243 lines
30 KiB
XML
243 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="0170ED2BFAB16BE8643928B5DB96D651" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.184950" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b652166d-e8aa-4d19-89b3-74ce8634d436" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="184950" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460041670198" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kehlmaier, Christian & Assmann, Thorsten" docDate="2008" docId="367D87D6FFD48D62FF78FEB2FB49E786" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01936p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1936" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chalarus holosericeus Meigen 1824" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="CA44FFAEFFC28D74FFEFFFEDFFD2E12A" masterDocTitle="The European species of Chalarus Walker, 1834 revisited (Diptera: Pipunculidae)" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698234417507" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="85D5F2116EEA89B2029E69AB9FFC0D4E">The European species of Chalarus Walker, 1834 revisited (Diptera: Pipunculidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E8DC2B65AA2B8BF40E7A0F714277A922" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4C43217FEE8F02857A5ADE07F72B8D05">Kehlmaier, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4A548189C6237692EFA4BA8C2E12F21">Assmann, Thorsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4E19CEFCBE0EB8174E238C8F56680A65">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1F477B9C86B7E02C3EDDD44138C2BE53">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="93C0F843E9A919E09D1BF6C1147ACB07">
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<mods:date id="7170BBBD697DC958633D60D498CD3366">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="85FBBBD47130512D6F141CE0485A1529" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B08D62039A8C90F12D68D641B2EBCE63">1936</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9965DD5B83626962D276A308CD1E9AE8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.184950</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7C7C0D81C51E5D3BFF8231E582F3649B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2BAAC0E651ED9D03F9801B14BC901AAB" type="Zenodo-Dep">184950</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="367D87D6FFD48D62FF78FEB2FB49E786" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119382710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:367D87D6FFD48D62FF78FEB2FB49E786" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/367D87D6FFD48D62FF78FEB2FB49E786" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="F6CE654BFFD48D62FF78FEB2FDB4E053" box="[151,614,351,377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE6B36C0FFD48D62FF78FEB2FDB4E053" blockId="22.[151,614,351,377]" box="[151,614,351,377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="E52381ACFFD48D62FF78FEB2FDB4E053" bold="true" box="[151,614,351,377]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FF78FEB2FDB4E053" ID-CoL="TFK2" authority="Meigen, 1824" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,614,351,377]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78FEB2FDB4E053" bold="true" box="[151,614,351,377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78FEB2FE74E053" bold="true" box="[151,422,351,377]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chalarus holosericeus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FE5AFEB2FD8CE053" author="Meigen" box="[437,606,351,377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1824) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vierter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xi + 401 pp." type="book" year="1824">Meigen, 1824</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6CE654BFFD48D62FF78FE47FD44E328" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BE6B36C0FFD48D62FF78FE47FDB5E0EB" blockId="22.[151,662,426,514]" box="[151,615,426,449]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9EC411EEFFD48D62FF78FE47FDB5E0EB" box="[151,615,426,449]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FF78FE47FDB1E0EB" ID-CoL="8YZRC" authority="Meigen, 1824: 24" authorityName="Meigen" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,611,426,449]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78FE47FE4EE0EB" box="[151,412,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pipunculus holosericeus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3F7510D1FFD48D62FE4CFE47FDB1E0EB" author="Meigen" box="[419,611,426,449]" page="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1824">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FE4CFE47FDE9E0EB" author="Meigen" box="[419,571,426,449]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1824) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vierter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xi + 401 pp." type="book" year="1824">Meigen, 1824</bibRefCitation>
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: 24
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE6B36C0FFD48D62FF78FE27FD44E328" blockId="22.[151,662,426,514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9EC411EEFFD48D62FF78FE27FD44E328" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FF78FE27FDF6E0CB" ID-CoL="TFKF" authority="Coe, 1966: 157" authorityName="Coe" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,548,458,481]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parmenteri">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78FE27FEAAE0CB" box="[151,376,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chalarus parmenteri</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3F7510D1FFD48D62FE91FE27FDF6E0CB" author="Coe" box="[382,548,458,481]" page="157" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FE91FE27FE3DE0CB" author="Coe" box="[382,495,458,481]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Coe, R. L. (1966) Some British species of Chalarus and Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy, 35, 149 - 160." type="journal article" year="1966">Coe, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 157
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FDC0FE27FD43E0C8" bold="true" box="[559,657,458,482]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FF78FE07FDFBE32B" ID-CoL="TFKG" authority="Jervis, 1992: 305" authorityName="Jervis" authorityPageNumber="305" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,553,490,513]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78FE07FEBAE32B" box="[151,360,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chalarus perplexus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3F7510D1FFD48D62FE80FE07FDFBE32B" author="Jervis" box="[367,553,490,513]" page="305" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FE80FE07FE26E32B" author="Jervis" box="[367,500,490,513]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jervis, M. A. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105, 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">Jervis, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 305
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FDDCFE07FD44E328" bold="true" box="[563,662,490,514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6CE654BFFD48D62FF78FDDFFB49E786" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BE6B36C0FFD48D62FF78FDDFFEA9E29E" blockId="22.[151,1437,562,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78FDDFFECBE366" bold="true" box="[151,281,562,588]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Male with dark brown hairs on all femora. Phallus (as in
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<figureCitation id="26EF2A45FFD48D62FC28FDDFFBC9E366" box="[967,1051,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[155,1432,197,1735]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Inner male genitalia (phallus). 7. C. decorus; 8. C. spurius; 9. C. zyginae; 10. C. griseus; 11. Chalarus sp. near zyginae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184952/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) with phs straight; tdp short and broad; Lmtdp:Ltdp~3.0; two php which are slightly shorter than mtdp; all ejaculatory ducts placed distally on mtdp; ejaculatory apodeme parasol-shaped (as in
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<figureCitation id="26EF2A45FFD48D62FCE9FD6FFCB6E3B6" box="[774,868,642,668]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 23" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[155,1432,197,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 23. Figs 12 – 15. Inner male genitalia (phallus). 12. C. marki spec. nov.; 13. C. indistinctus; 14. C. brevicuadis; 15. C. longicaudis. Figs 16 – 23. Ejaculatory apodeme of male. 16. C. juliae; 17. C. latifrons; 18. C. absconditus spec. nov.; – 19. C. griseus; – 20. C. saxonicus spec. nov.; 21. C. spurius; 22. C. immanis spec. nov.; 23. C. marki spec. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184953/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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); Female with frontal facets greatly enlarged (J92
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<figureCitation id="26EF2A45FFD48D62FF25FD47FEDEE3EE" box="[202,268,682,708]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[155,1432,197,1735]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Inner male genitalia (phallus). 1. C. fimbriatus agg.; 2. C. absconditus spec. nov.; 3. C. clarus; 4. C. immanis spec. nov.; 5. C. juliae; Abbreviations: lower ej. d., lower ejaculatory ductuli; mtdp, membranous tip of distiphallus; php, phallic processes; phs, phallic shaft; tdp, tip of distiphallus; upper ej. d., upper ejaculatory duct; 6. C. latifrons. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184951/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D, as
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FEBFFD47FE31E3E9" box="[336,483,682,707]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FEBFFD47FE31E3E9" box="[336,483,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. perplexus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); frons very narrow, at narrowest point 1.0 times diameter of largest frontal facet; flagellum dark brown; legs dark brown but base of femora and area around femoral-tibial joints may be somewhat paler; pulvilli of all legs of same size, shorter than distitarsus; hairs on femora dark brown but pvsr of mid femur may be mid brown; hairs on thorax and abdomen dark brown; hind femur with apical hairs of pdsr extending as far as apex; abdominal tergites dark brown; ovipositor as in
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<figureCitation id="26EF2A45FFD48D62FC04FCA7FB61E24E" box="[1003,1203,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 62" captionStartId="14.[151,269,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,429,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[155,1432,425,1882]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 62. Female ovipositor. 49 – 50. C. holosericeus lateral view; Abbreviation: s 9, sternite 9; 51 – 52. C. zyginae lateral view; 53. C. exiguus lateral view; 54. C. saxonicus spec. nov. dorsal view; 55. C. saxonicus spec. nov. lateral view; 56. C. exiguus dorsal view; 57. C. holosericeus dorsal view; 58. C. griseus lateral view; 59. C. clarus lateral view; 60. C. proprius dorsal view; 61 – 62. C. proprius lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184956/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 49–50 & 57</figureCitation>
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. The shallow dorsal groove of tergite 9 is often present but can also be absent. See Table 1 for coxI and ITS2 barcode sequence accession numbers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE6B36C0FFD48D62FF2AFC2FFB49E786" blockId="22.[151,1437,562,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF2AFC2FFEBAE2F6" bold="true" box="[197,360,962,988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Annotations:</emphasis>
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A male
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<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FE3CFC2FFDECE2F6" box="[467,574,962,988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FD9CFC2FFCFEE2F1" box="[627,812,962,987]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FD9CFC2FFCFEE2F1" box="[627,812,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. holosericeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was selected by
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<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FC14FC2FFB48E2F6" author="Jervis" box="[1019,1178,962,988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jervis, M. A. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105, 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">Jervis (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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. The decision to synonymise
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FEECFC07FE69E529" box="[259,443,1002,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FEECFC07FE69E529" box="[259,443,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. holosericeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FDEEFC07FC97E529" box="[513,837,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FDEEFC07FD74E529" box="[513,678,1002,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parmenteri">C. parmenteri</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FD5BFC07FC97E529" box="[692,837,1002,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">C. perplexus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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rather than apply the name to
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FB59FC07FAE1E529" box="[1206,1331,1002,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FB59FC07FAE1E529" box="[1206,1331,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. exiguus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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— what would have been possible as males of
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FD8BFBFFFCC9E501" box="[612,795,1042,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FD8BFBFFFCC9E501" box="[612,795,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. holosericeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FCB7FBFFFC04E501" box="[856,982,1042,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
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<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FCB7FBFFFC04E501" box="[856,982,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. exiguus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are indistinguable according to
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<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FAB7FBFFFF36E57E" author="Jervis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jervis, M. A. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105, 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">Jervis (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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— was taken because no male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FDB3FBD7FD0BE579" box="[604,729,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FDB3FBD7FD0BE579" box="[604,729,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. exiguus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be identified and processed in this study. Hence, it is not clear wether
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FEB6FB8FFE20E556" author="Jervis" box="[345,498,1122,1148]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jervis, M. A. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105, 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">Jervis (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is correct with his statement, i.e., his assignment of male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FAF6FB8EFA46E556" box="[1305,1428,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FAF6FB8EFA46E556" box="[1305,1428,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. exiguus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FF78FB66FE42E58E" box="[151,400,1163,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parmenteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78FB66FE42E58E" box="[151,400,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chalarus parmenteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was known from females only. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FCBBFB67FC68E58E" box="[852,954,1162,1188]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and all three remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FB07FB67FA8AE58E" box="[1256,1368,1162,1188]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were studied. The ovipositor of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FE10FB5FFDB7E5E6" box="[511,613,1202,1228]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is reproduced in
|
||
<figureCitation id="26EF2A45FFD48D62FCD8FB5FFC5DE5E6" box="[823,911,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 62" captionStartId="14.[151,269,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,429,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[155,1432,425,1882]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 62. Female ovipositor. 49 – 50. C. holosericeus lateral view; Abbreviation: s 9, sternite 9; 51 – 52. C. zyginae lateral view; 53. C. exiguus lateral view; 54. C. saxonicus spec. nov. dorsal view; 55. C. saxonicus spec. nov. lateral view; 56. C. exiguus dorsal view; 57. C. holosericeus dorsal view; 58. C. griseus lateral view; 59. C. clarus lateral view; 60. C. proprius dorsal view; 61 – 62. C. proprius lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184956/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
. Its abdomen was macerated in the past and embedded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6C37650FFD48D62FED9FB37FE5CE5DE" box="[310,398,1242,1268]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
balsam with the ovipositor separated. The structure of the latter is hard to assess due to the strong degree of maceration. Especially tergite 9 is very faint. Sternite 9 can be seen slightly better and exhibits the same degree of curving as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FD8BFAC6FC27E46E" authority="Jervis (1992)" authorityName="Jervis" authorityYear="1992" box="[612,1013,1322,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parmenteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FD8BFAC6FCDBE46E" box="[612,777,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. parmenteri</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FCB4FAC7FC27E46E" author="Jervis" box="[859,1013,1322,1348]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jervis, M. A. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105, 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">Jervis (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nec
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FBC1FAC7FB65E46E" author="Coe" box="[1070,1207,1322,1348]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Coe, R. L. (1966) Some British species of Chalarus and Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy, 35, 149 - 160." type="journal article" year="1966">Coe (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FB0CFAC7FABEE46E" author="Coe" box="[1251,1388,1322,1348]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Coe, R. L. (1966) Some British species of Chalarus and Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy, 35, 149 - 160." type="journal article" year="1966">Coe (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the piercer is also illustrated as straight, rather than strongly bent. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FC44FABFFBC2E446" box="[939,1040,1362,1388]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from “Witherslack” also shows a long and rather straight embedded and macerated piercer. However, one
|
||
<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FC0AFA97FB98E4BE" box="[997,1098,1402,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(collection number #239426 NHM) without locality label is in accordance with Jervis’ (1992) characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FB65FA4EFAFDE496" box="[1162,1327,1443,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parmenteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FB65FA4EFAFDE496" box="[1162,1327,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. parmenteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is regarded as the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FE22FA26FD94E4CE" box="[461,582,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FE22FA26FD94E4CE" box="[461,582,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. griseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FD09FA26FC1CE4CE" box="[742,974,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FD09FA26FC1CE4CE" box="[742,974,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chalarus perplexus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from females only. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FF78FA1FFF2CE726" box="[151,254,1522,1548]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and two female
|
||
<typeStatus id="616F8862FFD48D62FE2CFA1FFDE1E726" box="[451,563,1522,1548]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were studied. De Meyer et al. (2000) briefly comment on a single species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FF57F9F6FEF7E71E" box="[184,293,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF57F9F6FEF7E71E" box="[184,293,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chalarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Canary Islands, referring to it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FCC7F9F6FC6CE71E" box="[808,958,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FCC7F9F6FC6CE71E" box="[808,958,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. perplexus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For a brief discussion see below under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FF78F9AEFED6E776" box="[151,260,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FF78F9AEFED6E776" box="[151,260,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chalarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FE83F9AEFE14E776" box="[364,454,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zyginae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FE83F9AEFE14E776" box="[364,454,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zyginae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only secure host species known at present is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FBFDF9AEFB16E776" box="[1042,1220,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Empoasca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FBFDF9AEFB16E776" box="[1042,1220,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Empoasca vitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA454B31FFD48D62FB3CF9AFFEDBE7AE" author="Jervis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jervis, M. A. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105, 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Jervis 1992 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FA6EF9AEFEDBE7AE" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FA6EF9AEFEDBE7AE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. perplexus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas the one provided for female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FD3BF986FC58E7AE" box="[724,906,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FD3BF986FC58E7AE" box="[724,906,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. holosericeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FB9AF986FB09E7AE" box="[1141,1243,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marki">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FB9AF986FB09E7AE" box="[1141,1243,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. marki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) and the ones given for male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FE5EF97EFDB5E786" box="[433,615,1683,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FE5EF97EFDB5E786" box="[433,615,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. holosericeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are treated as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79D44D43FFD48D62FC44F97EFBB0E786" box="[939,1122,1683,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA0EAD2FFD48D62FC44F97EFBB0E786" box="[939,1122,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. holosericeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |