDE875DDB5C7" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Senaga Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Senaga Island</location>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:3C7A5173A14A5CBFF9EB44B1113F67AE" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1792: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, collected by wading on
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<collectingDate value="2014-09-21">21 September 2014</collectingDate>
|
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from the intertidal zone of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:C17EAD872B423F2C2AABAF3E68FDCE2E" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Yagaji Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Yagaji Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:AAE4D7DBEF60EED7F74462AC66EC227D" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Takato Izumi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Takato Izumi</location>
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; NSMT-Co 1793: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, collected by hand during snorkeling on
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-11-09">9 November 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
from
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:0104AE8C7B4482D8BC3EE83D131AEFA9" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Shio-michi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Shio-michi</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E:6E01510E8EEAF428ACA7405056AC882D" country="Japan" county="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki Island" name="Kikai Island" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Kikai Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, by Takato Izumi
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">External anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
.
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</emphasis>
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Size: preserved specimens ca. 20-60 mm in whole length, and 2.5-3.5 mm in width, with worm-like form, and equal width along whole body. Column: consisting of capitulum, scapus, and physa. The distal-most part capitulum, translucent or opaque gray in color in living specimens, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with thick periderm-like cuticle, brownish orange in color, both in living and preserved specimens, and with tiny, pale white in color, more or less in 8 rows nemathybomes. Aboral end apparent physa (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles; inner tentacles four or five and outer 10-15, opaque whitish gray in color in living animals (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
; this color is lost in preserved specimen), without acrospheres. Inner tentacles slender, ca. 1 mm in length, and outer ones long, slender, short, with sparse white spots on surface, 2-3 mm in length. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, a little swollen.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Internal anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end, and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Approximately seven to twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, distinct and diffused (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), pennon-like, consist of ca. 15-35 simple or slightly branched muscular processes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parietal muscles: distinctly developed, leaf-like shape elongated along mesenteries, with ca. ten simple or slightly branched muscular processes in each side (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoel. Actinopharynx short, limited in uppermost part (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), without siphonoglyph. Tentacular circular muscle indistinct, and longitudinal muscle distinct, ectodermal. Mesoglea thickest in body wall (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and comparatively thick in tentacles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but thinner in mesenteries and parietal muscles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nemathybomes protruding from mesoglea (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue not attached to retractor muscles, distinct, but no mature gametocyte. Zooxanthellae sparsely distributed on endoderm of mesenteries (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Cnidom</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Basitrichs, spirocysts, and microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores. See Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cnidae of Edwardsianthus species A-E E. pudicus (NSMT-Co 1702) A 1 spirocyst in tentacle; A 2 basitrich in tentacle B 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx B 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx B 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx C basitrich in nemathybome D basitrich in column E 1 small basitrich in filament E 2 large basitrich in filament E 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament F-J E. gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527) F 1 spirocyst in tentacle F 2 basitrich in tentacle G 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx G 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx G 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx H basitrich in nemathybome I basitrich in nemathybome J 1 basitrich in filament J 2 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament K-O E. carbunculus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 05954) K 1 spirocyst in tentacle K 2 basitrich in tentacle L 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx L 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx M 1 small basitrich in nemathybome M 2 large basitrich in nemathybome N basitrich in column O 1 small basitrich in filament O 2 large basitrich in filament O 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621138" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3F-J</figureCitation>
|
||
and Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Cnidoms of the species of Edwardsianthus pudicus, Edwardsianthus gilbertensis and Edwardsianthus carbunculus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5BB6644B0DE4EC9F26126681447C52B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="5BB6644B0DE4EC9F26126681447C52B5">4</tableCitation>
|
||
for sizes and distributions of cnidae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
External and internal morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsianthus gilbertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
outer view of preserved specimen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
longitudinal section of oral end
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of nemathybome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of column in lower part;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C, E, F</emphasis>
|
||
); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsia gilbertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati (Carlgren, 1931), and there have been several reports from other localities in the tropical/subtropical zone in the Pacific (Fautin, 2013). However, there were no records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. gilbertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Japan except for a fieldguide (Uchida & Soyama, 2001), which reported this species from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki Island. In this research we discovered many individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. gilbertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
living not only in the intertidal zone of Kabira Bay in Ishigaki Island (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (CMNH-ZG 06527 except for B) A outer view of preserved specimen B oral view of living specimen with 18 tentacles in the habitat C longitudinal section of oral end D transverse section of nemathybome E transverse section of column in lower part; F. Enlarged view of transverse section of mesenteries. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; cap, capitulum; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; ne, nemathybomes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, E, F); 100 µm (D). Photograph B by Kensuke Yanagi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621139" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but also across a broad area of the Nansei Islands, from Kikai Island, Amami Islands (Kagoshima Pref.) to Yonaguni Island, Yaeyama Islands (Okinawa Pref.). The morphological features of these specimens almost completely correspond to the original description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv fuer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B5" refString="Carlgren, O, 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv fuer Zoologi 23: 1 - 48" title="Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria." volume="23" year="1931">Carlgren (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6.5 cm in length and 0.2 cm in width in fixed specimens; 16-20 tentacles; nemathybomes more or less in rows; 20-30 muscular processes on retractors. The cnidom of our specimen also agrees well with the original description, especially concerning the point that there is only one type of cnidae, "31-41
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2)2.5(3)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µ”">µ"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in size (Carlgren, 1931) in the nemathybomes. Thus, it is confirmed that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus gilbertensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilbertensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsianthus gilbertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed in the southern islands of Japan including Ishigaki Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |