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<mods:title id="6525EA54159FA92C4CF9429C07911494">Key to sessile gnesiotrochan rotifers: Families, monospecific species in Flosculariidae, species of Atrochidae, Conochilidae, and Limnias</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1884DB23C27A175F2A974F5CF0DEBF4A">Walsh, Elizabeth J.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="AF04336C4168FFAAFF7DD575FE48B457" blockId="6.[151,455,1825,1852]" box="[151,455,1825,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFF7DD575FE48B457" ID-CoL="6WD" ID-ENA="1611871" authority="Bartos, 1959" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,455,1825,1852]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFF7DD575FE48B457" bold="true" box="[151,455,1825,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
Atrochidae
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4168FFAAFEC0D575FE48B457" author="Bartos, E." box="[298,455,1825,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" refId="ref11738" refString="Bartos, E. (1959) Virnici - Rotatoria. Vol. 15. Fauna CSR. Nakladatelstvi Ceskoslovenske Akademie Ved, Praha, 969 pp. [in Czech]" type="book" year="1959">Bartoš, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="AF04336C4168FFABFF7DD53EFCD0B20E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1898,2033]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
This small, enigmatic family comprises three monospecific genera (
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFC67D53EFBDAB4EF" box="[909,1109,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFC67D53EFC68B4EF" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[909,999,1898,1924]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">Acyclus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFC1BD53EFBDAB4EF" authorityName="Wierzejski" authorityYear="1893" box="[1009,1109,1898,1924]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Atrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">Atrochus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFB88D53EFB7FB4EF" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1882" box="[1122,1264,1898,1924]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Cupelopagis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFB88D53EFB7FB4EF" box="[1122,1264,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">Cupelopagis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Only
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFAAFD53EFA13B4EF" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[1349,1436,1898,1924]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFAAFD53EFA13B4EF" box="[1349,1436,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">Acyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a gelatinous tube. Except for
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFDB5D5DAFD7BB4C3" box="[607,756,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFDB5D5DAFD60B4C3" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1882" box="[607,751,1934,1960]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Cupelopagis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">Cupelopagis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
relatively little is known about the biology of these forms. All possess an infundibulum that is often relatively large and gaping. All possess interesting modes of feeding.
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFF7DD582FF61B49B" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,238,2006,2032]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFF7DD582FF61B49B" box="[151,238,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">Acyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives within colonies of
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFDFAD582FC44B49A" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[528,971,2006,2033]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Sinantherina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFDFAD582FC8FB49B" box="[528,768,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">Sinantherina socialis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
and occasionally
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4168FFAAFB77D582FA12B49B" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1181,1437,2006,2032]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Lacinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="6" pageNumber="503" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="flosculosa">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4168FFAAFB77D582FA12B49B" box="[1181,1437,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="503">Lacinularia flosculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFF75D2C3FECBB3DA" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[159,324,151,177]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Flosculariidae</taxonomicName>
), on whose ova and larvae it feeds. Lacking an attaching foot,
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFBCDD2C3FB04B3DA" authorityName="Wierzejski" authorityYear="1893" box="[1063,1163,151,177]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Atrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFBCDD2C3FB04B3DA" box="[1063,1163,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">Atrochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
crawls slowly over the bottom and feeds on algae. Although sessile
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFD79D2EFFCAEB3BE" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1882" box="[659,801,187,213]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Cupelopagis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFD79D2EFFCAEB3BE" box="[659,801,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">Cupelopagis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is capable of tracking and orientating toward its animal and protistan prey by detecting vibrations in the water (
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4169FFABFCE2D28BFB8EB392" author="Bevington, D. &amp; White, C. &amp; Wallace, R. L." box="[776,1025,222,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref11836" refString="Bevington, D., White, C. &amp; Wallace, R. L. (1995) Predatory behaviors of Cupelopagis vorax (Rotifera, Collothecacea; Atrochidae) on protozoan prey. Hydrobiologia, 313 / 314, 213 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00025953" type="journal article" year="1995">
Bevington
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFC6FD28BFC31B392" box="[901,958,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFBFED28BFB1FB392" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[1044,1168,223,249]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Atrochidae</taxonomicName>
was separated from the family
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFF0CD357FE0DB276" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[230,386,259,285]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Collothecidae</taxonomicName>
because of the atypical anterior end (
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4169FFABFCF2D357FC13B276" author="Koste, W." box="[792,924,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" refId="ref14818" refString="Koste, W. (1978) Rotatoria. Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas. 2 Vols. Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 673 pp. (text), Tafel 234 pp. (tafel) [in German]" type="book" year="1978">Koste 1978</bibRefCitation>
). However, Koste suggests that the
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFACAD357FA13B276" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[1312,1436,259,285]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Atrochidae</taxonomicName>
is an artificial grouping; its assignment is retained here as a matter of convenience and to emphasize the uncertain relationship of the three genera to the remaining
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFD53D31FFCD4B20E" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[697,859,331,357]" class="Eurotatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="order">Collothecacea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF04336C4169FFABFF2DD33BFE48B2C6" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">
The etymon of the family (G., a,
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFDD0D33BFD01B2E2" box="[570,654,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">without</emphasis>
+ G.,
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFD3CD33BFCA6B2E2" box="[726,809,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">trochus</emphasis>
, wheel) emphasizes the lack of a ciliated corona, which is present in most
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFE89D3C7FE4CB2C6" box="[355,451,403,429]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="520" phylum="Rotifera" rank="phylum">Rotifera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7A160E74169FFABFF2DD3E3FD80B10A" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AF04336C4169FFABFF2DD3E3FD80B10A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">
Diagnosis. Infundibulum variously shaped: large asymmetric bowl, or small with a dorsal hood-like lobe, or fringed with short, hollow, finger-like projections, but always lacking setae and cilia as adults. Vestibulum absent. Larvae resemble other
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFE71D3ABFDB1B172" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[411,574,511,537]" class="Eurotatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="order">Collothecacea</taxonomicName>
: ciliated anterior end providing locomotion. Foot elongate and tapering, or a short thick stalk, or absent. Oviparous or ovoviviparous. Adults sessile with or without gelatinous tube or capable of limited locomotion (crawling).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="AF04336C4169FFABFF7DD553FF4FB4E7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1799,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFF7DD553FE9AB474" bold="true" box="[151,277,1799,1823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Three species in family
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFDFDD553FD04B474" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[535,651,1799,1823]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Atrochidae</taxonomicName>
. A.
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFD5FD553FB81B474" authority="(Leidy, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[693,1038,1799,1823]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Cupelopagis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="vorax">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFD5FD553FCF7B474" box="[693,888,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">Cupelopagis vorax</emphasis>
(Leidy, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
, side view; insert dorsal view. B. Two individuals of
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFEC0D57FFDD2B428" authority="Leidy, 1882" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[298,605,1835,1859]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="inquietus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFEC0D57FFE52B428" box="[298,477,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">Acyclus inquietus</emphasis>
Leidy, 1882
</taxonomicName>
removed from a colony of
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFC9ED578FC55B428" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[884,986,1835,1859]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Sinantherina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFC9ED578FC55B428" box="[884,986,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">S. socialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C.
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4169FFABFBECD57FFA16B428" authority="Wierzejski, 1893" authorityName="Wierzejski" authorityYear="1893" box="[1030,1433,1835,1859]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Atrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="tentaculatus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4169FFABFBECD57FFB6CB428" box="[1030,1251,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="504">Atrochus tentaculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4169FFABFB03D57FFA16B428" author="Wierzejski, A." box="[1257,1433,1835,1859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" pagination="696 - 712" refId="ref18344" refString="Wierzejski, A. (1893) Atrochus tentaculatus nov. gen. et sp. Ein Raderthier ohne Raderorgan. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 55, 696 - 712. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1893">Wierzejski, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. (C. After
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4169FFABFF1CD51BFE2AB40C" author="Wierzejski, A." box="[246,421,1871,1895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" pagination="696 - 712" refId="ref18344" refString="Wierzejski, A. (1893) Atrochus tentaculatus nov. gen. et sp. Ein Raderthier ohne Raderorgan. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 55, 696 - 712. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1893">Wierzejski, 1893</bibRefCitation>
). Symbols: B = body; F = foot; I = infundibulum; G = gelatinous matrix; S = substratum. Bars ~1000 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E7A160E74166FFA4FF7DD2C3FD7AB3DA" box="[151,757,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="AF04336C4166FFA4FF7DD2C3FD7AB3DA" blockId="8.[151,757,151,177]" box="[151,757,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<heading id="F44C84004166FFA4FF7DD2C3FD7AB3DA" bold="true" box="[151,757,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" reason="1">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FF7DD2C3FD7AB3DA" bold="true" box="[151,757,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
Dichotomous key to species of family
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FD83D2C3FD7AB3DA" ID-CoL="6WD" ID-ENA="1611871" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[617,757,151,177]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Atrochidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7A160E74166FFA4FF7DD288FA95B1C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" type="key">
<key id="DB2A645D4166FFA4FF7DD288FA95B1C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<keyStep id="144F2BC94166FFA4FF7DD288FA13B2EF" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<paragraph id="AF04336C4166FFA4FF7DD288FB16B20C" blockId="8.[151,1437,220,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<keyLead id="144A90594166FFA4FF7DD288FB16B20C" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
1 Infundibulum large, bowl-shaped, as wide as body width; body a slightly flattened spheroid; mouth (infundibulum) positioned parallel to substratum; sessile by a short, flexible centrally positioned, ventral foot; gelatinous tube absent; body size ≤1000 µm; ovoviviparous. (
<figureCitation id="37802FE94166FFA4FE94D343FE46B247" box="[382,457,279,301]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-206@7.[151,1436,633,1776]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Three species in family Atrochidae. A. Cupelopagis vorax (Leidy, 1857), side view; insert dorsal view. B. Two individuals of Acyclus inquietus Leidy, 1882 removed from a colony of S. socialis. C. Atrochus tentaculatus Wierzejski, 1893. (C. After Wierzejski, 1893). Symbols: B = body; F = foot; I = infundibulum; G = gelatinous matrix; S = substratum. Bars ~1000 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469061/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
)......................................................
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FBB4D343FA13B246" authority="(Leidy, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1118,1436,279,301]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Cupelopagis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="vorax">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FBB4D343FA9BB247" box="[1118,1300,279,300]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Cupelopagis vorax</emphasis>
(Leidy, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
[The morphology of this species is review by several workers including
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FC5AD360FBAAB221" author="Cori, C. J." box="[944,1061,308,330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="557 - 584" refId="ref12527" refString="Cori, C. J. (1925) Zur Morphologie und Biologie van Apsilus vorax Leidy. Zeitschrift fur Wissensch Zoologie, 125, 557 - 584. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1925">Cori (1925)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FBDBD360FB51B222" author="Hunerhoff, E." box="[1073,1246,308,330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="327 - 332" refId="ref14297" refString="Hunerhoff, E. (1931) Uber ein bisher unbekanntes Larvenorgan und die Regeneration bei dem Radertier Apsilus vorax. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 92 (11 / 12), 327 - 332." type="journal article" year="1931">Hünerhoff (1931)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FB01D361FAE2B222" author="Koste, W." box="[1259,1389,308,330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="101 - 106" refId="ref14788" refString="Koste, W. (1973) Das Radertier-Portrat. Ein merkwurdiges festitzendes Radertier: Cupelopagis vorax. Mikrokosmos, 62, 101 - 106. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1973">Koste (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FF08D305FE49B20C" author="Vasisht, H. S. &amp; Dawar, B. L." box="[226,454,337,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="466 - 467" refId="ref17305" refString="Vasisht, H. S. &amp; Dawar, B. L. (1968) The male of the rotifer Cupelopagis vorax (Leidy). Current Science, 37, 466 - 467." type="journal article" year="1968">Vasisht &amp; Dawar (1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FE3AD305FD8BB20C" author="Vasisht, H. S. &amp; Dawar, B. L." box="[464,516,337,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref17341" refString="Vasisht, H. S. &amp; Dawar, B. L. (1969) Anatomy and histology of the rotifer Cupelopagis vorax Leidy. Research Bulletin of the Panjab University, New Series, 20, 207 - 221." type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FDFED305FD7BB20C" author="Bevington, D. &amp; White, C. &amp; Wallace, R. L." box="[532,756,337,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref11836" refString="Bevington, D., White, C. &amp; Wallace, R. L. (1995) Predatory behaviors of Cupelopagis vorax (Rotifera, Collothecacea; Atrochidae) on protozoan prey. Hydrobiologia, 313 / 314, 213 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00025953" type="journal article" year="1995">
Bevington
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FD94D306FD20B20D" box="[638,687,337,359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
and Preze (2017) report studies on feeding.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF04336C4166FFA4FF7DD33BFA13B2EF" blockId="8.[151,1437,220,682]" box="[151,1436,367,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<keyLead id="144A90594166FFA4FF7DD33BFA13B2EF" box="[151,1436,367,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">1 Infundibulum and body not as above; gelatinous tube present or absent; sessile or mobile; foot not a short stalk........... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="144F2BC94166FFA4FF7DD3D8FA95B1C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<paragraph id="AF04336C4166FFA4FF7DD3D8FDBFB15E" blockId="8.[151,1437,220,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<keyLead id="144A90594166FFA4FF7DD3D8FDBFB15E" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
2(1) Infundibulum with long, prehensile dorsal lobe; transparent gelatinous tube; foot relatively short; sessile, often in colonies of
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF08D3FDFED1B2D5" authorityName="Bory de St. Vincent" authorityYear="1826" box="[226,350,425,446]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Sinantherina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FF08D3FDFED1B2D5" box="[226,350,425,446]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Sinantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and occasionally
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FDE0D3FDFDF4B2D5" box="[522,635,425,446]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Lacinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FDE0D3FDFDF4B2D5" box="[522,635,425,446]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Lacinularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FD62D3FDFC99B2D4" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[648,790,425,447]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Flosculariidae</taxonomicName>
). Adult ≤1500 µm; oviparous. (
<figureCitation id="37802FE94166FFA4FBA9D3FDFB02B2D4" box="[1091,1165,425,447]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-206@7.[151,1436,633,1776]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Three species in family Atrochidae. A. Cupelopagis vorax (Leidy, 1857), side view; insert dorsal view. B. Two individuals of Acyclus inquietus Leidy, 1882 removed from a colony of S. socialis. C. Atrochus tentaculatus Wierzejski, 1893. (C. After Wierzejski, 1893). Symbols: B = body; F = foot; I = infundibulum; G = gelatinous matrix; S = substratum. Bars ~1000 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469061/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FB91D393FA13B2B7" authority="Leidy, 1882" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[1147,1436,455,477]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="inquietus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FB91D393FAABB2B7" box="[1147,1316,455,476]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Acyclus inquietus</emphasis>
Leidy, 1882
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF00D3B0FEBAB292" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[234,309,484,505]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FF00D3B0FEBAB292" box="[234,309,484,505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Acyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on the ova and young of the colonial rotifers it inhabits.
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FC5CD3B0FB15B292" author="Hochberg, R. &amp; O'Brien, S. &amp; Puleo, A." box="[950,1178,484,506]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="210 - 219" refId="ref14158" refString="Hochberg, R., O'Brien, S. &amp; Puleo, A. (2010) Behavior, metamorphosis, and muscular organization of the predatory rotifer Acyclus inquietus (Rotifera, Monogononta). Invertebrate Biology, 129, 210 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2010.00202. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Hochberg
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FBF4D3B1FBDDB292" box="[1054,1106,484,506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
reported on the behavior, metamorphosis, and muscular anatomy of this species. An undescribed congener, reported from
<collectingCountry id="D7AC73FC4166FFA4FB7ED055FB66B17C" box="[1172,1257,513,535]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FB1DD055FE9AB15F" author="Meksuwan, P. &amp; Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Segers, H." pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref15266" refString="Meksuwan, P., Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Segers, H. (2013) The Collothecidae (Rotifera, Collothecacea) of Thailand, with the description of a new species and an illustrated key to the Southeast Asian fauna. ZooKeys, 315, 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 315.5330" type="journal article" year="2013">
Meksuwan
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FA80D056FA12B17D" box="[1386,1437,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), should be explored further.]
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF04336C4166FFA4FF7DD068FA95B1C2" blockId="8.[151,1437,220,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
<keyLead id="144A90594166FFA4FF7DD068FA95B1C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
2 Infundibulum lacking long dorsal lobe, possessing finger-like projections (horny processes) on dorsal side; body elongate oval; tube absent; foot short and hemispherical in shape; 12001500 µm; mobile (crawling), lying on surfaces; ovoviviparous. (
<figureCitation id="37802FE94166FFA4FA9FD00DFF70B1E7" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-206@7.[151,1436,633,1776]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Three species in family Atrochidae. A. Cupelopagis vorax (Leidy, 1857), side view; insert dorsal view. B. Two individuals of Acyclus inquietus Leidy, 1882 removed from a colony of S. socialis. C. Atrochus tentaculatus Wierzejski, 1893. (C. After Wierzejski, 1893). Symbols: B = body; F = foot; I = infundibulum; G = gelatinous matrix; S = substratum. Bars ~1000 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469061/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
)..................................................................
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FBC9D023FA13B1E7" authority="Wierzejski, 1893" authorityName="Wierzejski" authorityYear="1893" box="[1059,1436,631,653]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Atrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="tentaculatus">
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FBC9D023FB7CB1E7" box="[1059,1267,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Atrochus tentaculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FB13D023FA13B1E7" author="Wierzejski, A." box="[1273,1436,631,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="696 - 712" refId="ref18344" refString="Wierzejski, A. (1893) Atrochus tentaculatus nov. gen. et sp. Ein Raderthier ohne Raderorgan. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 55, 696 - 712. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1893">Wierzejski, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[Additional work needs to be done on this enigmatic species; consult
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FC97D0C1FBBEB1C2" author="Koste, W. &amp; Robertson, B. &amp; Hardy, E." box="[893,1073,660,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="555 - 576" refId="ref14888" refString="Koste, W., Robertson, B. &amp; Hardy, E. (1984) Further taxonomical studies of the Rotifera from Lago Camale &quot; o, a Central Amazonian varzea lake (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimies, Amazonas Brazil). Amazonia, 8, 555 - 576." type="journal article" year="1984">
Koste
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FC51D0C1FC63B1C2" box="[955,1004,660,682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
(1984)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FBB5D0C0FA9EB1C2" author="Wierzejski, A." box="[1119,1297,660,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="696 - 712" refId="ref18344" refString="Wierzejski, A. (1893) Atrochus tentaculatus nov. gen. et sp. Ein Raderthier ohne Raderorgan. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 55, 696 - 712. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1893">Wierzejski (1893)</bibRefCitation>
.]
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>