treatments-xml/data/37/12/87/371287B6EB31FF9FBCD2FD5CFB55FAFD.xml

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<mods:title id="8FD93AC4F2ED70DD3771780BEB73A21E">Miliusa gokhalaei, a new species of Annonaceae from India with notes on interrelationships, population structure and conservation status</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="331BAEB861F77229A5C5B845278654D2">Ratheesh Narayanan, M. K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1D4DF2A545AAF27C3EB7181DF0893EB1">Community Agrobiodiversity Centre, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Puthoorvayal, Kalpetta, Wayanad, Kerala - 673 121, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="995D8142A5D392E0813FA6E804812ED2">Anil Kumar, P. Sujanapal N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1ED48142CC5004973985223AEA62838B">Sivadasan, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="67BDF4D634A321595F924B780927BDCD">Department of Botany &amp; Microbiology, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="02C7CF36C47B09EC12E146F8DA4E184F">Alfarhan, Ahmed H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D819FF7EB7B22D18F55C49F254E2A8AE">Department of Botany &amp; Microbiology, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="674F1F5F94D69348018EB0FF554262BA">Department of Botany &amp; Microbiology, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB31FF98BCD2FD5CFC00FD31" authority="Ratheesh, Sujanapal, Anil Kumar &amp; Sivadasan" authorityName="Ratheesh, Sujanapal, Anil Kumar &amp; Sivadasan" box="[151,953,691,718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gokhalaei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB31FF98BCD2FD5CFED7FD32" bold="true" box="[151,366,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Miliusa gokhalaei</emphasis>
Ratheesh, Sujanapal, Anil Kumar &amp; Sivadasan
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, 
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<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB31FF98BF83FD5CFBA0FD32" bold="true" box="[966,1049,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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, 
<figureCitation id="27802A25EB31FF98B873FD5BFB3FFD31" box="[1078,1158,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[212,1367,156,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-70@2.[212,1373,153,1907]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Miliusa gokhalaei A. Flowering branch. B. Flower bud. C. Mature flower. D. Flower with petals removed. E. Sepal. F. Outer petal. G. Inner petal, ventral view. H. Inner petal, dorsal view. I. Stamen, lateral view. J. Stamen, ventral view. K. Pistil. L. Infructescence with fruits. Drawings by K. M. Manudev from living specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928174/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB31FF98BCD2FCE9FE87FCE4" box="[151,318,769,792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicae">Miliusa indicae</taxonomicName>
et 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB31FF98BD27FCE9FDF3FCE4" box="[354,586,769,792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="eriocarpae" subSpecies="similis">M. eriocarpae similis</taxonomicName>
foliis petiolatis nervis pubescentibus floribus axillaribus solitariis carpellis 1- vel 2-ovularibus infundibularibus, sed foliorum basi inaequaliter rotundata floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis petalis crasse carnosis carpellis glabris antherae connectivo incluso differt.
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB31FF98BCD2FC8BFF76FC87" bold="true" box="[151,207,867,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Type</emphasis>
:— 
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: 
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: 
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, Vythiri Ghat, 11 
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30' 24.3' 
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, 
<materialsCitation id="0FD33CFDEB31FF98BFFCFC8CFEE7FC67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128937303" collectingDate="2008-09-26" collectionCode="E" country="India" elevation="490" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
76 
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01' 49.1' 
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, 
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, 
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(with flowers)
</materialsCitation>
. 
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&amp; 
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(
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<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB31FF98BF29FC6CFC23FC67" box="[876,922,900,923]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">MH</collectionCode>
, isotypes CAbC- 
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Herbarium, Wayanad 
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, 
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, 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB31FF98BD09FC4CFE34FC47" box="[332,397,932,955]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vj5p-iy27" name="Kerala Forest Research Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">KFRI</collectionCode>
)
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.
</paragraph>
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Evergreen trees, to ca. 
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high; bark black, branches terete, drooping, young parts densely hairy. Leaves simple, alternate, 6.0–12. 0 × 2.5–4. 0 cm, oblong or obovate, glabrous, midrib pubescent below, slightly unequally rounded at base, apex caudate acuminate, subsessile or petiole to 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98B85FFBD0FBE7FBAE" box="[1050,1118,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, membranous; lateral nerves 10–14 pairs, intramarginal nerves sub-marginal, looping; margins entire, slightly curved, thickened. Flowers solitary, pseudo-terminal (slightly above and opposite the terminal leaf) greenish-yellow; pedicel 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98B934FB6DFF7CFB3A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; bracts two, small, ovate; bracteoles two at the base, unequal, ovate-triangular, acute, ca. 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98BCD2FB3AFF48FB10" box="[151,241,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, hairy outside; sepals 3, ca. 1.5 × 2.0 mm, broadly ovate, acute, glabrous; outer petals 3, broadly ovate, acute, hairy on margins, slightly hooded, ca. 2.0 × 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98BF04FB11FC19FAEF" box="[833,928,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; inner petals 3, ovate-lanceolate, 2.0–2.4 × 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98BCD2FAC8FEA7FAC6" box="[151,286,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.3 cm</quantity>
, thick, fleshy, glabrous, thickly hooded on the lower half, cohering when young along margins, greenish-yellow with brown streaks inside; torus ovoid, long hairy; stamens many, 40–50, anthers in pairs, ca. 
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, connective included; staminodes absent; anthers extrorse; carpels 10–15, linear-oblong in outline, slightly curved, ca. 
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long, glabrous; stigma ovoid-acute, about half the height of the ovary, with viscous exudate; ovules 1 or 2. Fruiting stalk terete, 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98BEE4FA52FCB7FA28" box="[673,782,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 mm</quantity>
long; monocarps usually 8–12, each 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98B883FA52FAFDFA28" box="[1222,1348,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
across, obovoid, mammose, apex projecting, more or less obturbinate, glabrous, deep pink; stipe ca. 
<quantity id="78439B45EB31FF98B94AFA09FAECFA07" box="[1295,1365,1505,1531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long. Seeds 1-2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7A1652BEB31FF98BC83F9C6FB96F9B4" box="[198,1071,1582,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB31FF98BC83F9C6FB96F9B4" blockId="1.[151,1436,1002,1956]" box="[198,1071,1582,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB31FF98BC83F9C6FED6F9B4" bold="true" box="[198,367,1582,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Flowering and fruiting occur during September to February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7A1652BEB31FF98BC83F9BDFF63F8F6" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB31FF98BC83F9BDFF63F8F6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1002,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB31FF98BC83F9BDFEDFF993" bold="true" box="[198,358,1621,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Eponymy:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet honors Padmashree Mr. A.M. Gokhalae (IAS, Retd.), former Director of the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, 
<collectingCountry id="C7AC7630EB31FF98BF12F994FC21F96A" box="[855,920,1660,1686]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
, for being a great lover of plants and plant taxonomy; he prepared a detailed electronic database for more than 7000 species of Indian angiosperms, which is one of the pioneering comprehensive efforts in digitization and digital identification of the group in 
<collectingCountry id="C7AC7630EB31FF98BCD2F918FF6EF8F6" box="[151,215,1776,1802]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7A1652BEB31FF9ABC83F8FEFDC2F822" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB31FF98BC83F8FEFCEAF858" blockId="1.[151,1436,1002,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB31FF98BC83F8FEFD99F8CC" bold="true" box="[198,544,1814,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
Windward side of Wayanad-Silent Valley-Kodagu sub-cluster in the Nilgiri phytogeographical region of the Western Ghats. The range starts in Nadukani forests of Nilambur (Malappuram district) and extends to the Kakkayam and Thusharagiri forests of 
<collectingCountry id="C7AC7630EB31FF98B81EF88CFB64F882" box="[1115,1245,1892,1918]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Kozhikode</collectingCountry>
district through the evergreen forests in the western side of Wayanad Ghats.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EBC46628EB32FF9BBCD2F861FB44F81A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" startId="2.[151,255,1929,1953]" targetBox="[212,1367,156,1904]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB32FF9BBCD2F861FB44F81A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1929,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB32FF9BBCD2F861FEA3F85D" bold="true" box="[151,282,1929,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB32FF9BBD64F862FDC3F85D" authority="A. Flowering" authorityName="A. Flowering" box="[289,634,1930,1953]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gokhalaei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB32FF9BBD64F862FE5AF85D" box="[289,483,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Miliusa gokhalaei</emphasis>
A. Flowering
</taxonomicName>
branch. B. Flower bud. C. Mature flower. D. Flower with petals removed. E. Sepal. F. Outer petal. G. Inner petal, ventral view. H. Inner petal, dorsal view. I. Stamen, lateral view. J. Stamen, ventral view. K. Pistil. L. Infructescence with fruits. Drawings by K. M. Manudev from living specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="EBC46628EB33FF9ABCD2FA69FCC1FA43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928178/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" startId="3.[151,255,1409,1433]" targetBox="[313,1273,155,1382]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB33FF9ABCD2FA69FCC1FA43" blockId="3.[151,1435,1409,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABCD2FA69FEA2FA65" bold="true" box="[151,283,1409,1433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABD66FA6AFDEEFA65" authority="A. Small" authorityName="A. Small" box="[291,599,1410,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gokhalaei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABD66FA6AFE5EFA65" box="[291,487,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Miliusa gokhalaei</emphasis>
A. Small
</taxonomicName>
twig with young flower. B. Branch with mature flower. C. Young fruit with cream-coloured monocarps. D. Mature fruit with pinkish monocarps.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB33FF9ABC83FA1CFDC2F822" blockId="3.[150,1436,1524,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
Evergreen forests, at elevations of ca. 
<quantity id="78439B45EB33FF9ABECEFA1CFCB6F9F2" box="[651,783,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="575.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="400.0">400–750 m</quantity>
a.s.l. are the ideal habitat of the new species. It is seen mostly along the slopes as a lower stratum tree or shrub with scandent branches. 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9AB8C5F9F3FE95F9A7" authority="Griffith (1845: 475)" authorityName="Griffith" authorityPageNumber="475" authorityYear="1845" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Arenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9AB8C5F9F3FA8FF9C8" box="[1152,1334,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Arenga wightii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9AB97AF9F2FE95F9A7" author="Griffith, W." pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="1" refId="ref4104" refString="Griffith, W. (1845) The palms of British East India. Calcutta Journal of Natural History and Miscellany of the Arts and Sciences in India 5: 1 ‾ 491." type="journal article" year="1845">Griffith (1845: 475)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a common associate in most of its habitats. Rare, endemic and endangered species of 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABCD2F980FE96F97E" box="[151,303,1640,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
such as 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABDDBF980FCF1F97E" authority="Safford (1912: 506)" authorityName="Safford" authorityPageNumber="506" authorityYear="1912" box="[414,840,1640,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Desmos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lawii">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABDDBF980FDFFF97D" box="[414,582,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Desmos lawii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABE15F980FCF1F97E" author="Safford, W. E." box="[592,840,1640,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="501 - 508" refId="ref4958" refString="Safford, W. E. (1912) Desmos the proper generic name for the so-called unonas of the Old World. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 39: 501 - 508." type="journal article" year="1912">Safford (1912: 506)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABF1EF980FA2DF97E" authority="Beddome (1868" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1868" box="[859,1428,1640,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Goniothalamus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wynaadensis">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABF1EF980FB78F97D" box="[859,1217,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Goniothalamus wynaadensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9AB88EF980FA2DF97E" author="Beddome, R. H." box="[1227,1428,1640,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refId="ref3745" refString="Beddome, R. H. (1868 - 1874) Icones plantarum Indiae orientalis. Gantz Brothers, Madras, vii + 70 pp., 300 plates." type="book" year="1868">Beddome (1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
- 1874:13), 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABD50F967FC65F955" authority="(Dunn 1914: 183) Gandhi (1976: 38)" authorityName="Gandhi" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityPageNumber="183" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[277,988,1679,1705]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Meiogyne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramarowii">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABD50F967FDACF954" box="[277,533,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Meiogyne ramarowii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABE6DF967FD5EF955" author="Dunn, S. T." box="[552,743,1679,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="183" refId="ref3907" refString="Dunn, S. T. (1914) Unona ramarowii. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1914: 183." type="journal article" year="1914">Dunn1914: 183</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABEBEF967FC65F955" author="Gandhi, K. N." box="[763,988,1679,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refId="ref4006" refString="Gandhi, K. N. (1976) Meiogyne ramarowii. p. 38. In: Saldanha, C. J. &amp; Nicolson, D. H., Flora of Hassan District, Karnataka, India. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, viii + 915 pp." type="book" year="1976">Gandhi (1976: 38)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABFA8F967FE2CF933" authority="Sasidharan &amp; Sivarajan (1990: 269)" authorityName="Sasidharan &amp; Sivarajan" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1990" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Orophea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabarica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABFA8F967FB55F954" box="[1005,1260,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Orophea malabarica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9AB8B0F967FE2CF933" author="Sasidharan, N. &amp; Sivarajan, V. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="269 - 271" refId="ref4993" refString="Sasidharan, N. &amp; Sivarajan, V. V. (1990) Orophea malabarica (Annonaceae), a new species from peninsular India. Blumea 35: 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="1990">Sasidharan &amp; Sivarajan (1990: 269)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABDE6F95EFD35F933" box="[419,652,1718,1743]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Polyalthia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suberosa">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABDE6F95EFD35F933" box="[419,652,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Polyalthia suberosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABEDBF95DFC3DF933" author="Roxburgh, W." box="[670,900,1717,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refId="ref4917" refString="Roxburgh, W. (1795) Uvaria tomentosa. p. 31, t. 35. In: Plants of the coast of Coromandel. Geroge Nicol, Pall-Mall, London, vi + 68, 100 plates." type="book" year="1795">Roxburgh 1795: 31</bibRefCitation>
.t.34) 
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABF83F95DFB7BF933" author="Thwaites, G. H. K." box="[966,1218,1717,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refId="ref5121" refString="Thwaites, G. H. K. (1864) Polyalthia suberosa. p. 398. Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniae. Delau &amp; Co., London, 483 pp." type="book" year="1864">Thwaites (1864: 398)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9AB895F95EFE3BF90A" authority="Dalzell (1851: 207)" authorityName="Dalzell" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1851" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Sageraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurina">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9AB895F95EFA22F933" box="[1232,1435,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Sageraea laurina</emphasis>
Dalzell (1851: 207)
</taxonomicName>
, etc. are also found in its northern distributional ranges. Endangered and economically important trees such as 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABDF8F8EBFC11F8E0" authority="Prain (1897: 478)" authorityName="Prain" authorityPageNumber="478" authorityYear="1897" box="[445,936,1794,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABDF8F8EBFD7DF8E0" box="[445,708,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Cynometra beddomei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABE8BF8EAFC11F8E0" author="Prain, D." box="[718,936,1794,1820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="347 - 518" refId="ref4827" refString="Prain, D. (1897) Noviciae Indicae XV. Some additional Leguminosae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 66: 347 - 518." type="journal article" year="1897">Prain (1897: 478)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABFFCF8EBFA2EF8E0" authority="Beddome (1873: 316)" authorityName="Beddome" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1873" box="[953,1431,1794,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cynometra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="travancorica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABFFCF8EBFBC5F8E0" box="[953,1148,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">C. travancorica</emphasis>
Beddome (1873: 316)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABCD2F8C1FD14F8BF" authority="Harms (1897: 194)" authorityName="Harms" authorityPageNumber="194" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,685,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kingiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatum">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABCD2F8C1FE7BF8BE" box="[151,450,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Kingiodendron pinnatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABD8FF8C1FD14F8BF" author="Harms, H. A. T." box="[458,685,1833,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refId="ref4138" refString="Harms, H. A. T. (1897) Kingiodendron pinnatum. p. 194. In: Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K., Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Nachtrage zum II bis IV Teil 1 W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 380 pp." type="book" year="1897">Harms (1897: 194)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABEF8F8C1FB3DF8BF" authority="King (1891: 291)" authorityName="King" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1891" box="[701,1156,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Myristica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABEF8F8C1FC13F8BE" box="[701,938,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Myristica beddomei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABFF7F8C1FB3DF8BF" author="King, G." box="[946,1156,1833,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="275 - 331" refId="ref4331" refString="King, G. (1891) The species of Myristica of British India. Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta 3: 275 - 331." type="journal article" year="1891">King (1891: 291)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, etc. are common in its habitats. 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABD45F8B8FC3BF896" authority="Hooker &amp; Thomson (1855: 128)" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Thomson" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1855" box="[256,898,1872,1898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Artabotrys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanicus">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABD45F8B8FE47F895" box="[256,510,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Artabotrys zeylanicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABE40F8B8FC3BF896" author="Hooker, J. D. &amp; Thomson, T." box="[517,898,1872,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refId="ref4188" refString="Hooker, J. D. &amp; Thomson, T. (1855) Annonaceae. pp. 87 ‾ 153. In: Flora Indica: being a systematic account of the plants of British India. Pamplin, London, 285 pp." type="book" year="1855">Hooker &amp; Thomson (1855: 128)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABFCBF8B8FB95F895" authorityName="Safford" authorityYear="1912" box="[910,1068,1872,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Desmos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lawii">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABFCBF8B8FB95F895" box="[910,1068,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Desmos lawii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9AB87FF8B8FD6EF86D" authority="(Dalzell 1851: 36) Banerjee &amp; Mukherjee (1970: 214)" authorityName="Banerjee &amp; Mukherjee" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Dalzell" baseAuthorityPageNumber="36" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Smythea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bombaiensis">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9AB87FF8B8FA8FF895" box="[1082,1334,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Smythea bombaiensis</emphasis>
(Dalzell 1851: 36) 
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABD5CF89FFD6EF86D" author="Banerjee, S. P. &amp; Mukherjee, P. K." box="[281,727,1911,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="203 - 217" refId="ref3677" refString="Banerjee, S. P. &amp; Mukherjee, P. K. (1970) Studies in the Rhamnaceae 3, a taxonomic revision of Indian Ventilagineae. Indian Forester 96: 203 - 217." type="journal article" year="1970">Banerjee &amp; Mukherjee (1970: 214)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, etc. are the woody climbers common in the habitats. In Nadukani forests a critically endangered tree species, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB33FF9ABF5FF876FF76F822" authority="(Beddome 1864: 45) Kostermans (1969: 422)" authorityName="Kostermans" authorityPageNumber="422" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityPageNumber="45" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Atuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB33FF9ABF5FF876FC0AF84B" box="[794,947,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Atuna indica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9ABF86F875FB10F84B" author="Beddome, R. H." box="[963,1193,1949,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="37 - 59" refId="ref3714" refString="Beddome, R. H. (1864) Contributions to the Botany of Southern India. Madras Journal of Literature and Science 3, 1: 37 - 59." type="journal article" year="1864">Beddome 1864: 45</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB33FF9AB8FCF875FF76F822" author="Kostermans, A. J. G. H." pageId="3" pageNumber="29" pagination="421 - 422" refId="ref4360" refString="Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1969) Atuna Rafin. versus Cyclandrophora Hassk. (Rosaceae-Chrysobalanoideae). Reinwardtia 7: 421 - 422." type="journal article" year="1969">Kostermans (1969: 422)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is seen along with this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7A1652BEB34FF9DBC83FF7FFA80F82E" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB34FF9DBC83FF7FFAA4FEB0" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBC83FF7FFE74FF4D" bold="true" box="[198,461,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Interrelationships:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBD88FF70FD1AFF4D" box="[461,675,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gokhalaei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBD88FF70FD1AFF4D" box="[461,675,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa gokhalaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBF7AFF70FC08FF4D" authorityName="Kostermans" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[831,945,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Atuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBF7AFF70FC08FF4D" box="[831,945,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">M. indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBFAEFF70FB3EFF4D" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1916" box="[1003,1159,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eriocarpa">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBFAEFF70FB3EFF4D" box="[1003,1159,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">M. eriocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having subsessile or shortly petiolate, hairy-nerved leaves, and axillary solitary flowers, flask-shaped carpel with 1–2 ovules. However, it differs in its unequal rounded leaf bases, sessile or shortly pedicellate flowers, thick fleshy petals, glabrous carpel and included connective of anther. The other related species is 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DB826FEE4FA88FED9" authorityName="Gardner ex Hooker &amp; Thomson" authorityYear="1855" box="[1123,1329,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DB826FEE4FA88FED9" box="[1123,1329,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the diagnostic morphological characters of the new species and the related species are given in table 1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EBC46628EB34FF9DBCD2FE4EFB02FE41" ID-Table-UUID="EBC46628EB34FF9DBCD2FE4EFB02FE41" box="[151,1211,422,446]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EBC46628EB34FF9DBCD2FE4EFB02FE41" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" startId="4.[151,241,422,446]" targetBox="[165,1421,480,1557]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB34FF9DBCD2FE4EFB02FE41" blockId="4.[151,1211,422,446]" box="[151,1211,422,446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBCD2FE4EFEBAFE42" bold="true" box="[151,259,422,446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Diagnostic morphological characters of 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBEF9FE4EFC33FE41" box="[700,906,422,445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ghokhalaei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBEF9FE4EFC33FE41" box="[700,906,422,445]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa ghokhalaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="96FC57C9EB34FF9DBFD7FE4EFC5DFE41" box="[914,996,422,445]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and related species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB34FF9DBCE0FE08FA9FFA09" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<table id="CDBBC400EB340066BCE0FE08FA34F9E9" box="[165,1421,480,1557]" gridcols="5" gridrows="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FE08FA34FE0A" box="[165,1421,480,502]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FE08FEFEFE0A" box="[165,327,480,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBCE0FE08FEA1FE09" bold="true" box="[165,280,480,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FE08FDF5FE0A" box="[356,588,480,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBDD2FE09FDA3FE0A" box="[407,538,481,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gokhalaei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBDD2FE09FDA3FE0A" bold="true" box="[407,538,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">M. gokhalaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFE08FCDEFE0A" box="[618,871,480,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBEF9FE09FCA3FE0A" authorityName="Kostermans" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Beddome" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[700,794,481,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Atuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBEF9FE09FCA3FE0A" bold="true" box="[700,794,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">M. indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFE08FBC3FE0A" box="[904,1146,480,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBF80FE09FBFBFE0A" bold="true" box="[965,1090,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">M. Montana</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFE08FA34FE0A" box="[1179,1421,480,502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DB893FE09FAECFE0A" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1916" box="[1238,1365,481,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eriocarpa">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DB893FE09FAECFE0A" bold="true" box="[1238,1365,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">M. eriocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FDE6FA34FD9F" box="[165,1421,526,611]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FDE6FEFEFD9F" box="[165,327,526,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Habit</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FDE6FDF5FD9F" box="[356,588,526,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Small trees, branches drooping, young parts densely hairy</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFDE6FCDEFD9F" box="[618,871,526,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Small trees, branches spreading, young parts pubescent</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFDE6FBC3FD9F" box="[904,1146,526,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Shrubs, branches spreading, young parts glabrous</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFDE6FA34FD9F" box="[1179,1421,526,611]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Shrubs, branches spreading, young parts strigose</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FD93FA34FCF3" box="[165,1421,635,783]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FD93FEFEFCF3" box="[165,327,635,783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Leaf shape and size</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FD93FDF5FCF3" box="[356,588,635,783]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Oblong or obovate, caudate acuminate at apex, 6.0–12.0 × 2.5– 4.0 cm</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFD93FCDEFCF3" box="[618,871,635,783]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Oblong-elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, obtuse or acute at apex, 4.0–9.0 ×1.5–3.0 cm</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFD93FBC3FCF3" box="[904,1146,635,783]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Ovate or ovate- lanceolate, acute to shortly acuminate at apex, 5.0–7.0 × 2.0–2.7 cm</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFD93FA34FCF3" box="[1179,1421,635,783]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate at apex, 4.5–9.0 × 2.5–2.8 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FCCFFA34FC80" box="[165,1421,807,892]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FCCFFEFEFC80" box="[165,327,807,892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Position of intra- marginal looping nerves</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FCCFFDF5FC80" box="[356,588,807,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Sub-marginal</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFCCFFCDEFC80" box="[618,871,807,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Marginal</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFCCFFBC3FC80" box="[904,1146,807,892]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Marginal</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFCCFFA34FC80" box="[1179,1421,807,892]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Marginal</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FC7DFA34FC56" box="[165,1421,917,938]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FC7DFEFEFC56" box="[165,327,917,938]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Petiole</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FC7DFDF5FC56" box="[356,588,917,938]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Glabrous, 2–3 mm long</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFC7DFCDEFC56" box="[618,871,917,938]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Pubescent, 1–2 mm long</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFC7DFBC3FC56" box="[904,1146,917,938]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Pubescent, 1–2 mm long</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFC7DFA34FC56" box="[1179,1421,917,938]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Tomentose, 1-2 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FC0DFA34FBE6" box="[165,1421,997,1050]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FC0DFEFEFBE6" box="[165,327,997,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Flowers</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FC0DFDF5FBE6" box="[356,588,997,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Pseudo-terminal, greenish yellow</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFC0DFCDEFBE6" box="[618,871,997,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Axillary, green</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFC0DFBC3FBE6" box="[904,1146,997,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Leaf-opposed, white</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFC0DFA34FBE6" box="[1179,1421,997,1050]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Axillary, greenish pink</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FBDAFA34FB9B" box="[165,1421,1074,1127]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FBDAFEFEFB9B" box="[165,327,1074,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Pedicel</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FBDAFDF5FB9B" box="[356,588,1074,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">2–4 mm long, glabrous, greenish</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFBDAFCDEFB9B" box="[618,871,1074,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">3–6 mm long, glabrous, greenish</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFBDAFBC3FB9B" box="[904,1146,1074,1127]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">0.7–1.5 cm long, glabrous, greenish</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFBDAFA34FB9B" box="[1179,1421,1074,1127]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">2–3 mm long, pubescent, reddish</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FB97FA34FB68" box="[165,1421,1151,1172]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FB97FEFEFB68" box="[165,327,1151,1172]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Sepals</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FB97FDF5FB68" box="[356,588,1151,1172]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Glabrous, sub-equal</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFB97FCDEFB68" box="[618,871,1151,1172]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Pubescent outside, equal</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFB97FBC3FB68" box="[904,1146,1151,1172]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Pubescent outside, equal</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFB97FA34FB68" box="[1179,1421,1151,1172]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Glabrous, sub-equal</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FB44FA34FB3D" box="[165,1421,1196,1217]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FB44FEFEFB3D" box="[165,327,1196,1217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Outer petals</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FB44FDF5FB3D" box="[356,588,1196,1217]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Ovate, hairy on margins</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFB44FCDEFB3D" box="[618,871,1196,1217]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Ovate, glabrous</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFB44FBC3FB3D" box="[904,1146,1196,1217]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Linear-lanceolate, ciliate</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFB44FA34FB3D" box="[1179,1421,1196,1217]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Lanceolate, glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FB31FA34FB12" box="[165,1421,1241,1262]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FB31FEFEFB12" box="[165,327,1241,1262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Inner petals</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FB31FDF5FB12" box="[356,588,1241,1262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">2.0–2.4 × 0.8–1.3 cm</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFB31FCDEFB12" box="[618,871,1241,1262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">1.2–1.6 × 0.6–0.7 cm</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFB31FBC3FB12" box="[904,1146,1241,1262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">1.5–2.0 × 0.6–1.0 cm</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFB31FA34FB12" box="[1179,1421,1241,1262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">1.0–1.7 × 0.3–0.5 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FAEEFA34FAC7" box="[165,1421,1286,1339]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FAEEFEFEFAC7" box="[165,327,1286,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Stamens</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FAEEFDF5FAC7" box="[356,588,1286,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">With included connectives</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFAEEFCDEFAC7" box="[618,871,1286,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">With connectives rounded apiculate at top</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFAEEFBC3FAC7" box="[904,1146,1286,1339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">With connectives slightly apiculate at top</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFAEEFA34FAC7" box="[1179,1421,1286,1339]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">With connectives rounded apiculate at top</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FABCFA34FA74" box="[165,1421,1364,1416]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FABCFEFEFA74" box="[165,327,1364,1416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Carpels</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FABCFDF5FA74" box="[356,588,1364,1416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Linear-oblong, glabrous</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFABCFCDEFA74" box="[618,871,1364,1416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Linear-oblong, densely pilose</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFABCFBC3FA74" box="[904,1146,1364,1416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Ovate, glabrous</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFABCFA34FA74" box="[1179,1421,1364,1416]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Oblong, grey tomentose</td>
</tr>
<tr id="018B34E2EB340066BCE0FA49FA34F9E9" box="[165,1421,1441,1557]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<th id="425A5D9EEB340066BCE0FA49FEFEF9E9" box="[165,327,1441,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Monocarps</th>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BD21FA49FDF5F9E9" box="[356,588,1441,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Obovoid, apex projecting, more or less obturbinate, glabrous, deep pink</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BE2FFA49FCDEF9E9" box="[618,871,1441,1557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Ovoid or obovoid, apex acute or obtuse, silky pubescent, red</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066BFCDFA49FBC3F9E9" box="[904,1146,1441,1557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Sub-globose, apex obtuse, glabrous, red</td>
<td id="425A5D9EEB340066B8DEFA49FA34F9E9" box="[1179,1421,1441,1557]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Obliquely ellipsoid or oblong, apex apiculate, pubescent, red</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB34FF9DBC83F96BFA80F82E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1667,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB34FF9DBC83F96BFE78F961" author="Van Heusden, E. C. H." box="[198,449,1667,1693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref5153" refString="Van Heusden, E. C. H. (1992) Flowers of Annonaceae: morphology, classification and evolution. Blumea (Suppl.) 7: 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1992">Van Heusden (1992)</bibRefCitation>
studied morphology and evolution of flowers in 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DB869F96BFB05F961" box="[1068,1212,1667,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
and assigned key features for 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBD61F942FEC4F93F" authorityName="Leschenault ex Candolle" authorityYear="1832" box="[292,381,1706,1731]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBD61F942FEC4F93F" box="[292,381,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Based on her characterization and structure of inner petals, the southern Indian-Sri Lankan and Andamanese species of 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBE0EF939FD1CF916" authorityName="Leschenault ex Candolle" authorityYear="1832" box="[587,677,1745,1770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBE0EF939FD1CF916" box="[587,677,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be broadly classified into three groups - 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DB881F939FA25F916" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1868" box="[1220,1436,1745,1770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nilagirica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DB881F939FA25F916" box="[1220,1436,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa nilagirica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBCA8F91FFE25F8EC" authorityName="Leschenault ex Candolle" authorityYear="1832" box="[237,412,1783,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBCA8F91FFE25F8EC" box="[237,412,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBE62F91FFD54F8EC" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Thomson" authorityYear="1855" box="[551,749,1783,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBE62F91FFD54F8EC" box="[551,749,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa velutina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBF09F91FFB9EF8EC" authorityName="Beddome" authorityYear="1868" box="[844,1063,1783,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nilagirica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBF09F91FFB9EF8EC" box="[844,1063,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa nilagirica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is peculiar among these because of the presence of recurved petals. However, van Heusden never noticed recurved petals in 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DB907F8F6FA25F8CB" authorityName="Leschenault ex Candolle" authorityYear="1832" box="[1346,1436,1822,1847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DB907F8F6FA25F8CB" box="[1346,1436,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. This group is distinct from all others of the region in having fewer stamens. The peculiarity of 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DB907F8ADFF40F878" authorityName="Hooker &amp; Thomson" authorityYear="1855" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DB907F8ADFF40F878" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa velutina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is the presence of flat inner petals. 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBF41F883FBBEF878" authorityName="Mitra &amp; Chakraborty" authorityYear="1994" box="[772,1031,1899,1924]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mukerjeeana">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBF41F883FBBEF878" box="[772,1031,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa mukerjeeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only other member of this group. All other species belong to 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBE69F87AFD6FF857" authorityName="Leschenault ex Candolle" authorityYear="1832" box="[556,726,1938,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBE69F87AFD6FF857" box="[556,726,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in having saccate, sub-saccate or pouched petals. The new species also belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB34FF9DBE48F851FD0EF82E" authorityName="Leschenault ex Candolle" authorityYear="1832" box="[525,695,1977,2002]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB34FF9DBE48F851FD0EF82E" box="[525,695,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Miliusa indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in having saccate petals and numerous stamens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="EBC46628EB35FF9CBCD2F861FD5FF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928180" box="[151,742,1929,1953]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928180/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" startId="5.[151,255,1929,1953]" targetBox="[197,1393,194,1905]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB35FF9CBCD2F861FD5FF85C" blockId="5.[151,742,1929,1953]" box="[151,742,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB35FF9CBCD2F861FEA0F85D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1929,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB35FF9CBD81F861FD3CF85C" box="[452,645,1929,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gokhalaei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB35FF9CBD81F861FD3CF85C" box="[452,645,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Miliusa gokhalaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in India.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F7A1652BEB36FF9FBC83FF72FEADFE37" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB36FF9FBC83FF72FEADFE37" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FBC83FF72FDE8FF48" bold="true" box="[198,593,154,180]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FBE1CFF72FDCFFF48" bold="true" box="[601,630,154,180]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="0FD33CFDEB36FF9FBE33FF72FEB4FE30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128937304" collectingDate="2008-09-30" collectingDateMax="2009-08-27" collectingDateMin="2008-09-30" collectionCode="N, E" collectorName="Sujanapal &amp; Narayanan" country="India" county="Wayanad District" elevation="490" location="Malappuram District" municipality="Vythiri Ghats" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="MSSH 4320, MSSH 4388, MSSH 4382, MSSH 4378, MSSH 4372" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingCountry id="C7AC7630EB36FF9FBE33FF72FD77FF48" box="[630,718,154,180]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="7D7FF842EB36FF9FBE9DFF72FC92FF48" box="[728,811,154,180]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Kerala</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="56654E2CEB36FF9FBF70FF72FBBDFF48" box="[821,1028,154,180]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Wayanad District</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="5F60ACDAEB36FF9FB84AFF72FB17FF48" box="[1039,1198,154,180]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Vythiri Ghats</collectingMunicipality>
, 11 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FB893FF70FB65FF5A" attach="left" box="[1238,1244,152,166]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
30ʹ 24.3ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FB910FF72FAD4FF48" box="[1365,1389,154,180]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 76 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FB9D0FF70FA22FF5A" attach="none" box="[1429,1435,152,166]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
01ʹ 49.1ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FBD57FF29FE9EFF27" box="[274,295,193,219]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
, 
<quantity id="78439B45EB36FF9FBD70FF29FE3AFF27" box="[309,387,193,219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="490.0">
<elevation id="3496D193EB36FF9FBD70FF29FE3AFF27" box="[309,387,193,219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="490.0">490 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="CB051060EB36FF9FBDD1FF29FD3BFF27" box="[404,642,193,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2008-09-30">
<collectingDate id="DB41E988EB36FF9FBDD1FF29FD3BFF27" box="[404,642,193,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2008-09-30">30 September 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(with flowers), 
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FBF13FF29FADCFF26" box="[854,1381,193,218]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBF13FF29FC6BFF26" box="[854,978,193,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Sujanapal</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBFBEFF29FB3DFF26" box="[1019,1156,193,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Narayanan</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="EF1D9EDBEB36FF9FB8C8FF29FA9AFF26" box="[1165,1315,193,218]" collectionCode="MSSH" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">MSSH 4320</specimenCode>
; Ibid
</emphasis>
., 
<date id="CB051060EB36FF9FB93BFF29FE8AFEFE" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2009-08-27">
<collectingDate id="DB41E988EB36FF9FB93BFF29FE8AFEFE" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2009-08-27">27 August 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FBD05FF00FD44FEFD" box="[320,765,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBD05FF00FE01FEFD" box="[320,440,232,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Sujanapal</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBDA5FF00FDDFFEFD" box="[480,614,232,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Narayanan</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="EF1D9EDBEB36FF9FBE2BFF00FD44FEFD" box="[622,765,232,257]" collectionCode="MSSH" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">MSSH 4388</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(with flowers); 
<location id="BA64607BEB36FF9FBF84FF00FB04FEFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:371287B6EB31FF9FBCD2FD5CFB55FAFD:BA64607BEB36FF9FBF84FF00FB04FEFE" box="[961,1213,232,258]" country="India" county="Wayanad District" municipality="Vythiri Ghats" name="Malappuram District" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kerala">Malappuram District</location>
, Nadukani Forests (Nilambur), 11 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FBD09FEE6FEEBFEE0" attach="left" box="[332,338,270,284]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
29ʹ22.6ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FBD89FEFAFE5DFED0" box="[460,484,274,300]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 76 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FBE55FEE6FDAFFEE0" attach="left" box="[528,534,270,284]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
15ʹ 19.4ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FBED2FEFAFD15FED0" box="[663,684,274,300]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
, ± 
<quantity id="78439B45EB36FF9FBE96FEFAFC99FED0" box="[723,800,274,300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="510.0">
<elevation id="3496D193EB36FF9FBE96FEFAFC99FED0" box="[723,800,274,300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="CB051060EB36FF9FBF75FEFAFC40FED0" box="[816,1017,274,300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2009-01-01">
<collectingDate id="DB41E988EB36FF9FBF75FEFAFC40FED0" box="[816,1017,274,300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2009-01-01">01 January 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FB84FFEFAFB41FED7" box="[1034,1272,274,299]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
Sujana 
<specimenCode id="EF1D9EDBEB36FF9FB822FEFAFB41FED7" box="[1127,1272,274,299]" collectionCode="MSSH" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">MSSH 4382</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(with fruits); 
<location id="BA64607BEB36FF9FBCD2FED3FE3AFEA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:371287B6EB31FF9FBCD2FD5CFB55FAFD:BA64607BEB36FF9FBCD2FED3FE3AFEA9" box="[151,387,315,341]" country="India" county="Wayanad District" municipality="Vythiri Ghats" name="Kozhikode District" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kerala">Kozhikode District</location>
, Kakkayam Forests 11 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FBEDDFED0FD27FEBA" attach="left" box="[664,670,312,326]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
32ʹ 12.2ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FBF64FED3FC80FEA9" box="[801,825,315,341]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 75 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FBF20FED0FCD2FEBA" attach="left" box="[869,875,312,326]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
55ʹ 12.2ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FBFA8FED3FBBBFEA9" box="[1005,1026,315,341]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
, ± 
<quantity id="78439B45EB36FF9FB86CFED3FBC0FEA9" box="[1065,1145,315,341]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="525.0">
<elevation id="3496D193EB36FF9FB86CFED3FBC0FEA9" box="[1065,1145,315,341]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="525.0">525 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="CB051060EB36FF9FB8C3FED3FAEAFEA9" box="[1158,1363,315,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2008-10-22">
<collectingDate id="DB41E988EB36FF9FB8C3FED3FAEAFEA9" box="[1158,1363,315,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2008-10-22">22 October 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(with flowers), 
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FBD4CFE8DFD7BFE82" box="[265,706,357,382]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBD4CFE8DFE39FE82" box="[265,384,357,382]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Sujanapal</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBDE2FE8DFD92FE82" box="[423,555,357,382]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Narayanan</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="EF1D9EDBEB36FF9FBE71FE8DFD7BFE82" box="[564,706,357,382]" collectionCode="MSSH" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">MSSH 4378</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(with flowers); Thusharagiri Forests, 11 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FB8E1FE8AFB13FE8C" attach="left" box="[1188,1194,354,368]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
28ʹ 12.7ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FB962FE8DFA86FE83" box="[1319,1343,357,383]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 76 
<superScript id="48CE9BE8EB36FF9FB92CFE8AFAD6FE8C" attach="left" box="[1385,1391,354,368]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">°</superScript>
08ʹ 11.2ʹ 
<collectionCode id="D9AAAE65EB36FF9FBCA4FE63FF4FFE59" box="[225,246,395,421]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
, ± 
<quantity id="78439B45EB36FF9FBD58FE63FED3FE59" box="[285,362,395,421]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="450.0">
<elevation id="3496D193EB36FF9FBD58FE63FED3FE59" box="[285,362,395,421]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="CB051060EB36FF9FBD3EFE63FDF2FE59" box="[379,587,395,421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2008-10-12">
<collectingDate id="DB41E988EB36FF9FBD3EFE63FDF2FE59" box="[379,587,395,421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" value="2008-10-12">12 October 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FBE1CFE64FBA7FE59" box="[601,1054,396,421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBE1CFE64FD6AFE59" box="[601,723,396,421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Sujanapal</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="124E5376EB36FF9FBEB9FE64FC3DFE59" box="[764,900,396,421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Narayanan</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="EF1D9EDBEB36FF9FBFC8FE64FBA7FE59" box="[909,1054,396,421]" collectionCode="MSSH" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">MSSH 4372</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(Herbarium of CAbC-MSSRF, Wayanad)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7A1652BEB36FF9FBC83FE30FB55FAFD" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB36FF9FBC83FE30FE71FD27" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FBC83FE30FC97FE0E" bold="true" box="[198,814,472,498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">Population structure and conservation status:—</emphasis>
Populations of the new species are fragmented and seen in the lower storey, mainly along the western slopes of the Western Ghats between 
<quantity id="78439B45EB36FF9FB8D1FE17FB67FDE5" box="[1172,1246,511,537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="78439B45EB36FF9FB950FE17FAE6FDE5" box="[1301,1375,511,537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
a.s.l. in evergreen forests; they are represented by a few scattered mature individuals. There is no continuity in distribution from the southern to the northern populations. The southern-most population is located in the evergreen forests of Nadukani (Nilambur, Malappuram District). The major central population is in the Vythiri Ghats of Wayanad district and Thamarassery Ghats up to Kakkayam and Thusharagiri Range of Kozhikkode district at the northern tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF0436A0EB36FF9FBC99FD0FFB55FAFD" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">
In all locations, populations of this new species are small. Our observations showed that there were only nine mature individuals in a 
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area of Nilambur. Compared to Nilambur, the population is comparatively large in Wayanad and Kozhikkode forests with more or less continuous distribution from Thamarassery up to Peruvannamuzhi. Altogether the distribution of this new species is restricted to 
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. None of the localities is protected. The population at Nilambur is adjacent to human habitation, and waste disposal, pollution and degradation of habitat due to the nearby Sate Highway-28 are the main threats to this population. Increased anthropogenic interference in the form of firewood collection deepens the crisis. In Thamarassery Ghats the population is near to the National Highway-212, and the area is highly subject to various kinds of disturbances. The habitats in Kakkayam and Peruvannamuzhi ranges are highly disturbed due to construction activities related to two reservoirs and the forthcoming hydroelectric project. These construction activities promote calamities like landslides, soil erosion, etc. since it is lying along the sharp western slopes. By following IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="DB2A4B51EB36FF9FBD84FB7FFDECFB4D" author="IUCN" box="[449,597,1175,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refId="ref4296" refString="IUCN. (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2001">IUCN, 2001</bibRefCitation>
) for assessing the status of Rare and Threatened plants, 
<taxonomicName id="78BB4D23EB36FF9FB8A3FB7FFA38FB4C" box="[1254,1409,1175,1200]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Miliusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gokhalaei">
<emphasis id="8DCFEAB2EB36FF9FB8A3FB7FFA38FB4C" box="[1254,1409,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="32">M. gokhalaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assessed as belonging to Critically Endangered (CR) category. Its range (extent of occurrence) is less than 
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, the population is severely fragmented and the quality of habitat is declining continuously.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>