314 lines
30 KiB
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314 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" ID-PMC="PMC8930920" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e76050" ID-Pensoft-UUID="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" ID-PubMed="35437414" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e76050" checkinTime="1647039089382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simon, Andrew D. F., Adamczyk, Emily M., Basman, Antranig, Chu, Jackson W. F., Gartner, Heidi N., Fletcher, Karin, Gibbs, Charles J., Gibbs, Donna M., Gilmore, Scott R., Harbo, Rick M., Harris, Leslie H., Humphrey, Elaine, Lamb, Andy, Lambert, Philip, McDaniel, Neil, Scott, Jessica & Starzomski, Brian M." docDate="2022" docId="540D897E1A075E2784E65A1EC7150CAF" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e76050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" docTitle="H. Hatschek 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" lastPageNumber="76050" masterDocId="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" masterDocTitle="Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology" masterLastPageNumber="76050" masterPageNumber="76050" pageNumber="76050" updateTime="1668121969866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Andrew D. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">adfsimon@imerss.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Adamczyk, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Basman, Antranig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chu, Jackson W. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gartner, Heidi N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Charles J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Donna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilmore, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harbo, Rick M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harris, Leslie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Humphrey, Elaine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lamb, Andy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lambert, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McDaniel, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starzomski, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>76050</mods:start>
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<mods:end>76050</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:540D897E1A075E2784E65A1EC7150CAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/540D897E1A075E2784E65A1EC7150CAF" lastPageNumber="76050" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName LSID="540D897E-1A07-5E27-84E6-5A1EC7150CAF" authority="Hatschek, 1888" authorityName="Hatschek" authorityYear="1888" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="phylum">Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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[
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">3 classes: 13 orders: 42 families: 64 genera: 77 species</emphasis>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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'
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="phylum">Cnidaria</taxonomicName>
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' is the Latinised plural form of the Greek
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<normalizedToken originalValue="κνίδη">κνίδη</normalizedToken>
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(knidē), which means
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“nettle.”">"nettle."</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="phylum">Cnidaria</taxonomicName>
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comprise 12,000 extant invertebrate species which primarily occur in marine environments (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). The phylum is characterised by the possession of a cell called the cnidocyte, which is used for protection or prey capture. Cnidarians may be polypoid, medusoid or alternate between life stages and are grouped into seven classes:
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="class">Anthozoa</taxonomicName>
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(anemones, soft corals, stony corals and sea fans),
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<taxonomicName class="Cubozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="class">Cubozoa</taxonomicName>
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(box jellies),
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="class">Hydrozoa</taxonomicName>
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(hydrozoans),
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="phylum">Myxozoa</taxonomicName>
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(obligate parasites),
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="class">Polypodiozoa</taxonomicName>
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(endocellular parasite),
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<taxonomicName class="Scyphozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="class">Scyphozoa</taxonomicName>
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(true jellyfish) and
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<taxonomicName class="Staurozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="class">Staurozoa</taxonomicName>
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(stalked jellyfishes) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). Nearly 600 cnidarian species are known to occur along the Pacific coast of North America (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, Stephen D." journalOrPublisher="American Fisheries Society, Bethesda" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6698912" refString="Cairns, Stephen D., Calder, Dale R., Brinckmann-Voss, Anita, Castro, Clovis B., Fautin, Daphne G., Pugh, Philip R., Mills, Claudia E., Jaap, Walter C., Arai, Mary N., Haddock, Stephen H. D., Opresko, Dennis M., 2002. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda" title="Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. 2 nd ed." year="2002">Cairns et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), over 200 of which are reported for the coast of British Columbia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brinckmann-Voss, A." journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="89 - 97" refId="B6698852" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., 1996. Seasonality of hydroids (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) from an intertidal pool and adjacent subtidal habitatas at Race Rocks, off Vancouver Island, Canada. Scientia Marina 60 (1): 89 - 97" title="Seasonality of hydroids (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) from an intertidal pool and adjacent subtidal habitatas at Race Rocks, off Vancouver Island, Canada" volume="60" year="1996">Brinckmann-Voss 1996</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Brinckmann-Voss, A." journalOrPublisher="Leiden Zoologische verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="37 - 68" refId="B6698935" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Arai, M. N., 1997. Further notes on the Leptolida (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) from Canadian Pacific Waters. Leiden Zoologische verhandelingen 323 (31): 37 - 68" title="Further notes on the Leptolida (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) from Canadian Pacific Waters" volume="323" year="1997">Brinckmann-Voss and Arai 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Seager, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Climate" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6699028" refString="Sendall K Sea anemones of British Columbia https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/SeaAnemonesofBC2010.pdf 2021-02-04T00:00:00+02:00" year="2019">Sendall 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bock, P. E." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6698927" refString="Boutillier P. Gillespie G. Corals of British Columbia https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/CoralChecklist2011BoutillierGillespie.pdf 2021-02-04T00:00:00+02:00" year="2013">Boutillier and Gillespie 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Of these taxa, 77 species are reported in the Galiano Island record.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Cnidarians occur widely throughout the marine environment, with medusae present in pelagic and polyps in benthic habitats. While field identification is reliable in some cases, many taxa, especially hydrozoans, require microscopy for reliable determination. Owing to these limitations, certain groups, including anemones and corals, are well represented in the Galiano Island record, whereas others, such as hydroids and hydrocorals and the smaller scyphozoans, are not. The deeper-dwelling soft corals (gorgonians) are also under-represented due to sampling biases toward shallower waters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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In this dataset, we report the recently-described hydroids
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Leuckartiara" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leuckartiara longicalcar" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longicalcar">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Leuckartiara longicalcar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schuchert, 2018 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6699078" captionText="Figure 5. Leuckartiara longicalcar - Photograph by Karolle Wall." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/511893" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">5</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Calder, Choong & McDaniel" authorityYear="2015" class="Hydrozoa" family="Similiclavidae" genus="Similiclava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Similiclava nivea" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nivea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Similiclava nivea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Calder, Choong & McDaniel, 2015, the latter of which represents a novel family of athecate hydrozoan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Calder, Dale R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="735 - 753" refId="B6698757" refString="Calder, Dale R., Choong, Henry H. C., McDaniel, Neil, 2015. Similiclava nivea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Similiclavidae): a new family, genus and species of athecate hydroid from the Pacific coast of North America. Journal of Natural History 49: 735 - 753" title="Similiclava nivea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Similiclavidae): a new family, genus and species of athecate hydroid from the Pacific coast of North America" volume="49" year="2015">Calder et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Notable historical reports include the hydrozoan
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglantha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aglantha digitale" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="digitale">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Aglantha digitale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(O. F.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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, 1776) (pink helmit) and the non-native anemone
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Anthozoa" family="Diadumenidae" genus="Diadumene" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diadumene lineata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lineata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Diadumene lineata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Verrill, 1869) (striped green sea anemone), both collected from Galiano Island in 1859 by Alexander Agassiz (
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<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz, L." journalOrPublisher="Little, Brown and Company, Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B7166817" refString="Agassiz, L., 1862. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America: pt. 3. Discophorae. pt. 4. Hydroidae. pt. 5. Homologies of the Radiata. Little, Brown and Company, Boston" title="Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America: pt. 3. Discophorae. pt. 4. Hydroidae. pt. 5. Homologies of the Radiata" year="1862">Agassiz 1862</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="McMurrich, J. Playfair" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="729 - 739" refId="B7166800" refString="McMurrich, J. Playfair, 1921. 37. Note on the systematic position and distribution of the actinian Sagartia lucioe. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 91 (4): 729 - 739" title="37. Note on the systematic position and distribution of the actinian Sagartia lucioe." volume="91" year="1921">McMurrich 1921</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Konecny, Cassandra A." journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B7181407" refString="Konecny, Cassandra A., Harley, Christopher D. G., 2019. The distribution of the orange-striped green anemone, Diadumene lineata, in relation to environmental factors along coastal British Columbia, Canada. Invertebrate Biology 138 (4)" title="The distribution of the orange-striped green anemone, Diadumene lineata, in relation to environmental factors along coastal British Columbia, Canada" volume="138" year="2019">Konecny and Harley 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). Finally, reports of the anemone
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sanamyan & Sanamyan" authorityYear="2006" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Urticina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urticina grebelnyi" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grebelnyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Urticina grebelnyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2006 (e.g. RBCM 986-00197-009) were found to be misidentified as
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Urticina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urticina crassicornis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Urticina crassicornis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1776) in our review of this dataset.
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Urticina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urticina crassicornis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Urticina crassicornis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a European species concept commonly misapplied to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. grebelnyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" rank="species" species="grebelnyi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">U. grebelnyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is now recognised in the Northeast Pacific (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sanamyan, N. P." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="359 - 393" refId="B6698880" refString="Sanamyan, N. P., Sanamyan, K. E., 2006. The genera Urticina and Cribrinopsis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the north-western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 359 - 393" title="The genera Urticina and Cribrinopsis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the north-western Pacific" volume="40" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
|
|
Other reported taxa require further study to resolve their taxonomy. For instance, recent molecular analysis of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aequorea" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the Northeast Pacific show they belong to a complex (here reported as
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Murbach & Shearer" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aequorea victoria" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="victoria">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Aequorea victoria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
s. lat.), with many other taxa potentially included within this clade (Henry Choong and Wyatt Patry, pers. comm. 2020). Within
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alcyonium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Alcyonium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, two taxa are recognised in the region, though they have yet to be circumscribed.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Euphysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphysa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Euphysa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
also likely represents a complex, the diversity of which has yet to be determined in our region (Claudia Mills, pers. comm. 2020).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
|
|
The alternation between polypoid and medusoid generations has historically resulted in a great deal of confusion in the classification of cnidarians. Hydroids, in particular, have received little recent taxonomic attention, with the most substantive revisions dating to
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fraser, Charles McLean" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto Press, Toronto" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6698824" refString="Fraser, Charles McLean, 1937. Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States. University of Toronto Press, Toronto" title="Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States" year="1937">Fraser (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Modern revisions of hydroid taxonomy are currently underway, led by Dale Calder and Henry Choong. References for Northeast Pacific cnidarians are provided by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fraser, Charles McLean" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto Press, Toronto" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6698824" refString="Fraser, Charles McLean, 1937. Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States. University of Toronto Press, Toronto" title="Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States" year="1937">Fraser (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brinckmann-Voss, A." journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="89 - 97" refId="B6698852" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., 1996. Seasonality of hydroids (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) from an intertidal pool and adjacent subtidal habitatas at Race Rocks, off Vancouver Island, Canada. Scientia Marina 60 (1): 89 - 97" title="Seasonality of hydroids (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) from an intertidal pool and adjacent subtidal habitatas at Race Rocks, off Vancouver Island, Canada" volume="60" year="1996">Brinckmann-Voss (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kozloff, E. N." journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662860" refString="Kozloff, E. N., 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle" title="Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest" year="1996">Kozloff (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brinckmann-Voss, A." journalOrPublisher="Leiden Zoologische verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="37 - 68" refId="B6698935" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Arai, M. N., 1997. Further notes on the Leptolida (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) from Canadian Pacific Waters. Leiden Zoologische verhandelingen 323 (31): 37 - 68" title="Further notes on the Leptolida (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) from Canadian Pacific Waters" volume="323" year="1997">Brinckmann-Voss and Arai (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, Stephen D." journalOrPublisher="American Fisheries Society, Bethesda" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6698912" refString="Cairns, Stephen D., Calder, Dale R., Brinckmann-Voss, Anita, Castro, Clovis B., Fautin, Daphne G., Pugh, Philip R., Mills, Claudia E., Jaap, Walter C., Arai, Mary N., Haddock, Stephen H. D., Opresko, Dennis M., 2002. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda" title="Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. 2 nd ed." year="2002">Cairns et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Wrobel, David" journalOrPublisher="Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6698984" refString="Wrobel, David, Mills, Claudia, 2003. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates: a guide to the common gelatinous animals. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey" title="Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates: a guide to the common gelatinous animals" year="2003">Wrobel and Mills 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lamb, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662869" refString="Lamb, A., Hanby, B. P., 2005. Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes" year="2005">Lamb and Hanby (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Seager, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Climate" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6699028" refString="Sendall K Sea anemones of British Columbia https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/SeaAnemonesofBC2010.pdf 2021-02-04T00:00:00+02:00" year="2019">Sendall (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bock, P. E." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6698927" refString="Boutillier P. Gillespie G. Corals of British Columbia https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/CoralChecklist2011BoutillierGillespie.pdf 2021-02-04T00:00:00+02:00" year="2013">Boutillier and Gillespie (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Harbo, R. M." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662898" refString="Harbo, R. M., 2011. Whelks to whales. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Whelks to whales" year="2011">Harbo (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Choong, H. H. C." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination=": 387" refId="B6699056" refString="Choong, H. H. C., 2015. Hydroids of the genus Sertularella (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from the Pacific coast of Canada in the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 3925 (3): 387" title="Hydroids of the genus Sertularella (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from the Pacific coast of Canada in the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum, with descriptions of four new species" volume="3925" year="2015">Choong 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jensen, G. C." journalOrPublisher="MolaMarine, Bremerton" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662971" refString="Jensen, G. C., Gotshall, D. W., Miller, R. E. F., 2018. Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast. MolaMarine, Bremerton" title="Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast" year="2018">Jensen et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Calder, Dale R." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6699067" refString="Calder, Dale R., Choong, Henry H. C., 2018. Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872-1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions. Zootaxa 4487 (1)" title="Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872 - 1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions" volume="4487" year="2018">Calder and Choong (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. For annotated records of cnidarians reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 3).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |